Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0223
Aidan Selmer
ABSTRACT To an extent unnoticed in previous scholarship, Milton frequently engages passages from Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians in De Doctrina Christiana and Paradise Lost. This is attested not only in the exegesis that Milton undertakes in both works but also in Milton’s personal King James Bible in which a marginal annotation records his preference to translate Paul’s reference to seeing “through a glass, darkly” as “in a riddle” (1 Cor. 13:12). This essay argues that Milton’s wrestling with Pauline scripture during the composition of De Doctrina Christiana helps to explicate his recurring citation of 1 Corinthians 15:24–28 in Paradise Lost. In the poem’s scenes of heavenly council, God the Father and the Son predict—repeatedly, and without theological consensus—the apocalyptic state that Paul describes. This begets a Miltonic poetic style that conforms to Paul’s concept of divine mystery, or spiritual truth known imperfectly.
{"title":"“Through a Glass, Darkly”: <i>Paradise Lost</i> and Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians","authors":"Aidan Selmer","doi":"10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0223","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To an extent unnoticed in previous scholarship, Milton frequently engages passages from Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians in De Doctrina Christiana and Paradise Lost. This is attested not only in the exegesis that Milton undertakes in both works but also in Milton’s personal King James Bible in which a marginal annotation records his preference to translate Paul’s reference to seeing “through a glass, darkly” as “in a riddle” (1 Cor. 13:12). This essay argues that Milton’s wrestling with Pauline scripture during the composition of De Doctrina Christiana helps to explicate his recurring citation of 1 Corinthians 15:24–28 in Paradise Lost. In the poem’s scenes of heavenly council, God the Father and the Son predict—repeatedly, and without theological consensus—the apocalyptic state that Paul describes. This begets a Miltonic poetic style that conforms to Paul’s concept of divine mystery, or spiritual truth known imperfectly.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0208
E. Jones
abstract:Unreported parish records from Saint Margaret's, Westminster, and Saint Mary the Virgin, Aldermanbury, provide new information about Milton's second marriage and the burials of Katherine Woodcock and the couple's daughter. These details invite us, in turn, to reconsider Milton's own views regarding church ceremonies and parish affiliations in the 1650s and Restoration. In particular, the Saint Margaret's Churchwarden Accounts reveal that Milton's second wife and fourth daughter were buried at the "new Chappell" in Tothill Fields rather than at the mother church. Benevolences given at each burial suggest the likelihood that Milton attended both services.
{"title":"Milton's Second Marriage, the Burials of a Wife and Daughter, and Records from Two Parish Chests","authors":"E. Jones","doi":"10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0208","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Unreported parish records from Saint Margaret's, Westminster, and Saint Mary the Virgin, Aldermanbury, provide new information about Milton's second marriage and the burials of Katherine Woodcock and the couple's daughter. These details invite us, in turn, to reconsider Milton's own views regarding church ceremonies and parish affiliations in the 1650s and Restoration. In particular, the Saint Margaret's Churchwarden Accounts reveal that Milton's second wife and fourth daughter were buried at the \"new Chappell\" in Tothill Fields rather than at the mother church. Benevolences given at each burial suggest the likelihood that Milton attended both services.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"65 1","pages":"208 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42271269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0252
Jason S. Peters
abstract:When we call someone or something "stupid," it is an insult. So, when Milton's narrator in Paradise Lost says Satan is momentarily rendered "stupidly good" at the sight of Eve, we read it the same way: the devil's brief redemption is downplayed while his stupidity is emphasized. This essay argues that privileging rational human agency and virtuous freedom over more aesthetic and potentially "stupid" forms of wonder makes it hard to recognize the unsettling relation between Satan's experience and the intellectual innocence that was prized by experimentalists such as Francis Bacon. It also suggests that Milton's reflections on stupidity offer a helpful way to think about literary criticism; far from being a bad thing, Satan's stupidity is a form of innocence that emerges from skepticism and critique—a kind of astonishment that brings us face to face with our own limits, not only as readers and students, but also as scholars and teachers.
{"title":"Milton and the Uses of Stupidity","authors":"Jason S. Peters","doi":"10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0252","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:When we call someone or something \"stupid,\" it is an insult. So, when Milton's narrator in Paradise Lost says Satan is momentarily rendered \"stupidly good\" at the sight of Eve, we read it the same way: the devil's brief redemption is downplayed while his stupidity is emphasized. This essay argues that privileging rational human agency and virtuous freedom over more aesthetic and potentially \"stupid\" forms of wonder makes it hard to recognize the unsettling relation between Satan's experience and the intellectual innocence that was prized by experimentalists such as Francis Bacon. It also suggests that Milton's reflections on stupidity offer a helpful way to think about literary criticism; far from being a bad thing, Satan's stupidity is a form of innocence that emerges from skepticism and critique—a kind of astonishment that brings us face to face with our own limits, not only as readers and students, but also as scholars and teachers.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"65 1","pages":"252 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45323201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0181
Raphael Magarik
abstract:In the twentieth century, John Milton has often been described as, if not a Jew, at least a Jewish non-Jew. This essay proposes to reverse the ordinary procedure and ask not what in Milton's life or work might connect him to Judaism, but what in the twentieth century newly drove his readers to imagine him as Jewish. As case studies, the article's author takes two writers, Raphael Judah Zwi Werblowsky and Allen Grossman, who separately connect Milton to the Holocaust. In both cases, this essay argues, to Judaize Milton is not to place but to estrange him, to name his poetry's alienated modernity; its beginning after the social bonds of nation, king, and sacrament have dissolved; and its power to displace readers and open them to a similarly illuminating exile.
{"title":"Milton after Auschwitz","authors":"Raphael Magarik","doi":"10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0181","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In the twentieth century, John Milton has often been described as, if not a Jew, at least a Jewish non-Jew. This essay proposes to reverse the ordinary procedure and ask not what in Milton's life or work might connect him to Judaism, but what in the twentieth century newly drove his readers to imagine him as Jewish. As case studies, the article's author takes two writers, Raphael Judah Zwi Werblowsky and Allen Grossman, who separately connect Milton to the Holocaust. In both cases, this essay argues, to Judaize Milton is not to place but to estrange him, to name his poetry's alienated modernity; its beginning after the social bonds of nation, king, and sacrament have dissolved; and its power to displace readers and open them to a similarly illuminating exile.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"65 1","pages":"181 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47776236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0276
Alison A. Chapman
abstract:This essay reads the opening scene of Paradise Regained—in which Jesus goes down to the River Jordan to be baptized—in the contexts both of the intense seventeenth-century debates about baptism and Milton's own stated support for adult, believer baptism (as opposed to infant christening) in De Doctrina Christiana. Especially in light of the crackdown on Dissenters after the Restoration, Milton's decision to feature a scene of full-immersion adult baptism was a polemical one that expressed his tacit solidarity with the community of baptistic believers.
{"title":"\"To All Baptized\": The Watery Dissent of Paradise Regained","authors":"Alison A. Chapman","doi":"10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0276","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This essay reads the opening scene of Paradise Regained—in which Jesus goes down to the River Jordan to be baptized—in the contexts both of the intense seventeenth-century debates about baptism and Milton's own stated support for adult, believer baptism (as opposed to infant christening) in De Doctrina Christiana. Especially in light of the crackdown on Dissenters after the Restoration, Milton's decision to feature a scene of full-immersion adult baptism was a polemical one that expressed his tacit solidarity with the community of baptistic believers.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"276 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41270588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0153
Tianhu Hao
abstract:Both Shakespeare and Milton have had an important influence upon modern Chinese literature since the 1830s. Based on the rich sources recently accessible in Chinese and English databases, this article reconsiders the two writers’ impact on modern China, especially in the indigenization of the sonnet, the rise of huaju (spoken drama), and the Chinese adoption of the epic. In a sense, the two English literary masters have helped to shape modern China by participating actively in the decisive transformation of Chinese literature and culture.
{"title":"Shakespeare’s and Milton’s Impact on Chinese Literature and Culture: A Preliminary Comparison","authors":"Tianhu Hao","doi":"10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0153","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Both Shakespeare and Milton have had an important influence upon modern Chinese literature since the 1830s. Based on the rich sources recently accessible in Chinese and English databases, this article reconsiders the two writers’ impact on modern China, especially in the indigenization of the sonnet, the rise of huaju (spoken drama), and the Chinese adoption of the epic. In a sense, the two English literary masters have helped to shape modern China by participating actively in the decisive transformation of Chinese literature and culture.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"65 1","pages":"153 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43235294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0007
M. Kilgour
abstract:For Miltonists and early modern scholars in general, the identification of Milton’s copy of Shakespeare’s First Folio through the combined work of Claire Bourne and Jason Scott-Warren was exhilarating. At last there seemed hard proof of a bridge between the writers whom Samuel Taylor Coleridge described as the “twin peaks” of English literature. But what do Milton’s marginal brackets and editorial emendations tell us? This article addresses some of the patterns that can be found in the folio and considers how they might be connected to major concerns in Milton’s poetry, particularly through his reading of Romeo and Juliet.
对于弥尔顿学者和一般的早期现代学者来说，通过克莱尔·伯恩和杰森·斯科特-沃伦的联合作品来识别弥尔顿的莎士比亚《第一对开本》是令人振奋的。塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)将这两位作家称为英国文学的“双峰”，最后似乎有了确凿的证据，证明他们之间存在着一座桥梁。但是弥尔顿的边缘括号和编辑的修改告诉了我们什么?这篇文章讨论了在对开本中可以找到的一些模式，并考虑了它们是如何与弥尔顿诗歌中的主要关注点联系起来的，特别是通过他对《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的阅读。
{"title":"On First Looking into Milton’s Shakespeare","authors":"M. Kilgour","doi":"10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0007","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:For Miltonists and early modern scholars in general, the identification of Milton’s copy of Shakespeare’s First Folio through the combined work of Claire Bourne and Jason Scott-Warren was exhilarating. At last there seemed hard proof of a bridge between the writers whom Samuel Taylor Coleridge described as the “twin peaks” of English literature. But what do Milton’s marginal brackets and editorial emendations tell us? This article addresses some of the patterns that can be found in the folio and considers how they might be connected to major concerns in Milton’s poetry, particularly through his reading of Romeo and Juliet.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"65 1","pages":"30 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46557657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0031
J. Rumrich
abstract:In the mid-twentieth century, a short but seminal article demonstrated that a volume of Pindar’s poetry long accepted as John Milton’s did not in fact fit his readerly profile. It thereby articulated fresh criteria for determining Miltonic provenance. These same criteria now allow us to accept with confidence that Milton did indeed annotate the copy of Shakespeare’s First Folio held at the Philadelphia Free Library. Milton’s editorial interventions and marginal notations reveal his persistent artistic engagement with metaphors by which Shakespeare registers spatial, chronological, and atmospheric setting. They also indicate Milton’s generic focus on songs and masque-like entertainments contained in the plays, which suggests the artistic pertinence of Shakespeare to Milton’s poetic development during the 1630s. Shakespeare’s Henry IV tetralogy may also have had personal resonance in that decade as Milton struggled to avoid a career in the Church of England and instead establish an independent poetic vocation.
{"title":"Milton’s Shakespeare: Gentle Will, Spare John, and Plump Jack","authors":"J. Rumrich","doi":"10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0031","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In the mid-twentieth century, a short but seminal article demonstrated that a volume of Pindar’s poetry long accepted as John Milton’s did not in fact fit his readerly profile. It thereby articulated fresh criteria for determining Miltonic provenance. These same criteria now allow us to accept with confidence that Milton did indeed annotate the copy of Shakespeare’s First Folio held at the Philadelphia Free Library. Milton’s editorial interventions and marginal notations reveal his persistent artistic engagement with metaphors by which Shakespeare registers spatial, chronological, and atmospheric setting. They also indicate Milton’s generic focus on songs and masque-like entertainments contained in the plays, which suggests the artistic pertinence of Shakespeare to Milton’s poetic development during the 1630s. Shakespeare’s Henry IV tetralogy may also have had personal resonance in that decade as Milton struggled to avoid a career in the Church of England and instead establish an independent poetic vocation.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"65 1","pages":"31 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42574764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0047
Benjamin Card, D. Kastan
abstract:The response to the identification of John Milton’s Shakespeare in 2019 was deservedly enthusiastic, but the excitement has perhaps resulted in some overstatement of what it tells us about Milton as a reader of Shakespeare or Milton as a textual critic. The marked-up First Folio is an unusual and noteworthy record of a reader’s engagement with the plays, but it does not tell us quite what we want it to, especially now that we know the reader was Milton. Ultimately it tells us less about his understanding of Shakespeare and his texts than about Milton’s understanding of textuality itself.
{"title":"“Wanting a Supplement”: Milton and the Partial Reformation of His First Folio","authors":"Benjamin Card, D. Kastan","doi":"10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0047","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The response to the identification of John Milton’s Shakespeare in 2019 was deservedly enthusiastic, but the excitement has perhaps resulted in some overstatement of what it tells us about Milton as a reader of Shakespeare or Milton as a textual critic. The marked-up First Folio is an unusual and noteworthy record of a reader’s engagement with the plays, but it does not tell us quite what we want it to, especially now that we know the reader was Milton. Ultimately it tells us less about his understanding of Shakespeare and his texts than about Milton’s understanding of textuality itself.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"65 1","pages":"47 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44021441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0001
Stephen B. Dobranski, N. McDowell, L. Magnusson, Tianhu Hao, J. Rumrich, Benjamin Card, D. Kastan, M. Kilgour, P. Stevens
abstract:How are we to connect the way that Milton uses Charles I’s love of Shakespeare against him in Eikonoklastes (1649) with the evidence of Milton’s own close appreciation of Shakespeare in his copy of the First Folio, recently identified in the Free Library of Philadelphia? Is there any relationship between the linguistic and textual fascination with Shakespeare on display in the Philadelphia Folio and the polemical quotation of Shakespeare in the prose, or should we focus on the difference between them? This article makes the case that there is a relationship between Milton’s use of the First Folio and the political prose, but one that has less to do with content or with Milton’s attitudes toward Shakespeare per se than with critical methods of reading. This relationship exemplifies the effect of polemicization on literary and textual criticism, as on every aspect of British culture, during the Civil Wars of the 1640s.
{"title":"Preface: Shakespeare and Milton","authors":"Stephen B. Dobranski, N. McDowell, L. Magnusson, Tianhu Hao, J. Rumrich, Benjamin Card, D. Kastan, M. Kilgour, P. Stevens","doi":"10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.65.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:How are we to connect the way that Milton uses Charles I’s love of Shakespeare against him in Eikonoklastes (1649) with the evidence of Milton’s own close appreciation of Shakespeare in his copy of the First Folio, recently identified in the Free Library of Philadelphia? Is there any relationship between the linguistic and textual fascination with Shakespeare on display in the Philadelphia Folio and the polemical quotation of Shakespeare in the prose, or should we focus on the difference between them? This article makes the case that there is a relationship between Milton’s use of the First Folio and the political prose, but one that has less to do with content or with Milton’s attitudes toward Shakespeare per se than with critical methods of reading. This relationship exemplifies the effect of polemicization on literary and textual criticism, as on every aspect of British culture, during the Civil Wars of the 1640s.","PeriodicalId":42710,"journal":{"name":"Milton Studies","volume":"65 1","pages":"1 - 100 - 121 - 122 - 152 - 153 - 180 - 30 - 31 - 46 - 47 - 6 - 7 - 70 - 71 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41612672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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