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Single Parenting: Impact on Child’s Development 单亲家庭:对儿童发展的影响
IF 0.6 Q4 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09731342231179017
Kersi Chavda, V. Nisarga
Age-old societal beliefs are being challenged and constantly changing with urbanization, industrialization, and modernization, which have blurred the typical family gender roles and structure. The studies conducted 2 to 3 decades back showed that family instability can negatively affect children’s development. The absence or loss of one parent and conflicts between separated and divorced parents affect not only the child’s mental health but also the child’s physical health, overall growth, and future relationships. Single parents are often overburdened with the responsibilities of 2 parents, face social stigma, and lack social support, as a result they have difficulty spending time with their children. Hence children of single parents have poor academic performance, decreased social interactions, emotional and behavioral problems. Newer research has focused on the positive outcomes and protective factors that can steer the child towards better outcome. We need to focus on such protective and resilience-building factors to help the child adjust in the short and long run.
随着城市化、工业化和现代化的发展,古老的社会观念正在受到挑战和不断变化,这些观念模糊了典型的家庭性别角色和结构。二三十年前进行的研究表明,家庭不稳定会对儿童的发展产生负面影响。父母一方的缺席或失去以及分居或离婚的父母之间的冲突不仅影响孩子的心理健康,还影响孩子的身体健康、整体成长和未来的人际关系。单亲父母往往承担着双亲的责任,面临社会的耻辱,缺乏社会支持,因此他们很难花时间和孩子在一起。因此,单亲家庭的孩子学习成绩差,社会交往减少,情绪和行为问题。较新的研究集中在积极的结果和保护因素上,这些因素可以引导孩子走向更好的结果。我们需要把重点放在这种保护和恢复力的因素上,以帮助儿童在短期和长期内进行调整。
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引用次数: 1
Digital Technology and Brain Development 数字技术与大脑发育
IF 0.6 Q4 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09731342231178632
C. Srivastava, Prajakta Patkar
The effects of digital technology on early brain development have been hotly debated for a long time. The COVID-19 pandemic increased these worries to a greater scale as it led to an inevitable surge in the use of digital technology across age groups. The risks and benefits of screens or gadgets are often discussed at length on multiple platforms. Technology has become a part of everyday life for humans of all age groups. Exposure to screens often starts in the first few months of life. It therefore becomes imperative to study the various ways by which it may affect the development of the human brain. Emerging clinical studies show that it may have a positive as well as negative effects on multiple aspects of brain development. In spite of the available research, there is no conclusive evidence to link the effects of digital technology with developmental disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence and conceptual understanding in this area.
长期以来,数字技术对早期大脑发育的影响一直备受争议。2019冠状病毒病大流行不可避免地导致各年龄组使用数字技术的人数激增,从而加剧了这些担忧。人们经常在多个平台上详细讨论屏幕或电子设备的风险和好处。科技已经成为各个年龄段人们日常生活的一部分。孩子在出生后的头几个月就开始接触屏幕。因此,研究它可能影响人类大脑发育的各种方式变得势在必行。新出现的临床研究表明,它可能对大脑发育的多个方面既有积极的影响,也有消极的影响。尽管已有研究,但没有确凿的证据表明数字技术的影响与发育障碍有关。这篇综述的目的是总结目前的证据和概念上的理解在这一领域。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Updates on Prevention and Intervention in Child and Adolescent Mental Health: Biological Perspective 儿童和青少年心理健康预防和干预的最新进展:生物学观点
IF 0.6 Q4 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09731342231179832
Mansi Somaiya, Allauki Dani, Prajakta Patkar, Swati B. Shelke, M. Dave, H. Shah
Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents have a varied and heterogeneous presentation. Many risk factors play a role in the emergence of the disorder. Newer molecules have been tried for comorbidities in ASD and ADHD. Many have shown efficacy but need more robust evidence for clinical use. Oxytocin in ASD has shown efficacy however is not yet in clinical use. Viloxazine in ADHD has been FDA-approved and has shown efficacy in ADHD. Neuromodulation is tried in almost all disorders; however, studies are limited. Computer-based cognitive training has proven to be helpful in psychotic disorders. More trials are warranted to consolidate the evidence. Digital interventions and virtual reality can be a new way forward. Studies are limited.
儿童和青少年的精神障碍表现形式多样。许多危险因素在这种疾病的出现中起着一定作用。针对ASD和ADHD的合并症,已经尝试了新的分子。许多已经显示出疗效,但临床应用需要更有力的证据。催产素在ASD中已显示出疗效,但尚未在临床上使用。维洛嗪治疗多动症已经获得美国食品药品监督管理局的批准,并在多动症中显示出疗效。神经调控在几乎所有的疾病中都尝试过;然而,研究是有限的。基于计算机的认知训练已被证明对精神病有帮助。需要进行更多的审判来巩固证据。数字干预和虚拟现实可以成为一条新的前进道路。研究是有限的。
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引用次数: 0
Aggression, Suicide, and Self-Harm in Children and Adolescents 儿童和青少年的攻击、自杀和自残
IF 0.6 Q4 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09731342231190715
A. Chhabria, Prerna Khar
Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents in the age group of 15 to 19 years. As per the National Crime Record Bureau, India loses 1 student to suicide every hour. The COVID pandemic saw an alarming rise in the number of children/adolescents attempting suicide. The state of Kerala lost 173 children in the age group of 10 to 18 years, during the first wave of the pandemic (March-October 2020). This review article has been written with the aim of exploring causes of aggression, suicide, and self-harm in children and adolescents. It also strives to bring forth the various interventions which can be taken in order to reduce the rate of suicide and self-harm in children and adolescents.
自杀是15至19岁年龄段青少年死亡的第二大原因。根据国家犯罪记录局的数据,印度每小时有1名学生自杀身亡。在新冠肺炎疫情中,试图自杀的儿童/青少年人数惊人地增加。在第一波疫情期间(2020年3月至10月),喀拉拉邦失去了173名10至18岁年龄段的儿童。这篇综述文章旨在探讨儿童和青少年攻击、自杀和自残的原因。它还努力提出可以采取的各种干预措施,以降低儿童和青少年的自杀率和自残率。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Fostering Tomorrow for the Future 社论:为未来培育明天
IF 0.6 Q4 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09731342231184431
Henal Shah, Nitin Gupta
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引用次数: 0
Child Psychiatric Services in the Private Sector: Some Insights 私营部门的儿童精神病服务:一些见解
IF 0.6 Q4 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09731342231181957
Delnaz Palsetia, S. Sonavane, A. De Sousa
This paper looks at child psychiatric services in the private sector and all that can be done with child psychiatric services in the private sector. The need for public-private partnerships, the role of child psychiatrists in private practice providing integrated services, and the need for school mental health services by private psychiatrists is emphasized. The paper ends by emphasizing the need to focus on adolescent mental health and eradicating the stigma that surrounds child and adolescent mental health.
本文着眼于私营部门的儿童精神科服务,以及私营部门的儿童精神科服务所能做的一切。强调了建立公私伙伴关系的必要性、儿童精神病医生在私人执业中提供综合服务的作用以及私立精神病医生提供学校心理健康服务的必要性。论文最后强调需要关注青少年心理健康,消除围绕儿童和青少年心理健康的污名。
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引用次数: 0
Infectious Diseases Impact on Biomedical Devices and Materials. 传染病对生物医学设备和材料的影响。
Q4 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1007/s44174-022-00035-y
Matthew M Brigmon, Robin L Brigmon

Infectious diseases and nosocomial infections may play a significant role in healthcare issues associated with biomedical materials and devices. Many current polymer materials employed are inadequate for resisting microbial growth. The increase in microbial antibiotic resistance is also a factor in problematic biomedical implants. In this work, the difficulty in diagnosing biomedical device-related infections is reviewed and how this leads to an increase in microbial antibiotic resistance. A conceptualization of device-related infection pathogenesis and current and future treatments is made. Within this conceptualization, we focus specifically on biofilm formation and the role of host immune and antimicrobial therapies. Using this framework, we describe how current and developing preventative strategies target infectious disease. In light of the significant increase in antimicrobial resistance, we also emphasize the need for parallel development of improved treatment strategies. We also review potential production methods for manufacturing specific nanostructured materials with antimicrobial functionality for implantable devices. Specific examples of both preventative and novel treatments and how they align with the improved care with biomedical devices are described.

在与生物医学材料和设备相关的医疗保健问题中,传染病和院内感染可能扮演着重要角色。目前使用的许多聚合物材料都不足以抵抗微生物的生长。微生物抗生素耐药性的增加也是造成生物医学植入物问题的一个因素。在这项研究中,我们回顾了诊断生物医学设备相关感染的困难,以及这如何导致微生物抗生素耐药性的增加。本文对与设备相关的感染发病机制以及当前和未来的治疗方法进行了概念化。在这一概念中,我们特别关注生物膜的形成以及宿主免疫和抗菌疗法的作用。利用这一框架,我们描述了当前和发展中的预防策略是如何针对传染病的。鉴于抗菌药耐药性的显著增加,我们还强调了同时开发改良治疗策略的必要性。我们还回顾了为植入式设备制造具有抗菌功能的特定纳米结构材料的潜在生产方法。此外,我们还介绍了预防性治疗和新型治疗的具体实例,以及它们如何与生物医学设备的改进护理相结合。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the Awareness Levels of Parents on Child Sexual Abuse 检查父母对儿童性虐待的认识水平
IF 0.6 Q4 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/09731342231156498
Bengü Berkmen
Introduction: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is defined as all kinds of actions that an adult uses a child for sexual purposes. The studies concluded that parents have incomplete or incorrect information and the protection of children against abuse is the fundamental duty of parents. This study analyses the CSA awareness levels of parents. Methods: Descriptive survey model is performed. The research sample covers 455 parents. The Child Sexual Abuse Awareness Scale for Parents and a demographical information form was used for research data collection and analyzed on SPSS 21.0 software. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between parents’ CSA awareness levels and age, gender, marital status, duration of marriage, education level, and number of children. The results showed that parents who were married for up to 10 years had a university degree, had only 1 child, and had higher awareness of sexual abuse myths. Contrary to expectations, no significant results were obtained regarding the signs of sexual abuse scores of groups with high awareness of myths of sexual abuse. Implications for Research and Practice: Contrary to the literature, the awareness levels of fathers about CSA are lower than the awareness levels of mothers, and the awareness levels of parents decrease as they get older. There is a need for further comprehensive and more scientific studies to identify the CSA problem in North Cyprus and propose solutions, and consequently prevention programs should be developed for professional groups that are related with child and parents.
儿童性虐待(Child sexual abuse,简称CSA)被定义为成人为达到性目的而使用儿童的各种行为。研究的结论是,父母的信息不完整或不正确,保护儿童不受虐待是父母的基本责任。本研究分析了家长对CSA的认知水平。方法:采用描述性调查模型。研究样本涵盖了455名家长。采用《父母儿童性虐待意识量表》和人口统计信息表收集研究数据,并采用SPSS 21.0软件进行分析。结果:父母的CSA认知水平与年龄、性别、婚姻状况、婚姻持续时间、受教育程度、子女数量有统计学差异。结果显示,结婚10年以上的父母拥有大学学历,只有一个孩子,并且对性虐待的误解有更高的认识。与预期相反,在对性虐待神话有高度认识的群体中,没有获得关于性虐待迹象得分的显著结果。研究与实践启示:与文献相反,父亲对CSA的意识水平低于母亲的意识水平,并且随着年龄的增长,父母的意识水平降低。有必要进行进一步全面和更科学的研究,以确定北塞浦路斯的CSA问题并提出解决办法,因此应该为与儿童和父母有关的专业团体制定预防方案。
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引用次数: 0
IACAM Academy: An Initiative of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (IACAM) IACAM学院:印度儿童和青少年心理健康协会(IACAM)的一项倡议
IF 0.6 Q4 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/09731342231166432
S. Malhotra, Nitin Gupta
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引用次数: 0
Perspectives of Teachers about Online Classes and Their Psychosocial Well-Being During School Reopening Phase: A Cross-sectional Study from North India 在学校重新开放阶段,教师对在线课程及其心理社会健康的看法:来自北印度的横断面研究
IF 0.6 Q4 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/09731342231169636
Jasmin Garg, N. Sharma, R. Garg, Shivam Jaiswal
Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, education of children was continued in online mode for an extended period of time. Research from India in the beginning of pandemic indicated that teachers faced numerous challenges while adapting to this new mode of teaching. However, no prior study from India evaluated perspective of teachers regarding online classes and their psychosocial well-being during school reopening phase, which started in Feb 2022. During this period both online and offline classes were being conducted and thus presented the opportunity for better comparison of effects of both systems. Schools still revert to online mode of teaching periodically, but it remains to be seen if it benefits the teachers and students. Methods: It was a cross-sectional online survey-based study. Self-designed questionnaires assessing perspectives of teachers regarding online classes and psychosocial impact were administered. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 was used to measure psychological distress. Results: N = 708 school teachers participated in this survey. A total of 96% of them preferred offline mode of teaching. Several disadvantages of online classes were listed such as connectivity issues, poor interaction with students, poor concentration, and knowledge transfer. Due to online classes, most of them reported increase in working hours, and decrease in leisure time and quality of life. The teachers who conducted online classes (either alone or combined with offline classes), who were employed in private schools and those with lesser family income, had significantly higher psychological distress. Conclusion: According to school teachers, online classes carried many disadvantages. Online classes also decreased the psychosocial well-being of teachers.
背景:在新冠肺炎大流行期间,儿童教育在很长一段时间内继续以在线模式进行。印度在疫情初期的研究表明,教师在适应这种新的教学模式时面临着许多挑战。然而,印度此前没有任何研究评估教师在2022年2月开始的学校重新开放阶段对网课及其心理健康的看法。在此期间,在线和离线课程都在进行,因此为更好地比较两种系统的效果提供了机会。学校仍会定期恢复在线教学模式,但这是否对教师和学生有利还有待观察。方法:这是一项基于横断面在线调查的研究。进行了自行设计的问卷调查,评估教师对网课和心理社会影响的看法。抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21用于测量心理困扰。结果:共有708名学校教师参与了本次调查。共有96%的学生喜欢线下教学模式。列出了网课的几个缺点,如连接问题、与学生互动不良、注意力不集中和知识转移。由于上网课,他们中的大多数人报告说工作时间增加,休闲时间和生活质量下降。在私立学校和家庭收入较低的学校工作的在线课程(单独或与线下课程结合)教师的心理困扰明显更高。结论:根据学校老师的说法,网课有很多缺点。网课也降低了教师的心理健康。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health
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