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Jaroslav Švelch. Gaming the Iron Curtain: How Teenagers and Amateurs in Communist Czechoslovakia Claimed the Medium of Computer Games. Cambridge, МА: MIT Press, 2018 书中Švelch。游戏铁幕:共产主义捷克斯洛伐克的青少年和业余爱好者如何宣称电脑游戏的媒介。剑桥,МА:麻省理工学院出版社,2018
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2021-13-2-310-313
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引用次数: 0
Ayşe Gül Altınay, María José Contreras, Marianne Hirsch, Jean Howard, Banu Karaca, and Alisa Solomon, eds. Women Mobilizing Memory. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019 ay<e:1> g<e:1> l Altınay, María josise Contreras, Marianne Hirsch, Jean Howard, Banu Karaca和Alisa Solomon编。女性动员记忆。纽约:哥伦比亚大学出版社,2019
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-26 DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-216-222
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引用次数: 0
Internet Communication and Translocal Migration: The Case of Dagestan 互联网传播与跨地区移民:以达吉斯坦为例
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-26 DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-26-51
E. Kapustina
The article examines the mechanisms of functioning of internet communication and social networks in the translocal rural communities of Dagestan, a Russian Federation region in the North Caucasus, whose members have been participating in the labor migration to industrial Russian cities. Huge distances and various sociocultural and economic differences between the sending and the receiving societies pose a challenge to the unity of the rural community, djamaat. Rural identity is salient for migrants: they preserve the principle of rural endogamy, bury all the dead migrants in their village, spend money and time on the development of the village, and create public organizations of fellow villagers. The article focuses on the practice of using mobile social networks—Facebook and its Russian counterparts—by transmigrants, their families, and fellow villagers. Social media provide everyday family communication and serve as a platform for performing important social rites such as finding a bride, matchmaking, remitting money for condolences, as well as transferring important information between migrants and those living in the village. Rural chats consolidate the community and formulate the idea of the unity and also become power and economic resources for migrants. At the same time, the villagers’ chats are the places where the laws of reputation are at work, therefore they can also demonstrate positive or negative social capital and carry a danger for migrants, especially for women.Article in RussianDOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-26-51
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引用次数: 0
The “Ethnic” Markets of Irkutsk: Production and Transformation of Urban Social Space 伊尔库茨克“民族”市场:城市社会空间的生产与转化
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-26 DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-70-99
D. Bryazgina
Статья посвящена изучению роли «этнических» рынков в процессах городских трансформаций. Случай Иркутска наглядно демонстрируют процесс интеграции рынков в повседневность города и их превращение в часть городской инфраструктуры. «Этнические» рынки как особый феномен городской жизни представляют собой сложный комплекс социальных, экономических и межэтнических взаимоотношений. Целью исследования является анализ этнически маркированных рынков как специфических локальностей и важной составляющей городского пространства. В основе анализа лежит концепция конструирования социального пространства Анри Лефевра, которая позволяет рассматривать рынки как комплекс разнонаправленных процессов, определяющих формы и содержание социальных взаимодействий. Социально-антропологический фокус исследования позволяет рассматривать «этнические» рынки как особые локальности, включенные в различные системы координат. Анализ включает не только физическое, но и ментальное, и социальное пространства, обеспечивает более глубокие и систематизированные обобщения, а типичность кейса позволяет генерализировать выводы и применять их к анализу феномена в целом. Анализ материалов, полученных в результате исследования иркутских «этнических» рынков, позволяет утверждать, что рынки имеют существенное значение для города, оказывая влияние на организацию пространства. Важнейшими составляющими здесь является функция притяжения людей, товаров и других элементов, участвующих в реализации повседневных практик города, а также пересечение множества социальных и инфраструктурных сетей, которое обеспечивает высокую плотность взаимодействий.Статья на русском языкеDOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-70-99
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引用次数: 0
Dmitry Adamsky. Russian Nuclear Orthodoxy: Religion, Politics, and Strategy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2019 德米特里•Adamsky。俄罗斯核正统:宗教、政治和战略。加州斯坦福:斯坦福大学出版社,2019
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-26 DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-196-201
N. Mitrokhin
Книга Дмитрия Адамского посвящена взаимоотношениям современной Русской православной церкви (РПЦ) с различными российскими институциями, так или иначе связанными с ядерной тематикой. Это безусловно новаторская идея: посмотреть, как крупнейшая религиозная организация в России (и на постсоветском пространстве в целом) взаимодействует с ведомствами, занятыми изготовлением и эксплуатацией атомного оружия. Действительно, 30 лет посткоммунистического развития России РПЦ целенаправленно лоббирует выгодные для себя инициативы в различных сферах – международной и внутренней политике, медицине, образовании, культуре, армии, экономике, развитии местных сообществ, благотворительности, – а вот обобщающих работ о том, зачем она это делает и что у нее получается, очень немного. Да и те, что появляются, довольно быстро устаревают, не успевая за стремительным развитием событий.Текст на русском языкеDOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-196-201
这本书是关于现代俄罗斯东正教(rpc)与各种俄罗斯机构的关系的。这无疑是一个创新的想法:看看俄罗斯最大的宗教组织(以及整个后苏联空间)是如何与核武器制造和使用的机构互动的。事实上,俄罗斯后共产主义发展30年来,rpc在国际和国内政策、医学、教育、文化、军队、经济、地方社区发展、慈善等各领域积极游说有利的举措,但其目的和作用却很少。是的,那些出现的很快就过时了,没有跟上事态的发展。俄语文本:10.2528 /2078-1938-2020-12-3-196-201
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引用次数: 1
What Metaphors Hide: Pest Control and Anti-Migrant Sentiments in a Hungarian Village 隐喻隐藏了什么:匈牙利村庄的害虫控制和反移民情绪
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-26 DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-5-25
T. Safonova
In 2016 the Hungarian authorities launched an anti-migrant media campaign in reaction to the migrant crisis when thousands of refugees entered the country. Some news programs depicted migrants as dangerous masses and created visual analogies with pests. In this article I propose to view the meaning of this metaphor from the other side, that of gardens, used as models for the state. My question is: What do metaphors of pests hide and why do they become so popular in situations of crisis? Through ethnography, I show how personal gardening experiences are filled with anxiety, fear, pleasure, and pain and how the resources and positions of gardeners shape their strategies in the struggle against pests. The metaphor of migrant as pest has a painful history of being used by the Nazi regime, but despite its bad reputation, it is still in demand. My ethnographic observations lead me to a conclusion that this metaphor conceals but simultaneouslyredeems the idea of private property and helps to describe crisis as a danger to the established order without explicitly problematizing this order’s own controversies. When citizens are invited to deliberate and express their opinion in a referendum on how to deal with migrants, who are presented as parasites, these citizen receive an unprecedentedpower to choose who stays and who is not welcome in their state. This populist approach transforms the “gardening state” into a “state of gardeners,” in which the struggle with “weeds” and “pests” becomes an ordinary duty of every citizen rather than an authoritative task of state institutions, as it was previously described by Zygmunt Bauman, the author of the “gardening state” concept.Article in EnglishDOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-5-25
2016年,匈牙利当局发起了一场反移民媒体运动,以应对数千名难民进入该国的移民危机。一些新闻节目将移民描绘成危险的群体,并将其与害虫进行视觉类比。在这篇文章中,我建议从另一个角度来看待这个隐喻的意义,即作为国家模型的花园。我的问题是:害虫的隐喻隐藏了什么?为什么它们在危机情况下变得如此流行?通过民族志,我展示了个人园艺经历是如何充满焦虑、恐惧、快乐和痛苦的,以及园丁的资源和地位如何塑造了他们与害虫斗争的策略。纳粹政权曾把移民比喻成害虫,这是一段痛苦的历史,但尽管名声不好,它仍然很受欢迎。我的民族志观察让我得出这样一个结论,这个比喻隐藏了私有财产的概念,但同时又挽救了私有财产的概念,并有助于将危机描述为对既定秩序的危险,而没有明确地将这个秩序本身的争议问题化。当公民被邀请就如何对待被视为寄生虫的移民进行公投时,他们获得了前所未有的权力来选择谁留在他们的国家,谁不受欢迎。这种民粹主义的方法将“园艺之国”转变为“园丁之国”,在这种状态下,与“杂草”和“害虫”的斗争成为每个公民的普通义务,而不是像“园艺之国”概念的作者齐格蒙特·鲍曼(Zygmunt Bauman)之前所描述的那样,是国家机构的权威任务。doi: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-5-25
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引用次数: 0
Robert Hassan. The Condition of Digitality: A Post-Modern Marxism for the Practice of Digital Life. London: University of Westminster Press, 2020 罗伯特·哈桑。数字化的条件:数字生活实践的后现代马克思主义。伦敦:威斯敏斯特大学出版社,2020
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-26 DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-227-230
T. Martynenko
Сегодня в социальных науках трудно найти работу, в которой так или иначе не рассматривалось бы влияние новейших цифровых технологий на современные общества. Публикации в ведущих журналах изобилуют анализом статистических данных о доступе к технологиям, уровне цифровизации и социальных последствиях, которые следуют за распространением «цифры». Эти работы во многом носят прикладной характер. Тем интереснее для современного исследователя новая книга австралийского социолога Роберта Хассана. Работу отличает целый спектр теоретико-методологических вопросов, ответы на которые, по мнению автора, позволят нам лучше понять современность.Text in RussianDOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-227-230
如今,社会科学很难找到一份不考虑现代数字技术对现代社会影响的工作。主流期刊上的出版物充斥着对“数字”传播后的技术获取、数字化水平和社会影响的统计数据的分析。这些作品在很大程度上是应用的。对现代学者来说,澳大利亚社会学家罗伯特·哈桑的新书更有趣。这项工作涉及一系列理论方法问题,作者认为这些问题的答案将使我们更好地理解现代。俄罗斯的Text: 102528 /2078-1938-2020-12- 3227 -230
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引用次数: 0
Joachim Otto Habeck, ed. Lifestyle in Siberia and the Russian North. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2019 约阿希姆·奥托·哈贝克编:《西伯利亚和俄罗斯北部的生活方式》。剑桥:开放图书出版社,2019
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-26 DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-223-226
Andreas J. Keller
Lifestyle in Siberia and the Russian North, edited by Joachim Otto Habeck, illuminates a wide variety of recent lifestyles in Siberia and the Russian North. Discussing and elaborating the concept of lifestyles theoretically, the volume analyses the effect of changes in infrastructure and technology on lifestyles that the region has experienced in the last decades. The ten anthropologists who contributed to this volume pay particular attention to how habits of travel and visual self-representation changed over time. The research presented in the volume was conducted in 2008–2012 as part of the research project “Conditions and Limitations of Lifestyle Plurality in Siberia,” within the organizational framework of the Siberian Studies Centre of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Germany.Текст на английском языкеDOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-223-226
由约阿希姆·奥托·哈贝克编辑的《西伯利亚和俄罗斯北部的生活方式》阐明了西伯利亚和俄罗斯北部最近各种各样的生活方式。本书从理论上讨论和阐述了生活方式的概念,分析了该地区在过去几十年中经历的基础设施和技术变化对生活方式的影响。撰写本书的十位人类学家特别关注旅行习惯和视觉自我表现是如何随着时间而改变的。本书中的研究是作为“西伯利亚生活方式多元性的条件和限制”研究项目的一部分,在德国马克斯普朗克社会人类学研究所西伯利亚研究中心的组织框架内进行的,于2008-2012年进行。ТекстнаанглийскомязыкеDOI: 10.25285 / 2078-1938-2020-12-3-223-226
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引用次数: 0
Ekaterina Makhotina. Prelomleniia pamaiti: Vtoraia mirovaia voina v memorial'noi kul'ture sovremennoi i postsovetskoi Litvy. Saint Petersburg: Izdatel'stvo Evropeiskogo universiteta v Sankt-Peterburge, 2020
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-26 DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-231-234
Vladislav Staf
Вторая мировая война оказалась крайне тяжелым периодом в литовской истории не только из-за разрушений и гибели сотен тысяч литовцев, но и в связи с последующим формированием исторической памяти о ней. Сегодня к событиям Второй мировой войны в Литве относят разные по характеру, но близкие по хронологии события. В их числе и присоединение (сегодня это чаще называют оккупацией с последующей аннексией) страны к СССР в 1940 году, и депортации начала лета 1941 года, и немецкая оккупация, и деятельность литовских партизан, и Холокост, в котором участвовали сами литовцы. При этом на формирование исторической памяти оказало влияние и то, что Вильнюс (Вильно) перед войной был в составе Польской Республики, а третий по величине город современной Литвы Клайпеда (Мемель) стал частью Литовской ССР лишь в 1945 году. Выработать единый нарратив о войне при таком количестве событий едва ли представляется возможным.Text in RussianDOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-231-234
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引用次数: 0
The Narratives of Local Children and Newly Arriving Forced Migrant Children about Their Mutual Contacts and Friendships in German Primary Schools 德国小学当地儿童与新来的被迫移民儿童相互交往与友谊的叙述
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-26 DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-52-69
Caterina Rohde-Abuba
Even though almost half of the forced migrant population that entered Germany during the last several years are minors, research about the perspective of children on forced migration is very scarce. Drawing on childhood studies, which regard children as being capable of social thinking and acting, and generational theories, which scrutinize how childhood constitutes a common “social space,” this article aims to analyze narratives of local and forced migrant primary school children on flight and integration. Current regulations of the German educational system insert forced migrant children into the regular school system. Within the restrictive framework of schools, which disadvantage newly arriving migrant children by focusing on their German language skills as the primary marker of their educational potential and success, friendship making is the sphere where children can have agency. Children construct the school as their common generational space and discuss flight as the experience of “being new in school.” This allows children to acknowledge their different biographical backgrounds but empathize with each other and identify as generational members through their subjection to the educational system. Local and forced migrant children bridge language differences by performing their friendships through language-learning rituals. Hence, the public primary school system sets preconditions for the structural integration of local and migrant children, but the most important actors who “do integration” as a social process are children themselves.Article in EnglishDOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-52-69
尽管在过去几年中进入德国的被迫移民人口中几乎有一半是未成年人,但关于儿童对被迫移民的看法的研究非常少。儿童研究认为儿童具有社会思考和行为的能力,而代际理论则审视儿童如何构成一个共同的“社会空间”,本文旨在分析本地和被迫流动的小学儿童在逃亡和融入过程中的叙述。德国现行的教育制度规定强迫移民儿童进入正规学校系统。在学校的限制框架下,新到的移民儿童由于关注他们的德语技能作为他们教育潜力和成功的主要标志而处于不利地位,交朋友是孩子们可以拥有代理的领域。孩子们将学校构建为他们共同的世代空间,并将飞行作为“在学校成为新人”的体验来讨论。这让孩子们承认他们不同的传记背景,但相互同情,并通过他们对教育系统的服从来识别作为代际成员。当地和被迫移民儿童通过语言学习仪式来建立友谊,从而弥合语言差异。因此,公立小学系统为本地儿童和流动儿童的结构性融合设定了先决条件,但将“融合”作为一种社会过程的最重要角色是儿童本身。doi: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-52-69
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引用次数: 0
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Laboratorium-Russian Review of Social Research
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