Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2019-40-1/125-126
Matthew Doherty
{"title":"James De Lorenzi. Guardians of the Tradition: Historians and Historical Writing in Ethiopia and Eritrea - Book Review","authors":"Matthew Doherty","doi":"10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2019-40-1/125-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2019-40-1/125-126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42732,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Review of African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48283222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2019-40-1/31-52
J. Boafo, D. O. Appiah, Peter Dok Tindan
The Brong Ahafo region, often referred to as the 'breadbasket' of Ghana, in the last decade has become the centre of increasing expansion of cashew nuts production for export. Farmers in the region are increasingly devoting their time and lands to the production of raw cashew nuts for the export market instead of producing food for the local market. We adopt a political ecology approach to demonstrate how the historical legacy of export-led agriculture and its integration of local agriculture into the global market drives the production of cashew nuts in Ghana. Our analyses were informed by interview responses from farmers, and a review of critical agrarian scholarship, policy documents and cashew production and consumption reports. We find that historical legacies, government policy narratives and global market integration are driving the commodification of local agriculture in Ghana and conclude that there is an urgent need to plan for an agricultural transition that considers both immediate and long-term impacts.
{"title":"Drivers of Export-Led Agriculture in Ghana: The Case of Emerging Cashew Production in Ghana’s Brong Ahafo Region","authors":"J. Boafo, D. O. Appiah, Peter Dok Tindan","doi":"10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2019-40-1/31-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2019-40-1/31-52","url":null,"abstract":"The Brong Ahafo region, often referred to as the 'breadbasket' of Ghana, in the last decade has become the centre of increasing expansion of cashew nuts production for export. Farmers in the region are increasingly devoting their time and lands to the production of raw cashew nuts for the export market instead of producing food for the local market. We adopt a political ecology approach to demonstrate how the historical legacy of export-led agriculture and its integration of local agriculture into the global market drives the production of cashew nuts in Ghana. Our analyses were informed by interview responses from farmers, and a review of critical agrarian scholarship, policy documents and cashew production and consumption reports. We find that historical legacies, government policy narratives and global market integration are driving the commodification of local agriculture in Ghana and conclude that there is an urgent need to plan for an agricultural transition that considers both immediate and long-term impacts.","PeriodicalId":42732,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Review of African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44815486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2019-40-1/53-80
F. Perugia
Most refugee migrants entering Australia have limited financial resources. In Australia, low-income migrants from non-English speaking backgrounds-also referred to as Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CaLD) migrants-feature as one of the groups suffering from the current Australian housing crisis, experiencing difficulty in navigating the housing market and achieving sustainable housing outcomes. This article analyses the case study of the South Sudanese migrants and profiles this group, analysing factors that contribute to improving their financial independence (education, employment and income) and housing outcomes, with the aim to evaluate their overall economic position in relation to accessing the housing market. Data shows that after an average of ten years beginning from their initial arrival in Australia, this migrant group is still struggling to improve their financial position. The article concludes by questioning the current approaches to the resettlement process concerning the attainment of suitable housing outcomes.
{"title":"The Slow Road to a New Home: The Experiences of the First Generation of South Sudanese Western Australians Settled in Perth","authors":"F. Perugia","doi":"10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2019-40-1/53-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2019-40-1/53-80","url":null,"abstract":"Most refugee migrants entering Australia have limited financial resources. In Australia, low-income migrants from non-English speaking backgrounds-also referred to as Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CaLD) migrants-feature as one of the groups suffering from the current Australian housing crisis, experiencing difficulty in navigating the housing market and achieving sustainable housing outcomes. This article analyses the case study of the South Sudanese migrants and profiles this group, analysing factors that contribute to improving their financial independence (education, employment and income) and housing outcomes, with the aim to evaluate their overall economic position in relation to accessing the housing market. Data shows that after an average of ten years beginning from their initial arrival in Australia, this migrant group is still struggling to improve their financial position. The article concludes by questioning the current approaches to the resettlement process concerning the attainment of suitable housing outcomes.","PeriodicalId":42732,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Review of African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47941458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2019-40-1/101-110
P. Alegi, P. Limb, Afsaap
{"title":"Interviews with Notable Australasian Africanists Norman Etherington","authors":"P. Alegi, P. Limb, Afsaap","doi":"10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2019-40-1/101-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2019-40-1/101-110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42732,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Review of African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43157198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/239-252
B. Agozino
This papyrus suggests that penal abolitionism without forgiveness of the unforgiveable may be a license for self-help or vengeance. The papyrus offers a radical deconstruction of the essay, 'On Forgiveness', by Jacques Derrida, to reveal that contrary to popular misinterpretations, Derrida was demonstrating that forgiveness is more common in African traditions than in Abrahamic traditions - Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This papyrus goes beyond Derrida's examples from the recent history of South Africa and delves back to classical African civilization to demonstrate that the forgiveness of the unforgivable is indeed a long-running African tradition as Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela, among others, suggested. The papyrus ends with a call for people of African descent to apply this philosophy of forgiveness to one another and demand that the principle be integrated into public policy along with policies for reparations of historic wrongs.
{"title":"The African Philosophy of Forgiveness and Abrahamic Traditions of Vengeance","authors":"B. Agozino","doi":"10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/239-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/239-252","url":null,"abstract":"This papyrus suggests that penal abolitionism without forgiveness of the unforgiveable may be a license for self-help or vengeance. The papyrus offers a radical deconstruction of the essay, 'On Forgiveness', by Jacques Derrida, to reveal that contrary to popular misinterpretations, Derrida was demonstrating that forgiveness is more common in African traditions than in Abrahamic traditions - Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This papyrus goes beyond Derrida's examples from the recent history of South Africa and delves back to classical African civilization to demonstrate that the forgiveness of the unforgivable is indeed a long-running African tradition as Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela, among others, suggested. The papyrus ends with a call for people of African descent to apply this philosophy of forgiveness to one another and demand that the principle be integrated into public policy along with policies for reparations of historic wrongs.","PeriodicalId":42732,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Review of African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45351594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22160/22035184/aras-2018-39-2/122-150
Alfred Mupenzi
In Australia, only a handful of refugee background students are able to navigate mainstream secondary education and senior high school (Years 11 and 12). Most refugee background students arrive in Australia as adults and enrol in Vocational Education and Training (VET) colleges as a pathway to university. The institutions and educators that receive these students can struggle with supporting their integration into the Australian education system, and students struggle with learning new content, in a new language, within a new culture. To complete tertiary education in their new home, these students must possess educational resilience, amid language barriers and culture shock. Using three cases (the researcher and two participants) this article presents the narratives of displaced African students, highlighting their educational trajectories and the factors influencing their educational resilience. This article seeks to open space for situated and embodied understandings of the broader resettlement experience for refugee background students. It tries to intervene in and interrupt the 'deficit logics' that have shaped scholarship in this area. Data were obtained by means of life history narratives and self-reflective methodologies. Educational resilience is evident in the students' lived experiences and influences from: family; community; teachers; peers; faith and religion; and self-determination and behavioural factors. The study's findings reveal that the effects of displacement continue beyond people's initial school experiences and into their vocational and/or university education. In other words, the trauma of social breakdown, war and geographic displacement experienced by these students unfolds into major educational and vocational challenges. My personal life story of growing up a refugee, and the struggles I have gone through to acquire tertiary education, resonates with those of my research participants across multiple institutions and locations within and outside Australia. The stories in this study reveal the impact of forced displacement on refugee background students' education pathways.
{"title":"Educational resilience and experiences of African students with a refugee background in Australian tertiary education","authors":"Alfred Mupenzi","doi":"10.22160/22035184/aras-2018-39-2/122-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22160/22035184/aras-2018-39-2/122-150","url":null,"abstract":"In Australia, only a handful of refugee background students are able to navigate mainstream secondary education and senior high school (Years 11 and 12). Most refugee background students arrive in Australia as adults and enrol in Vocational Education and Training (VET) colleges as a pathway to university. The institutions and educators that receive these students can struggle with supporting their integration into the Australian education system, and students struggle with learning new content, in a new language, within a new culture. To complete tertiary education in their new home, these students must possess educational resilience, amid language barriers and culture shock. Using three cases (the researcher and two participants) this article presents the narratives of displaced African students, highlighting their educational trajectories and the factors influencing their educational resilience. This article seeks to open space for situated and embodied understandings of the broader resettlement experience for refugee background students. It tries to intervene in and interrupt the 'deficit logics' that have shaped scholarship in this area. Data were obtained by means of life history narratives and self-reflective methodologies. Educational resilience is evident in the students' lived experiences and influences from: family; community; teachers; peers; faith and religion; and self-determination and behavioural factors. The study's findings reveal that the effects of displacement continue beyond people's initial school experiences and into their vocational and/or university education. In other words, the trauma of social breakdown, war and geographic displacement experienced by these students unfolds into major educational and vocational challenges. My personal life story of growing up a refugee, and the struggles I have gone through to acquire tertiary education, resonates with those of my research participants across multiple institutions and locations within and outside Australia. The stories in this study reveal the impact of forced displacement on refugee background students' education pathways.","PeriodicalId":42732,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Review of African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46294904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/3-5
Tanya Lyons
{"title":"African Studies and the ‘National Interest’","authors":"Tanya Lyons","doi":"10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/3-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42732,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Review of African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44106773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/74-94
K. Adusei-Asante, H. Adibi
This article critiques the widely accepted official label 'Culturally and Linguistically Diverse' (CALD), used in Australia to refer mainly to Australia's non-Indigenous ethnic groups other than the English-speaking Anglo-Saxon majority. Our main contention is that it is a racialised and racialising label that perpetuates institutional racism, providing a conceptual excuse for legitimising privilege and altruistic governmentality over minority groups, while inferiorising and projecting these groups as an analogous population who need 'fixing'. The article draws on the sociological construct of labelling, through which we analyse the framing of CALD people in the literature as 'deviants' using Black African Migrants in Australia as exemplars. We propose that CALD labelling is counterproductive because it hinders social integration, divides people into 'us and them', homogenises, blurs particular lived experiences and needs, and ignores intersectional issues.
{"title":"The ‘Culturally and Linguistically Diverse’ (CALD) label: A critique using African migrants as exemplar","authors":"K. Adusei-Asante, H. Adibi","doi":"10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/74-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/74-94","url":null,"abstract":"This article critiques the widely accepted official label 'Culturally and Linguistically Diverse' (CALD), used in Australia to refer mainly to Australia's non-Indigenous ethnic groups other than the English-speaking Anglo-Saxon majority. Our main contention is that it is a racialised and racialising label that perpetuates institutional racism, providing a conceptual excuse for legitimising privilege and altruistic governmentality over minority groups, while inferiorising and projecting these groups as an analogous population who need 'fixing'. The article draws on the sociological construct of labelling, through which we analyse the framing of CALD people in the literature as 'deviants' using Black African Migrants in Australia as exemplars. We propose that CALD labelling is counterproductive because it hinders social integration, divides people into 'us and them', homogenises, blurs particular lived experiences and needs, and ignores intersectional issues.","PeriodicalId":42732,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Review of African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42541948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/95-121
Kwamena Kwansah-Aidoo, Virginia Mapedzahama
Global movements of people have produced socio-cultural environments of increasing racial diversity, in which issues of belonging abound. Yet, within research and discussion of how migrants construct a sense of belonging, the role that experiences of racism play in their constructions and feelings of belonging have not been centred or fully explored. Using 'Everyday Racism' as a conceptual framework, we draw on data from our study on identity and belonging among skilled Black African migrants in Australia to explore Afrocentric perspectives on belonging, which centre experiences of racism. These Afrocentric perspectives expose the complexity and contested nature of belonging when constructed within narratives of subjective experiences of racism. We propose understanding this as a typology of belonging - 'fractured belonging' - with four dimensions: contestation, negotiation, ambivalence and compromise (for spacio-temporal comfort). Ultimately, our article's main purpose is to argue for more nuanced understandings of this 'fractured belonging' among Black African migrant in Australia, and its implications for their subjective realities.
{"title":"Black bodies in/out of place? Afrocentric perspectives and/on racialised belonging in Australia","authors":"Kwamena Kwansah-Aidoo, Virginia Mapedzahama","doi":"10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/95-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/95-121","url":null,"abstract":"Global movements of people have produced socio-cultural environments of increasing racial diversity, in which issues of belonging abound. Yet, within research and discussion of how migrants construct a sense of belonging, the role that experiences of racism play in their constructions and feelings of belonging have not been centred or fully explored. Using 'Everyday Racism' as a conceptual framework, we draw on data from our study on identity and belonging among skilled Black African migrants in Australia to explore Afrocentric perspectives on belonging, which centre experiences of racism. These Afrocentric perspectives expose the complexity and contested nature of belonging when constructed within narratives of subjective experiences of racism. We propose understanding this as a typology of belonging - 'fractured belonging' - with four dimensions: contestation, negotiation, ambivalence and compromise (for spacio-temporal comfort). Ultimately, our article's main purpose is to argue for more nuanced understandings of this 'fractured belonging' among Black African migrant in Australia, and its implications for their subjective realities.","PeriodicalId":42732,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Review of African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43833339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/6-18
Kwamena Kwansah-Aidoo, Virginia Mapedzahama
This article looks at the everyday life and realities of some of Australia’s most recent immigrant communities, by shedding light on the experiences of black Africans in Queensland. Particularly, this article examines the experiences of black African migrants and refugees living in South East Queensland, to better understand how race, skin colour and immigration status interact to shape their everyday lives and social location in Australia. Data were collected from 30 participants using qualitative research methods. The theoretical approach employed synthesises concepts from identity, blackness, race and racism, whiteness and critical race theory. The subjective experiences of the participants interviewed indicate that skin colour still matters in determining life chances for black Africans in Australia. While the empirical focus is specific to Australia, this article contributes to the research literature in valuable ways, both from a theoretical perspective and in terms of a comparative contextualisation of racism. Introduction Queensland, the third most populous state in Australia, is home to many migrants and refugees. In more recent years, Queensland has accepted many black African migrants and refugees. Many of these Africans have come to build new lives, change their families’ circumstances and give new hope to their dreams (Jakubowicz, 2010; Udah, 2018). These African settler arrivals, though a very diverse group, add an important chapter to the history of immigration in Australia broadly and Queensland specifically. This article
{"title":"Towards Afrocentric Counternarratives of Race and Racism in Australia","authors":"Kwamena Kwansah-Aidoo, Virginia Mapedzahama","doi":"10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/6-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22160/22035184/ARAS-2018-39-2/6-18","url":null,"abstract":"This article looks at the everyday life and realities of some of Australia’s most recent immigrant communities, by shedding light on the experiences of black Africans in Queensland. Particularly, this article examines the experiences of black African migrants and refugees living in South East Queensland, to better understand how race, skin colour and immigration status interact to shape their everyday lives and social location in Australia. Data were collected from 30 participants using qualitative research methods. The theoretical approach employed synthesises concepts from identity, blackness, race and racism, whiteness and critical race theory. The subjective experiences of the participants interviewed indicate that skin colour still matters in determining life chances for black Africans in Australia. While the empirical focus is specific to Australia, this article contributes to the research literature in valuable ways, both from a theoretical perspective and in terms of a comparative contextualisation of racism. Introduction Queensland, the third most populous state in Australia, is home to many migrants and refugees. In more recent years, Queensland has accepted many black African migrants and refugees. Many of these Africans have come to build new lives, change their families’ circumstances and give new hope to their dreams (Jakubowicz, 2010; Udah, 2018). These African settler arrivals, though a very diverse group, add an important chapter to the history of immigration in Australia broadly and Queensland specifically. This article","PeriodicalId":42732,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Review of African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41644775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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