{"title":"From Portuguese to Iberian Milton? A Selection of Facts and Questions","authors":"Jorge Bastos da Silva","doi":"10.1353/MLT.2019.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/MLT.2019.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":"86-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/MLT.2019.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66477427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:The present article explores Paradise Lost's fixing on the identity of the first woman, as given and found in her name, from Adam's and God's initial, "quasi-baptismal" speech-acts, to Eve's analogization to legendary fallen or vanquished females, heroes, and heroines, to Eve's name in relation to both the Miltonic Fall-motif of woe and the word "live" in Paradise Lost. If classical allusions and received literary motifs seem to draw Eve into a fatal past, or to anticipate a tragic or doomed future, Milton also makes clear that "reason is also choice," and we must suspend disbelief in foregone conclusions—that is, in favor of free will—until Adam and Eve have reasoned about (and made) their own fatal choices.
{"title":"Naming Milton's Eve","authors":"James Nohrnberg","doi":"10.1353/MLT.2018.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/MLT.2018.0010","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The present article explores Paradise Lost's fixing on the identity of the first woman, as given and found in her name, from Adam's and God's initial, \"quasi-baptismal\" speech-acts, to Eve's analogization to legendary fallen or vanquished females, heroes, and heroines, to Eve's name in relation to both the Miltonic Fall-motif of woe and the word \"live\" in Paradise Lost. If classical allusions and received literary motifs seem to draw Eve into a fatal past, or to anticipate a tragic or doomed future, Milton also makes clear that \"reason is also choice,\" and we must suspend disbelief in foregone conclusions—that is, in favor of free will—until Adam and Eve have reasoned about (and made) their own fatal choices.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"1 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/MLT.2018.0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49266632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:Using Milton's poetry from his years of failing and newly lost sight, this article demonstrates the beginnings of Milton's blind language. Through close analysis of the sonnet "To Mr Cyriack Skinner Upon his Blindness," the psalms translations (Milton's only sustained poetic exercises during his years of approaching and full blindness), and finally, Sonnet 16 ("On His Blindness"), this article argues that Milton harnesses his intellectual and emotional powers into a blind and generative poetic energy.
{"title":"Toward Blind Language: John Milton Writing, 1648–1656","authors":"A. Dhar","doi":"10.1353/MLT.2018.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/MLT.2018.0013","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Using Milton's poetry from his years of failing and newly lost sight, this article demonstrates the beginnings of Milton's blind language. Through close analysis of the sonnet \"To Mr Cyriack Skinner Upon his Blindness,\" the psalms translations (Milton's only sustained poetic exercises during his years of approaching and full blindness), and finally, Sonnet 16 (\"On His Blindness\"), this article argues that Milton harnesses his intellectual and emotional powers into a blind and generative poetic energy.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"107 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/MLT.2018.0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43471203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:In the narrator's evocation of "fit audience . . . though few," Paradise Lost responds to Milton's immediate circumstances in Restoration England. Yet the desire to find, encourage, or create a "fit audience," coupled with a conviction that such an audience will necessarily be "few" in number, remained a preoccupation of Milton's throughout his career. Looking closely at Milton's prose works, from Areopagitica to The Readie and Easie Way, and at the language of the "fit" and "few" in poetry up to and beyond Paradise Lost, this article traces Milton's complex and evolving concept of a fit audience. As Milton's confidence in the people themselves decreases, he increasingly depends on divine aid to find or create that fit audience.
{"title":"Milton's \"Fit Audience\"","authors":"Warren Chernaik","doi":"10.1353/MLT.2018.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/MLT.2018.0014","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In the narrator's evocation of \"fit audience . . . though few,\" Paradise Lost responds to Milton's immediate circumstances in Restoration England. Yet the desire to find, encourage, or create a \"fit audience,\" coupled with a conviction that such an audience will necessarily be \"few\" in number, remained a preoccupation of Milton's throughout his career. Looking closely at Milton's prose works, from Areopagitica to The Readie and Easie Way, and at the language of the \"fit\" and \"few\" in poetry up to and beyond Paradise Lost, this article traces Milton's complex and evolving concept of a fit audience. As Milton's confidence in the people themselves decreases, he increasingly depends on divine aid to find or create that fit audience.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"108 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/MLT.2018.0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41713276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:This article reconsiders Samson's relationship to Hebrew law and Christian liberty in Samson Agonistes by reading the drama alongside the seventeenth-century Sabbath debates. Milton, like many participants in the debates, was especially intrigued by the Sabbath teachings in Isaiah's final chapters. Isaiah seemingly offered an opportunity to unite the Hebrew and Christian scriptures because the book both exhorted readers to observe Hebrew Sabbath law and could be read as prefiguring Christ's work to free the oppressed. Amidst these discussions, Milton's Samson emerges as an Isaian hero who anticipates Christ's liberating labors not by breaking Hebrew law but by obeying it.
{"title":"\"Not in their idol-worship, but by labor\": The Sabbath and the Book of Isaiah in Samson Agonistes","authors":"Karen Clausen-Brown","doi":"10.1353/MLT.2018.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/MLT.2018.0015","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article reconsiders Samson's relationship to Hebrew law and Christian liberty in Samson Agonistes by reading the drama alongside the seventeenth-century Sabbath debates. Milton, like many participants in the debates, was especially intrigued by the Sabbath teachings in Isaiah's final chapters. Isaiah seemingly offered an opportunity to unite the Hebrew and Christian scriptures because the book both exhorted readers to observe Hebrew Sabbath law and could be read as prefiguring Christ's work to free the oppressed. Amidst these discussions, Milton's Samson emerges as an Isaian hero who anticipates Christ's liberating labors not by breaking Hebrew law but by obeying it.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"134 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/MLT.2018.0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44063357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:In book 8 of Paradise Lost, God ironically laments that he is "alone / From all Eternitie" (405–6), lacking an "equal" suitable for companionship. This article argues that God's provocative claim to loneliness registers a history of divine desocialization stretching from the depolytheization of the biblical and classical gods to Milton's own relentless reduction of Christianity to its monotheistic core. Milton could not have endorsed divine loneliness, but his poem thinks about it deeply nonetheless.
{"title":"Milton's Lonely God","authors":"Daniel Shore","doi":"10.1353/MLT.2018.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/MLT.2018.0011","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In book 8 of Paradise Lost, God ironically laments that he is \"alone / From all Eternitie\" (405–6), lacking an \"equal\" suitable for companionship. This article argues that God's provocative claim to loneliness registers a history of divine desocialization stretching from the depolytheization of the biblical and classical gods to Milton's own relentless reduction of Christianity to its monotheistic core. Milton could not have endorsed divine loneliness, but his poem thinks about it deeply nonetheless.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"29 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/MLT.2018.0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48098842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:Reflecting on Freud's observation that Milton was among his "real teachers," this article revisits the claim that the predicament of Satan in Paradise Lost might be interpreted through the psychoanalytic notion of trauma. After reviewing past efforts at employing this critical approach, the article tries to establish a clearer understanding of the satanic motive for rebellion and the existential crisis that underlies it by drawing on Cathy Caruth's Unclaimed Experience and Ruth Leys's Trauma: A Genealogy.
{"title":"Debt Immense: The Freudian Satan, Yet Once More","authors":"Andrew Barnaby","doi":"10.1353/MLT.2018.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/MLT.2018.0017","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Reflecting on Freud's observation that Milton was among his \"real teachers,\" this article revisits the claim that the predicament of Satan in Paradise Lost might be interpreted through the psychoanalytic notion of trauma. After reviewing past efforts at employing this critical approach, the article tries to establish a clearer understanding of the satanic motive for rebellion and the existential crisis that underlies it by drawing on Cathy Caruth's Unclaimed Experience and Ruth Leys's Trauma: A Genealogy.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"183 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/MLT.2018.0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66477419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:This article argues that Milton's rewriting of the Ovidian story of Narcissus in Paradise Lost and his brief mention of Tiresias should be understood alongside his conspicuous avoidance of the story of Semele. Milton only partly resembles Tiresias as he reorients the fate of Eve-as-Narcissus because he disavows knowledge of female sexual enjoyment. Such knowledge would trouble Milton's theological imagination by raising difficult questions about the contact between God and the second Eve, Mary.
{"title":"From First to Second Eve, or, Tiresias without Semele","authors":"Eric B. Song","doi":"10.1353/MLT.2018.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/MLT.2018.0012","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article argues that Milton's rewriting of the Ovidian story of Narcissus in Paradise Lost and his brief mention of Tiresias should be understood alongside his conspicuous avoidance of the story of Semele. Milton only partly resembles Tiresias as he reorients the fate of Eve-as-Narcissus because he disavows knowledge of female sexual enjoyment. Such knowledge would trouble Milton's theological imagination by raising difficult questions about the contact between God and the second Eve, Mary.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"53 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/MLT.2018.0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42675043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:This article suggests that Frankenstein engages Paradise Lost with more consistency and nuance than critics have acknowledged. Rather than a straightforwardly agonistic response, the novel instead presents different kinds of Miltonic readers in its characters: the Milton-literate Creature, the Milton-oblivious Robert Walton, and the aware but studiously avoidant Victor Frankenstein. Redistributing labor from Milton's Adam, Eve, Satan, and God the Father to Frankenstein's various characters, the novel raises questions about the world of its characters and of Milton's epic. Practicing both adaptation and critique, Frankenstein dissents from other Romantic responses to prove surprisingly sympathetic to aspects of Paradise Lost's Reformist ethos.
{"title":"Reading Milton in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein","authors":"Lauren Shohet","doi":"10.1353/MLT.2018.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/MLT.2018.0016","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article suggests that Frankenstein engages Paradise Lost with more consistency and nuance than critics have acknowledged. Rather than a straightforwardly agonistic response, the novel instead presents different kinds of Miltonic readers in its characters: the Milton-literate Creature, the Milton-oblivious Robert Walton, and the aware but studiously avoidant Victor Frankenstein. Redistributing labor from Milton's Adam, Eve, Satan, and God the Father to Frankenstein's various characters, the novel raises questions about the world of its characters and of Milton's epic. Practicing both adaptation and critique, Frankenstein dissents from other Romantic responses to prove surprisingly sympathetic to aspects of Paradise Lost's Reformist ethos.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"157 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/MLT.2018.0016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42136761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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