Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2713.95.05
K. Mukhtarova, G. Nasibova, M. Ismayilova
The aim of the study is to substantiate the prospects for the oil and gas content of the Upper Cretaceous effusive and carbonate deposits by studying their reservoir parameters. Previous studies have established that a sedimentary complex, present in the geological structure of the Muradkhanly field, is lithologically represented by clays, siltstones, sands and sandstones, dolomites, limestones, tuffs, Upper Cretaceous porphyrites. Since this lithofacies composition of the section is of great importance as a reservoir rock, volcanic sandy tuffs, mudstones and dense sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous age have been comprehensively investigated throughout the territory. We studied carbonates of this age and found that they have compaction of varying extent and are divided into 3 groups: weakly, moderately and strongly compacted and this, in turn, has considerable effect upon the rock porosity. At the beginning of the study, the reservoir features of Meso-Cenozoic sediments in the Yevlakh-Agdjabedi depression [YAD] were studied mainly on the basis of terrigenous rocks that refer to the Cenozoic. In our studies, Cretaceous deposits were studied, which are represented by effusive, carbonate rocks with secondary reservoir properties. The reservoir properties of chalk deposits in the YAD areas were investigated on the basis of studies of core samples in laboratories. It was found that the reservoir rocks of the area under investigation are volcanic, volcanic-sedimentary and carbonate, that is, they mainly consist of fractured limestones, marls and dolomites. Studies have shown that the oil and gas content of the depression is associated mainly with carbonate and effusive reservoirs. To assess the prospects for the oil-bearing capacity of the YAD, geological sections were studied in terms of the reservoir properties of a number of structures, and on the basis of the obtained core samples data. Trend maps were compiled using the "Surfer" software. Analysis of the maps allows identifying the corresponding zones of carbonate content, permeability, porosity, characterized by high, medium and low values. According to the carbonate readings, the studied territory does not have a strict distribution pattern and, according to the permeability distribution data, it is divided into two zones: the northern zone with average and the southern one with low values. There is, to a certain extent, pattern for variation of the values of carbonate content and permeability, and this can be explained by the secondary transformation of the reservoir properties of carbonate rocks, as a result of which permeability and porosity changed. Porosity distribution, to some extent, is aligned with permeability. Inverse relationship between the values of porosity and permeability can be explained with the filling of voids with cement material in the rock formation environment. Currently, in order to continue exploration and drilling works, comprehensive geological and geophysical studie
{"title":"OIL AND GAS POTENTIAL AND STUDY OF RESERVOIR PROPERTIES OF THE CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS OF THE YEVLAKH-AGDJABEDI DEPRESSION","authors":"K. Mukhtarova, G. Nasibova, M. Ismayilova","doi":"10.17721/1728-2713.95.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.95.05","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to substantiate the prospects for the oil and gas content of the Upper Cretaceous effusive and carbonate deposits by studying their reservoir parameters. Previous studies have established that a sedimentary complex, present in the geological structure of the Muradkhanly field, is lithologically represented by clays, siltstones, sands and sandstones, dolomites, limestones, tuffs, Upper Cretaceous porphyrites. Since this lithofacies composition of the section is of great importance as a reservoir rock, volcanic sandy tuffs, mudstones and dense sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous age have been comprehensively investigated throughout the territory. We studied carbonates of this age and found that they have compaction of varying extent and are divided into 3 groups: weakly, moderately and strongly compacted and this, in turn, has considerable effect upon the rock porosity. At the beginning of the study, the reservoir features of Meso-Cenozoic sediments in the Yevlakh-Agdjabedi depression [YAD] were studied mainly on the basis of terrigenous rocks that refer to the Cenozoic. In our studies, Cretaceous deposits were studied, which are represented by effusive, carbonate rocks with secondary reservoir properties. The reservoir properties of chalk deposits in the YAD areas were investigated on the basis of studies of core samples in laboratories. It was found that the reservoir rocks of the area under investigation are volcanic, volcanic-sedimentary and carbonate, that is, they mainly consist of fractured limestones, marls and dolomites. Studies have shown that the oil and gas content of the depression is associated mainly with carbonate and effusive reservoirs. To assess the prospects for the oil-bearing capacity of the YAD, geological sections were studied in terms of the reservoir properties of a number of structures, and on the basis of the obtained core samples data. Trend maps were compiled using the \"Surfer\" software. Analysis of the maps allows identifying the corresponding zones of carbonate content, permeability, porosity, characterized by high, medium and low values. According to the carbonate readings, the studied territory does not have a strict distribution pattern and, according to the permeability distribution data, it is divided into two zones: the northern zone with average and the southern one with low values. There is, to a certain extent, pattern for variation of the values of carbonate content and permeability, and this can be explained by the secondary transformation of the reservoir properties of carbonate rocks, as a result of which permeability and porosity changed. Porosity distribution, to some extent, is aligned with permeability. Inverse relationship between the values of porosity and permeability can be explained with the filling of voids with cement material in the rock formation environment. Currently, in order to continue exploration and drilling works, comprehensive geological and geophysical studie","PeriodicalId":42798,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv-Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83705438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2713.95.04
T. Burakhovich, A. Kushnir, V. Ilienko
The interpretation of the segment of the deep three-dimensional Crimean region geoelectrical model within the Saki and Yevpatoria profiles, built on the basis of the Earth's low-frequency electromagnetic field experimental observations, was obtained in 2012 by the INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS named after S.I.Subbotin. The main result of the analysis is the identification of vertical and horizontal alternation of high and low resistivity, both in the earth's crust and in the upper mantle. It is shown that the geoelectrical sections along all the profile sections of the model are characterized by a dip to the north of the consolidated basement surface depth and, accordingly, an increase of the near-surface layer conductivity. The conductivity anomaly in the consolidated earth's crust was revealed in the depth interval of 5-10 km with resistivity (ρ) of 5 Ohmꞏm, galvanically connected with the sedimentary cover. Deeper than 10 km, homogeneous and inhomogeneous layers in ρ alternate: 10-60 km with ρ = 1000 Ohmꞏm; 60-90 km with ρ = 100 and 1000 Ohmꞏm; 90-110 km with ρ = 1000 Ohmꞏm; 110-140 km with ρ = 40 and 1000 Ohmꞏm, the contact corresponds to the different ρ of normal geoelectrical sections of different-aged structures of the Scythian plate and the East European platform; also horizontally layered normal section. It has been analyzed that earthquake sources of the Steppe Crimea seismic region are concentrated in geoelectrically inhomogeneous zones and tend to contact structures with ρ differ - above the upper margin, outside and between the conductivity anomalies in the consolidated rocks of the earth's crust. The considered material confidently indicates the confinement of hydrocarbon manifestations to the high electrical conductivity anomalies identified according to the data of geoelectromagnetical sounding and three-dimensional modeling, which are characterized by subvertical channels galvanically connected with sedimentary deposits, and layering in the earth's crust and upper mantle. Geoelectrical inhomogeneities, which reflect the current state of the earth's crust and upper mantle and are probably due to the influence of modern mantle fluids, correspond to manifestations of seismicity and hydrocarbon content.
{"title":"INTERPRETATION OF THE 3D GEOELECTRICAL MODEL OF THE STEPPE CRIMEA BOWELS. EUPATORIA AND SAKI PROFILES","authors":"T. Burakhovich, A. Kushnir, V. Ilienko","doi":"10.17721/1728-2713.95.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.95.04","url":null,"abstract":"The interpretation of the segment of the deep three-dimensional Crimean region geoelectrical model within the Saki and Yevpatoria profiles, built on the basis of the Earth's low-frequency electromagnetic field experimental observations, was obtained in 2012 by the INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS named after S.I.Subbotin. The main result of the analysis is the identification of vertical and horizontal alternation of high and low resistivity, both in the earth's crust and in the upper mantle. It is shown that the geoelectrical sections along all the profile sections of the model are characterized by a dip to the north of the consolidated basement surface depth and, accordingly, an increase of the near-surface layer conductivity. The conductivity anomaly in the consolidated earth's crust was revealed in the depth interval of 5-10 km with resistivity (ρ) of 5 Ohmꞏm, galvanically connected with the sedimentary cover. Deeper than 10 km, homogeneous and inhomogeneous layers in ρ alternate: 10-60 km with ρ = 1000 Ohmꞏm; 60-90 km with ρ = 100 and 1000 Ohmꞏm; 90-110 km with ρ = 1000 Ohmꞏm; 110-140 km with ρ = 40 and 1000 Ohmꞏm, the contact corresponds to the different ρ of normal geoelectrical sections of different-aged structures of the Scythian plate and the East European platform; also horizontally layered normal section. It has been analyzed that earthquake sources of the Steppe Crimea seismic region are concentrated in geoelectrically inhomogeneous zones and tend to contact structures with ρ differ - above the upper margin, outside and between the conductivity anomalies in the consolidated rocks of the earth's crust. The considered material confidently indicates the confinement of hydrocarbon manifestations to the high electrical conductivity anomalies identified according to the data of geoelectromagnetical sounding and three-dimensional modeling, which are characterized by subvertical channels galvanically connected with sedimentary deposits, and layering in the earth's crust and upper mantle. Geoelectrical inhomogeneities, which reflect the current state of the earth's crust and upper mantle and are probably due to the influence of modern mantle fluids, correspond to manifestations of seismicity and hydrocarbon content.","PeriodicalId":42798,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv-Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78613888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2713.94.08
G. Rudko
Extraction of graphite and its use in various spheres of production and technology play a significant role in the economies of many countries. Distinctive characteristics of graphite, which is one of the most common forms of carbon in nature (good electrical conductivity, low hardness, resistance to heat and aggressive environments), are widely used by scientists in various scientific developments. After British researchers of Russian origin from the University of Manchester Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov published an article about properties of the first studied two-dimensional graphene crystal in the journal Science in 2004, and numerous studies of properties of the new material, the demand for graphite ore has been increasing, and, according to some forecasts, it will amount to more than $ 400 million by 2026. Natural flake graphite can be used in new technologies, such as graphene, which is now used in various scientific experiments, as well as in the production of lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, nuclear and solar power plants. Geological conditions of the Zavallivske graphite deposit, which is the main source of graphite in Ukraine, have been briefly presented in the paper, and perspectives of identified areas that can become an additional reserve of graphite ore have been outlined. Significant prognosis resources of graphite in new deposits, which have been recently discovered in Ukraine (Burtynske, Balakhivske, Sachkinsko-Troitske, a number of new sites within the Zavallia area), allow not only to maintain at the appropriate level, but also, if necessary, expand existing mineral raw material base, so Ukraine could become one of the world's largest suppliers of graphite products. Graphene has a great mechanical strength and a very high thermal conductivity. An extremely high mobility of electrons makes graphene a perspective material for the application in various fields, in particular, as a future basis for nanoelectronics and possible replacement of silicon in integrated circuits. Results on the application of unique properties of graphene have been presented.
{"title":"GEOLOGY OF GRAPHITE DEPOSITS OF UKRAINE AND PROSPECTS OF EXTRACTION IN MODERN CONDITIONS","authors":"G. Rudko","doi":"10.17721/1728-2713.94.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.94.08","url":null,"abstract":"Extraction of graphite and its use in various spheres of production and technology play a significant role in the economies of many countries. Distinctive characteristics of graphite, which is one of the most common forms of carbon in nature (good electrical conductivity, low hardness, resistance to heat and aggressive environments), are widely used by scientists in various scientific developments. After British researchers of Russian origin from the University of Manchester Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov published an article about properties of the first studied two-dimensional graphene crystal in the journal Science in 2004, and numerous studies of properties of the new material, the demand for graphite ore has been increasing, and, according to some forecasts, it will amount to more than $ 400 million by 2026. Natural flake graphite can be used in new technologies, such as graphene, which is now used in various scientific experiments, as well as in the production of lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, nuclear and solar power plants. Geological conditions of the Zavallivske graphite deposit, which is the main source of graphite in Ukraine, have been briefly presented in the paper, and perspectives of identified areas that can become an additional reserve of graphite ore have been outlined. Significant prognosis resources of graphite in new deposits, which have been recently discovered in Ukraine (Burtynske, Balakhivske, Sachkinsko-Troitske, a number of new sites within the Zavallia area), allow not only to maintain at the appropriate level, but also, if necessary, expand existing mineral raw material base, so Ukraine could become one of the world's largest suppliers of graphite products. Graphene has a great mechanical strength and a very high thermal conductivity. An extremely high mobility of electrons makes graphene a perspective material for the application in various fields, in particular, as a future basis for nanoelectronics and possible replacement of silicon in integrated circuits. Results on the application of unique properties of graphene have been presented.","PeriodicalId":42798,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv-Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86554989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2713.94.09
V. Gurbanov, N. Narimanov, G. Nasibov
The following structural elements in the South Caspian megadepression (SCMD) have been considered: the interfluve of the Kura and Gabirri, the Absheron and Baku archipelagoes, the Lower Kur depression (LKD) and the Godin massif, that stand out geodynamically, from point of view of structural and tectonic evolution and oil and gas content. To solve this problem, the geodynamic environment of the SCMD has been analyzed based on the geodynamic chart of the Central segment of the Mediterranean folding belt compiled by the author, as well as the orientation chart of compressional stresses in the SCD and the methodology, developed for the first time ever, for their qualitative assessment within the structural elements by means of compiling isomorphic maps. The latter make it possible to determine the intensity and nature of the propagation of compressional stresses, the specifics of their impact on folding, oil and gas generation and formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. The Kur-Gabirri interfluve is situated in the west of the SCMD between the closely located Greater and Lesser Caucasian collisions. It is characterized by oil and gas bearing and potential sublatitudinally oriented linear folds, complicated by faulting and mud volcanism. The values of isolines of the isomorphic map and their density are indicative of high intensity of the north-west oriented compressional stresses here. The Absheron archipelago is a western element of the Absheron-Balkhan residual subduction. According to the isomorphic map with a dense network of isolines of sublatitudinal orientation, the archipelago is complicated by linear folding, as well as thrusts, transverse strike-slip faults, mud volcanism, oil and gas content, and oil and gas manifestations indicating the build-up of intense compressional stresses here. Evolution of folds within the Baku archipelago and the Lower Kur depression took place under the stresses of longitudinal and transverse bending. The faintly pronounced linearity of the compressional stresses is apparently associated with the formation of the Western Board of the SCD in the form of a regional submeridianal uplift. It developed under the impact of compressional stresses arising from the effect of the northeastern projection of the Arabian plate on the Iranian one. LKD is an onshore extension of the Baku archipelago. Its anticline zones, regional faults, mud volcanism and oil and gas content continue in the latter. The Godin Massif is the easternmost structural element of those considered with a faintly pronounced reflected folding of unknown prospects. Isolines of the isomorphic map are not directly associated with local uplifts, which is indicative of the absence of clearly pronounced compressional stresses here. The analysis made it possible to determine the degree of development of compressional stresses, their impact upon formation of the sedimentary section, folding, mud volcanism and oil and gas content of the considered
{"title":"IMPACT OF COMPRESSIONAL STRESSES WITHIN THE SOUTH CASPIAN MEGADEPRESSION UPON EVOLUTION AND OIL AND GAS CONTENT OF LOCAL UPLIFTS","authors":"V. Gurbanov, N. Narimanov, G. Nasibov","doi":"10.17721/1728-2713.94.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.94.09","url":null,"abstract":"The following structural elements in the South Caspian megadepression (SCMD) have been considered: the interfluve of the Kura and Gabirri, the Absheron and Baku archipelagoes, the Lower Kur depression (LKD) and the Godin massif, that stand out geodynamically, from point of view of structural and tectonic evolution and oil and gas content. To solve this problem, the geodynamic environment of the SCMD has been analyzed based on the geodynamic chart of the Central segment of the Mediterranean folding belt compiled by the author, as well as the orientation chart of compressional stresses in the SCD and the methodology, developed for the first time ever, for their qualitative assessment within the structural elements by means of compiling isomorphic maps. The latter make it possible to determine the intensity and nature of the propagation of compressional stresses, the specifics of their impact on folding, oil and gas generation and formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. The Kur-Gabirri interfluve is situated in the west of the SCMD between the closely located Greater and Lesser Caucasian collisions. It is characterized by oil and gas bearing and potential sublatitudinally oriented linear folds, complicated by faulting and mud volcanism. The values of isolines of the isomorphic map and their density are indicative of high intensity of the north-west oriented compressional stresses here. The Absheron archipelago is a western element of the Absheron-Balkhan residual subduction. According to the isomorphic map with a dense network of isolines of sublatitudinal orientation, the archipelago is complicated by linear folding, as well as thrusts, transverse strike-slip faults, mud volcanism, oil and gas content, and oil and gas manifestations indicating the build-up of intense compressional stresses here. Evolution of folds within the Baku archipelago and the Lower Kur depression took place under the stresses of longitudinal and transverse bending. The faintly pronounced linearity of the compressional stresses is apparently associated with the formation of the Western Board of the SCD in the form of a regional submeridianal uplift. It developed under the impact of compressional stresses arising from the effect of the northeastern projection of the Arabian plate on the Iranian one. LKD is an onshore extension of the Baku archipelago. Its anticline zones, regional faults, mud volcanism and oil and gas content continue in the latter. The Godin Massif is the easternmost structural element of those considered with a faintly pronounced reflected folding of unknown prospects. Isolines of the isomorphic map are not directly associated with local uplifts, which is indicative of the absence of clearly pronounced compressional stresses here. The analysis made it possible to determine the degree of development of compressional stresses, their impact upon formation of the sedimentary section, folding, mud volcanism and oil and gas content of the considered ","PeriodicalId":42798,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv-Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73394564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2713.93.03
V. Ivanchenko, L. Berozkina, V. Stetsenko, L. Kovalchuk
Gold and other heavy minerals often form scaly, leafy, needle-like or split crystals, dendrites of complex shape, individuals and aggregates with a large number of internal cavities. Significant mobility of these particles in water and air streams causes their separation from the psammitic component of sediment and deposition together with clay minerals. During preparatory stages for mineralogical analysis, such crystals of heavy minerals fall into slime part. According to classical algorithm of schlich mineralogical analysis slime part is thrown away. So it leads to losses of rich minerals and an incorrect analysis. The main purpose of the article is to present the new algorithm for the preparation of the bottom sediments samples for the mineralogical analysis and to demonstrate practical benefits of it. Authors propose the meliorated methods of mineralogical analysis considering comprehensive study of test material. The real natural composition of ore minerals in the sediments consists of adding the data "heavy concentrate-1" and "heavy concentrate-2". This provides an increase in industrial value of minerals by 10-30%, compared with the methods of prospecting that operate today. Such detailed analysis showed that modern bottom sediments include both natural components and man-made materials (plastic, polyethylene, synthetic fibers and fabrics, fuel, various types of petroleum products, metallurgical and household waste). Mineralogical analysis can be used as an ecological method for assessing the environmental pollution and reviewing the types of pollutants. The estimation of mineral reserves according to new methodology opens opportunities for profitable field development of poor polymetallic deposits. The study of bottom sediments by such a method indicates the need to clean hydrogeoecosystems and stimulates the development of new recycling methods in the economy and the waste-free production, for example, cleaning beaches from heavy metals and waste, complex sludge processing after dredging works in riverbeds, berths and port waters.
{"title":"SCHLICH MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS FOR RESEARCH OF MODERN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS","authors":"V. Ivanchenko, L. Berozkina, V. Stetsenko, L. Kovalchuk","doi":"10.17721/1728-2713.93.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.93.03","url":null,"abstract":"Gold and other heavy minerals often form scaly, leafy, needle-like or split crystals, dendrites of complex shape, individuals and aggregates with a large number of internal cavities. Significant mobility of these particles in water and air streams causes their separation from the psammitic component of sediment and deposition together with clay minerals. During preparatory stages for mineralogical analysis, such crystals of heavy minerals fall into slime part. According to classical algorithm of schlich mineralogical analysis slime part is thrown away. So it leads to losses of rich minerals and an incorrect analysis. The main purpose of the article is to present the new algorithm for the preparation of the bottom sediments samples for the mineralogical analysis and to demonstrate practical benefits of it. Authors propose the meliorated methods of mineralogical analysis considering comprehensive study of test material. The real natural composition of ore minerals in the sediments consists of adding the data \"heavy concentrate-1\" and \"heavy concentrate-2\". This provides an increase in industrial value of minerals by 10-30%, compared with the methods of prospecting that operate today. Such detailed analysis showed that modern bottom sediments include both natural components and man-made materials (plastic, polyethylene, synthetic fibers and fabrics, fuel, various types of petroleum products, metallurgical and household waste). Mineralogical analysis can be used as an ecological method for assessing the environmental pollution and reviewing the types of pollutants. The estimation of mineral reserves according to new methodology opens opportunities for profitable field development of poor polymetallic deposits. The study of bottom sediments by such a method indicates the need to clean hydrogeoecosystems and stimulates the development of new recycling methods in the economy and the waste-free production, for example, cleaning beaches from heavy metals and waste, complex sludge processing after dredging works in riverbeds, berths and port waters.","PeriodicalId":42798,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv-Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81166848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2713.94.14
O. Shevchenko, D. Khrushchov
Theoretical bases of information support of geological prospecting researches and works on use and protection of underground waters are considered. The methodology of information support is based on the principles of target infogeological structuring of the geological environment on the basis of traditional methods of formational analysis taking into account hydrogeological (hydrodynamic and hydrochemical) components. Prospects for the introduction of a system of frame organization of the geological environment in infogeological modeling are discussed. In the applied sense, research focuses on that part of the underground hydrosphere that is now or in the future able to meet the needs of mankind in drinking, mineral, technical, industrial, thermal waters. The principles of management of groundwater resources based on the ratio of renewable natural (dynamic resources, which make up the majority of open hydrodynamic systems in the zone of intensive water exchange), renewable manmade (artificial or disturbed resources) and non-renewable components (capacitive reserves and semi-closed structures). Accordingly, during the operation of deposits, not only the calculated value of the allowable level reduction but also the "allowable balance" of groundwater should be observed. It is also proposed to define and agree on the boundaries of deposits and boundary conditions. The latter should be responsible not only for the water intake production, but also to demonstrate the degree of hydrodynamic, hydrochemical, geological protection and the risk of quantitative and qualitative depletion. Groundwater extraction must be balanced by restoring their reserves, which can be achieved by combined alternate water use of surface and groundwater sources, the creation of infiltration basins and more. On this conceptual basis, a system of information support for research and work on the use and protection of groundwater is proposed, which in the long run should be as close as possible to world standards.
{"title":"THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF SAVING GROUNDWATER USE INFOGEOFRAMES IN HYDROGEOLOGY","authors":"O. Shevchenko, D. Khrushchov","doi":"10.17721/1728-2713.94.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.94.14","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical bases of information support of geological prospecting researches and works on use and protection of underground waters are considered. The methodology of information support is based on the principles of target infogeological structuring of the geological environment on the basis of traditional methods of formational analysis taking into account hydrogeological (hydrodynamic and hydrochemical) components. Prospects for the introduction of a system of frame organization of the geological environment in infogeological modeling are discussed. In the applied sense, research focuses on that part of the underground hydrosphere that is now or in the future able to meet the needs of mankind in drinking, mineral, technical, industrial, thermal waters. The principles of management of groundwater resources based on the ratio of renewable natural (dynamic resources, which make up the majority of open hydrodynamic systems in the zone of intensive water exchange), renewable manmade (artificial or disturbed resources) and non-renewable components (capacitive reserves and semi-closed structures). Accordingly, during the operation of deposits, not only the calculated value of the allowable level reduction but also the \"allowable balance\" of groundwater should be observed. It is also proposed to define and agree on the boundaries of deposits and boundary conditions. The latter should be responsible not only for the water intake production, but also to demonstrate the degree of hydrodynamic, hydrochemical, geological protection and the risk of quantitative and qualitative depletion. Groundwater extraction must be balanced by restoring their reserves, which can be achieved by combined alternate water use of surface and groundwater sources, the creation of infiltration basins and more. On this conceptual basis, a system of information support for research and work on the use and protection of groundwater is proposed, which in the long run should be as close as possible to world standards.","PeriodicalId":42798,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv-Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76550424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2713.92.15
D. Malytskyy, D. Mikesell
{"title":"THE DETERMINATION OF SOURCE MECHANISMS OF SMALL EARTHQUAKES BY MOMENT TENSOR INVERSION","authors":"D. Malytskyy, D. Mikesell","doi":"10.17721/1728-2713.92.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.92.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42798,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv-Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86927014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2713.95.07
V. Portnov, V. Yurov, N. Reva, A. Mausymbaeva, S. Imanbaeva
According to modern concepts, the surface layer of compounds is understood as the ultrathin cover, the properties, structure and composition are different from the crystalline substrate with this layer and this layer is in thermodynamic equilibrium. The surface layer consists of two layers - d(I) with thickness h = d, at which the phase transition occurs, and d(II) with the lower limit h≈10d, at which the physical properties of the crystal begin to manifest themselves. The thickness of the surface layer d(I) is determined by one fundamental parameter, the molar (atomic) volume of the element (Ʊ= M/ρ, M is molar mass (g/mol), ρ is density (g/cm3)). The average statistical structural unit of coal corresponds to higher fullerenes with the number of carbon atoms in the cluster >100, which is the unique feature of the coal substance, which is not a crystalline structure, but a complex polymer with a supramolecular structure. The thickness of the surface layer of the coal substance is two orders of magnitude greater than the thickness of pure metals and is close to the thickness of the surface layer of higher fullerenes C96 (135 nm). The increasing of the coal substance's porosity of 90 % is led to increasing the thickness d(I) of the surface layer by the order of magnitude, that is 2 microns. In this regard, the "apparent" change in the radius of a coal particle means a change in its mass, proportional to the release of methane from the solid solution. The dependence of the complete decomposition's time of coal methane is τ0 on the parameter |λ|. The equation which is obtained, includes the ratio of the heat flux introduced into the reservoir volume due to the internal heat release process to the heat flux which is carried away from the volume due to thermal conductivity. If this ratio exceeds a certain critical value of the unity's order, the thermal explosion occurs, leading to the decomposition of coal methane. The size effects in the d(I) layer are determined by the entire group of atoms in the system (collective processes). Such "quasi-classical" size effects are observed only in nanoparticles and nanostructures. The d(I) layer for coal matter extends from 151.5 nm (Anthracite) to 214.2 nm (Brown). The dimensional temperature of the carbon nanoparticle at the initial temperature T0 = 300 K will be at least Tm = 872 K. This corresponds to particles of the order of half a micron. Coal particles with the radius of about one micron (or marked half a micron) in the case of decomposition of coal matter are heated to temperatures at which spontaneous combustion of nanoparticles is possible. Hygroscopic moisture in the genetic line of coal has the certain pattern of change and correlates with the thickness of their surface layer.
{"title":"NANOSTRUCTURES IN THE SURFACE LAYERS OF COAL MATTER","authors":"V. Portnov, V. Yurov, N. Reva, A. Mausymbaeva, S. Imanbaeva","doi":"10.17721/1728-2713.95.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.95.07","url":null,"abstract":"According to modern concepts, the surface layer of compounds is understood as the ultrathin cover, the properties, structure and composition are different from the crystalline substrate with this layer and this layer is in thermodynamic equilibrium. The surface layer consists of two layers - d(I) with thickness h = d, at which the phase transition occurs, and d(II) with the lower limit h≈10d, at which the physical properties of the crystal begin to manifest themselves. The thickness of the surface layer d(I) is determined by one fundamental parameter, the molar (atomic) volume of the element (Ʊ= M/ρ, M is molar mass (g/mol), ρ is density (g/cm3)). The average statistical structural unit of coal corresponds to higher fullerenes with the number of carbon atoms in the cluster >100, which is the unique feature of the coal substance, which is not a crystalline structure, but a complex polymer with a supramolecular structure. The thickness of the surface layer of the coal substance is two orders of magnitude greater than the thickness of pure metals and is close to the thickness of the surface layer of higher fullerenes C96 (135 nm). The increasing of the coal substance's porosity of 90 % is led to increasing the thickness d(I) of the surface layer by the order of magnitude, that is 2 microns. In this regard, the \"apparent\" change in the radius of a coal particle means a change in its mass, proportional to the release of methane from the solid solution. The dependence of the complete decomposition's time of coal methane is τ0 on the parameter |λ|. The equation which is obtained, includes the ratio of the heat flux introduced into the reservoir volume due to the internal heat release process to the heat flux which is carried away from the volume due to thermal conductivity. If this ratio exceeds a certain critical value of the unity's order, the thermal explosion occurs, leading to the decomposition of coal methane. The size effects in the d(I) layer are determined by the entire group of atoms in the system (collective processes). Such \"quasi-classical\" size effects are observed only in nanoparticles and nanostructures. The d(I) layer for coal matter extends from 151.5 nm (Anthracite) to 214.2 nm (Brown). The dimensional temperature of the carbon nanoparticle at the initial temperature T0 = 300 K will be at least Tm = 872 K. This corresponds to particles of the order of half a micron. Coal particles with the radius of about one micron (or marked half a micron) in the case of decomposition of coal matter are heated to temperatures at which spontaneous combustion of nanoparticles is possible. Hygroscopic moisture in the genetic line of coal has the certain pattern of change and correlates with the thickness of their surface layer.","PeriodicalId":42798,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv-Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82497701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2713.92.14
E. Yaroshovets, E. Remezova
It is known that currently the content of organic and inorganic toxic impurities in natural objects is several times higher than the maximum allowable concentration, resulting in increased recreational load. The article is devoted to the topical ecological problem of water and soil pollution by emergency oil spills and oil products. Contaminated water has a negative effect on humans, aquatic life, plants, microorganisms and adjacent areas. Peculiarities of oil pollution of aquatic ecosystems are given and methods of water treatment by use of sorbents are considered. One of the most promising and effective methods of water purification - sorption, using vegetable raw materials, peat - is considered and analyzed. The effectiveness of such sorbents in the elimination of oil pollution has been established. The problem of cleaning water bodies, replacing scarce and expensive filters from synthetic and other materials with cheaper and more available from local raw materials are now becoming particularly acute and relevant. It should be noted that obtaining these sorbents is expedient in environmental and economic terms due to the low cost of materials, easiness of production, high sorption properties, the possibility of recycling. The economic possibility of Manevychi district for the development of peat raw materials for further placement of the enterprise for the production of peat sorbents is analyzed. Information on general technical properties of peat of Koza-Berezina deposit in Manevychi district of Volyn region is analyzed. The article considers the ecological and economic feasibility and proposes the use of peat in the region in the production of oil sorbents.
{"title":"ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE PEAT SORBENTS USAGE FOR SOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS","authors":"E. Yaroshovets, E. Remezova","doi":"10.17721/1728-2713.92.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.92.14","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that currently the content of organic and inorganic toxic impurities in natural objects is several times higher than the maximum allowable concentration, resulting in increased recreational load. The article is devoted to the topical ecological problem of water and soil pollution by emergency oil spills and oil products. Contaminated water has a negative effect on humans, aquatic life, plants, microorganisms and adjacent areas. Peculiarities of oil pollution of aquatic ecosystems are given and methods of water treatment by use of sorbents are considered. One of the most promising and effective methods of water purification - sorption, using vegetable raw materials, peat - is considered and analyzed. The effectiveness of such sorbents in the elimination of oil pollution has been established. The problem of cleaning water bodies, replacing scarce and expensive filters from synthetic and other materials with cheaper and more available from local raw materials are now becoming particularly acute and relevant. It should be noted that obtaining these sorbents is expedient in environmental and economic terms due to the low cost of materials, easiness of production, high sorption properties, the possibility of recycling. The economic possibility of Manevychi district for the development of peat raw materials for further placement of the enterprise for the production of peat sorbents is analyzed. Information on general technical properties of peat of Koza-Berezina deposit in Manevychi district of Volyn region is analyzed. The article considers the ecological and economic feasibility and proposes the use of peat in the region in the production of oil sorbents.","PeriodicalId":42798,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv-Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84647002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17721/1728-2713.94.12
I. Tagiyev, V. Kerimov, J. Sherifov
Issues of global warming lead to dramatic changes in hydrological and hydrogeological conditions. The Caspian Sea and mountain ranges have a great influence on the formation of the climate. Many believed that climate models and predictions are probabilistic in nature, but some will think that global climate change is important today. It is necessary to take into account that climate change is global, it occurs everywhere on our planet and affects every state and every person. Purpose: Clarification of the influence of the relief and the proximity of the Caspian Sea which determines the differences and distribution of air temperature, precipitation and other climate elements. The annual amount of precipitation falls in the cold half of the year in the form of snow, the melting of which causes violent spring floods on the rivers, evaporation and sufficient relative moisture. The characteristics of climatic zones show their close relationship with the nature of the relief and with the hypsometric position of the terrain above sea level. Ground waters within the Greater, Lesser Caucasus and Talysh are distributed everywhere. In the Greater Caucasus, there are mainly distributed gravels of the Kusar Formation (QIV), and within the Khvalynskaya, Khazar, Bakinskaya and Kusarskaya formations, clay interlayers divide the general flow of groundwater into several horizons of pressure water, the same pattern also takes place in the Lesser Caucasus and Talysh. Climate change, the nature of precipitation distribution, the growing season of plants, pH-pH, an increase in the average global temperature causing various side effects, the frequency of extreme weather events, a rise or decrease in the water level, ultimately all this affects all elements of the hydrological river systems and calculated industrial reserves of groundwater. Deforestation contributes to global warming and one of the main reasons for the intensification of the greenhouse effect, negatively affects the water cycle, the transpiration process stops. We should participate in the process of reducing CO2 emissions, pay attention to the increase of forest areas, reduction of water pollution, transfer to unconventional renewable solar and wind power, accelerate the introduction of alternative energy deposits of thermal waters.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL MASSIVES OF THE GREATER, LITTLE CAUCASUS AND TALYSH (AZERBAIJAN) TAKING INTO ACCOUNT GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE","authors":"I. Tagiyev, V. Kerimov, J. Sherifov","doi":"10.17721/1728-2713.94.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.94.12","url":null,"abstract":"Issues of global warming lead to dramatic changes in hydrological and hydrogeological conditions. The Caspian Sea and mountain ranges have a great influence on the formation of the climate. Many believed that climate models and predictions are probabilistic in nature, but some will think that global climate change is important today. It is necessary to take into account that climate change is global, it occurs everywhere on our planet and affects every state and every person. Purpose: Clarification of the influence of the relief and the proximity of the Caspian Sea which determines the differences and distribution of air temperature, precipitation and other climate elements. The annual amount of precipitation falls in the cold half of the year in the form of snow, the melting of which causes violent spring floods on the rivers, evaporation and sufficient relative moisture. The characteristics of climatic zones show their close relationship with the nature of the relief and with the hypsometric position of the terrain above sea level. Ground waters within the Greater, Lesser Caucasus and Talysh are distributed everywhere. In the Greater Caucasus, there are mainly distributed gravels of the Kusar Formation (QIV), and within the Khvalynskaya, Khazar, Bakinskaya and Kusarskaya formations, clay interlayers divide the general flow of groundwater into several horizons of pressure water, the same pattern also takes place in the Lesser Caucasus and Talysh. Climate change, the nature of precipitation distribution, the growing season of plants, pH-pH, an increase in the average global temperature causing various side effects, the frequency of extreme weather events, a rise or decrease in the water level, ultimately all this affects all elements of the hydrological river systems and calculated industrial reserves of groundwater. Deforestation contributes to global warming and one of the main reasons for the intensification of the greenhouse effect, negatively affects the water cycle, the transpiration process stops. We should participate in the process of reducing CO2 emissions, pay attention to the increase of forest areas, reduction of water pollution, transfer to unconventional renewable solar and wind power, accelerate the introduction of alternative energy deposits of thermal waters.","PeriodicalId":42798,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv-Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84656625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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