Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2021-13-2-310-313
{"title":"Jaroslav Švelch. Gaming the Iron Curtain: How Teenagers and Amateurs in Communist Czechoslovakia Claimed the Medium of Computer Games. Cambridge, МА: MIT Press, 2018","authors":"","doi":"10.25285/2078-1938-2021-13-2-310-313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25285/2078-1938-2021-13-2-310-313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42805,"journal":{"name":"Laboratorium-Russian Review of Social Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87858675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-216-222
{"title":"Ayşe Gül Altınay, María José Contreras, Marianne Hirsch, Jean Howard, Banu Karaca, and Alisa Solomon, eds. Women Mobilizing Memory. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019","authors":"","doi":"10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-216-222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-216-222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42805,"journal":{"name":"Laboratorium-Russian Review of Social Research","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73516869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-26-51
E. Kapustina
The article examines the mechanisms of functioning of internet communication and social networks in the translocal rural communities of Dagestan, a Russian Federation region in the North Caucasus, whose members have been participating in the labor migration to industrial Russian cities. Huge distances and various sociocultural and economic differences between the sending and the receiving societies pose a challenge to the unity of the rural community, djamaat. Rural identity is salient for migrants: they preserve the principle of rural endogamy, bury all the dead migrants in their village, spend money and time on the development of the village, and create public organizations of fellow villagers. The article focuses on the practice of using mobile social networks—Facebook and its Russian counterparts—by transmigrants, their families, and fellow villagers. Social media provide everyday family communication and serve as a platform for performing important social rites such as finding a bride, matchmaking, remitting money for condolences, as well as transferring important information between migrants and those living in the village. Rural chats consolidate the community and formulate the idea of the unity and also become power and economic resources for migrants. At the same time, the villagers’ chats are the places where the laws of reputation are at work, therefore they can also demonstrate positive or negative social capital and carry a danger for migrants, especially for women. Article in Russian DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-26-51
{"title":"Internet Communication and Translocal Migration: The Case of Dagestan","authors":"E. Kapustina","doi":"10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-26-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-26-51","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the mechanisms of functioning of internet communication and social networks in the translocal rural communities of Dagestan, a Russian Federation region in the North Caucasus, whose members have been participating in the labor migration to industrial Russian cities. Huge distances and various sociocultural and economic differences between the sending and the receiving societies pose a challenge to the unity of the rural community, djamaat. Rural identity is salient for migrants: they preserve the principle of rural endogamy, bury all the dead migrants in their village, spend money and time on the development of the village, and create public organizations of fellow villagers. The article focuses on the practice of using mobile social networks—Facebook and its Russian counterparts—by transmigrants, their families, and fellow villagers. Social media provide everyday family communication and serve as a platform for performing important social rites such as finding a bride, matchmaking, remitting money for condolences, as well as transferring important information between migrants and those living in the village. Rural chats consolidate the community and formulate the idea of the unity and also become power and economic resources for migrants. At the same time, the villagers’ chats are the places where the laws of reputation are at work, therefore they can also demonstrate positive or negative social capital and carry a danger for migrants, especially for women.\u0000Article in Russian\u0000DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-26-51","PeriodicalId":42805,"journal":{"name":"Laboratorium-Russian Review of Social Research","volume":"26 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72471174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-196-201
N. Mitrokhin
Книга Дмитрия Адамского посвящена взаимоотношениям современной Русской православной церкви (РПЦ) с различными российскими институциями, так или иначе связанными с ядерной тематикой. Это безусловно новаторская идея: посмотреть, как крупнейшая религиозная организация в России (и на постсоветском пространстве в целом) взаимодействует с ведомствами, занятыми изготовлением и эксплуатацией атомного оружия. Действительно, 30 лет посткоммунистического развития России РПЦ целенаправленно лоббирует выгодные для себя инициативы в различных сферах – международной и внутренней политике, медицине, образовании, культуре, армии, экономике, развитии местных сообществ, благотворительности, – а вот обобщающих работ о том, зачем она это делает и что у нее получается, очень немного. Да и те, что появляются, довольно быстро устаревают, не успевая за стремительным развитием событий. Текст на русском языке DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-196-201
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Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-70-99
D. Bryazgina
Статья посвящена изучению роли «этнических» рынков в процессах городских трансформаций. Случай Иркутска наглядно демонстрируют процесс интеграции рынков в повседневность города и их превращение в часть городской инфраструктуры. «Этнические» рынки как особый феномен городской жизни представляют собой сложный комплекс социальных, экономических и межэтнических взаимоотношений. Целью исследования является анализ этнически маркированных рынков как специфических локальностей и важной составляющей городского пространства. В основе анализа лежит концепция конструирования социального пространства Анри Лефевра, которая позволяет рассматривать рынки как комплекс разнонаправленных процессов, определяющих формы и содержание социальных взаимодействий. Социально-антропологический фокус исследования позволяет рассматривать «этнические» рынки как особые локальности, включенные в различные системы координат. Анализ включает не только физическое, но и ментальное, и социальное пространства, обеспечивает более глубокие и систематизированные обобщения, а типичность кейса позволяет генерализировать выводы и применять их к анализу феномена в целом. Анализ материалов, полученных в результате исследования иркутских «этнических» рынков, позволяет утверждать, что рынки имеют существенное значение для города, оказывая влияние на организацию пространства. Важнейшими составляющими здесь является функция притяжения людей, товаров и других элементов, участвующих в реализации повседневных практик города, а также пересечение множества социальных и инфраструктурных сетей, которое обеспечивает высокую плотность взаимодействий. Статья на русском языке DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-70-99
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Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-5-25
T. Safonova
In 2016 the Hungarian authorities launched an anti-migrant media campaign in reaction to the migrant crisis when thousands of refugees entered the country. Some news programs depicted migrants as dangerous masses and created visual analogies with pests. In this article I propose to view the meaning of this metaphor from the other side, that of gardens, used as models for the state. My question is: What do metaphors of pests hide and why do they become so popular in situations of crisis? Through ethnography, I show how personal gardening experiences are filled with anxiety, fear, pleasure, and pain and how the resources and positions of gardeners shape their strategies in the struggle against pests. The metaphor of migrant as pest has a painful history of being used by the Nazi regime, but despite its bad reputation, it is still in demand. My ethnographic observations lead me to a conclusion that this metaphor conceals but simultaneouslyredeems the idea of private property and helps to describe crisis as a danger to the established order without explicitly problematizing this order’s own controversies. When citizens are invited to deliberate and express their opinion in a referendum on how to deal with migrants, who are presented as parasites, these citizen receive an unprecedentedpower to choose who stays and who is not welcome in their state. This populist approach transforms the “gardening state” into a “state of gardeners,” in which the struggle with “weeds” and “pests” becomes an ordinary duty of every citizen rather than an authoritative task of state institutions, as it was previously described by Zygmunt Bauman, the author of the “gardening state” concept. Article in English DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-5-25
{"title":"What Metaphors Hide: Pest Control and Anti-Migrant Sentiments in a Hungarian Village","authors":"T. Safonova","doi":"10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-5-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-5-25","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016 the Hungarian authorities launched an anti-migrant media campaign in reaction to the migrant crisis when thousands of refugees entered the country. Some news programs depicted migrants as dangerous masses and created visual analogies with pests. In this article I propose to view the meaning of this metaphor from the other side, that of gardens, used as models for the state. My question is: What do metaphors of pests hide and why do they become so popular in situations of crisis? Through ethnography, I show how personal gardening experiences are filled with anxiety, fear, pleasure, and pain and how the resources and positions of gardeners shape their strategies in the struggle against pests. The metaphor of migrant as pest has a painful history of being used by the Nazi regime, but despite its bad reputation, it is still in demand. My ethnographic observations lead me to a conclusion that this metaphor conceals but simultaneouslyredeems the idea of private property and helps to describe crisis as a danger to the established order without explicitly problematizing this order’s own controversies. When citizens are invited to deliberate and express their opinion in a referendum on how to deal with migrants, who are presented as parasites, these citizen receive an unprecedentedpower to choose who stays and who is not welcome in their state. This populist approach transforms the “gardening state” into a “state of gardeners,” in which the struggle with “weeds” and “pests” becomes an ordinary duty of every citizen rather than an authoritative task of state institutions, as it was previously described by Zygmunt Bauman, the author of the “gardening state” concept.\u0000Article in English\u0000DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-5-25","PeriodicalId":42805,"journal":{"name":"Laboratorium-Russian Review of Social Research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91369034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-227-230
T. Martynenko
Сегодня в социальных науках трудно найти работу, в которой так или иначе не рассматривалось бы влияние новейших цифровых технологий на современные общества. Публикации в ведущих журналах изобилуют анализом статистических данных о доступе к технологиям, уровне цифровизации и социальных последствиях, которые следуют за распространением «цифры». Эти работы во многом носят прикладной характер. Тем интереснее для современного исследователя новая книга австралийского социолога Роберта Хассана. Работу отличает целый спектр теоретико-методологических вопросов, ответы на которые, по мнению автора, позволят нам лучше понять современность. Text in Russian DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-227-230
{"title":"Robert Hassan. The Condition of Digitality: A Post-Modern Marxism for the Practice of Digital Life. London: University of Westminster Press, 2020","authors":"T. Martynenko","doi":"10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-227-230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-227-230","url":null,"abstract":"Сегодня в социальных науках трудно найти работу, в которой так или иначе не рассматривалось бы влияние новейших цифровых технологий на современные общества. Публикации в ведущих журналах изобилуют анализом статистических данных о доступе к технологиям, уровне цифровизации и социальных последствиях, которые следуют за распространением «цифры». Эти работы во многом носят прикладной характер. Тем интереснее для современного исследователя новая книга австралийского социолога Роберта Хассана. Работу отличает целый спектр теоретико-методологических вопросов, ответы на которые, по мнению автора, позволят нам лучше понять современность.\u0000Text in Russian\u0000DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-227-230","PeriodicalId":42805,"journal":{"name":"Laboratorium-Russian Review of Social Research","volume":"50 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84564329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-231-234
Vladislav Staf
Вторая мировая война оказалась крайне тяжелым периодом в литовской истории не только из-за разрушений и гибели сотен тысяч литовцев, но и в связи с последующим формированием исторической памяти о ней. Сегодня к событиям Второй мировой войны в Литве относят разные по характеру, но близкие по хронологии события. В их числе и присоединение (сегодня это чаще называют оккупацией с последующей аннексией) страны к СССР в 1940 году, и депортации начала лета 1941 года, и немецкая оккупация, и деятельность литовских партизан, и Холокост, в котором участвовали сами литовцы. При этом на формирование исторической памяти оказало влияние и то, что Вильнюс (Вильно) перед войной был в составе Польской Республики, а третий по величине город современной Литвы Клайпеда (Мемель) стал частью Литовской ССР лишь в 1945 году. Выработать единый нарратив о войне при таком количестве событий едва ли представляется возможным. Text in Russian DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-231-234
{"title":"Ekaterina Makhotina. Prelomleniia pamaiti: Vtoraia mirovaia voina v memorial'noi kul'ture sovremennoi i postsovetskoi Litvy. Saint Petersburg: Izdatel'stvo Evropeiskogo universiteta v Sankt-Peterburge, 2020","authors":"Vladislav Staf","doi":"10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-231-234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-231-234","url":null,"abstract":"Вторая мировая война оказалась крайне тяжелым периодом в литовской истории не только из-за разрушений и гибели сотен тысяч литовцев, но и в связи с последующим формированием исторической памяти о ней. Сегодня к событиям Второй мировой войны в Литве относят разные по характеру, но близкие по хронологии события. В их числе и присоединение (сегодня это чаще называют оккупацией с последующей аннексией) страны к СССР в 1940 году, и депортации начала лета 1941 года, и немецкая оккупация, и деятельность литовских партизан, и Холокост, в котором участвовали сами литовцы. При этом на формирование исторической памяти оказало влияние и то, что Вильнюс (Вильно) перед войной был в составе Польской Республики, а третий по величине город современной Литвы Клайпеда (Мемель) стал частью Литовской ССР лишь в 1945 году. Выработать единый нарратив о войне при таком количестве событий едва ли представляется возможным.\u0000Text in Russian\u0000DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-231-234","PeriodicalId":42805,"journal":{"name":"Laboratorium-Russian Review of Social Research","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77032402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-223-226
Andreas J. Keller
Lifestyle in Siberia and the Russian North, edited by Joachim Otto Habeck, illuminates a wide variety of recent lifestyles in Siberia and the Russian North. Discussing and elaborating the concept of lifestyles theoretically, the volume analyses the effect of changes in infrastructure and technology on lifestyles that the region has experienced in the last decades. The ten anthropologists who contributed to this volume pay particular attention to how habits of travel and visual self-representation changed over time. The research presented in the volume was conducted in 2008–2012 as part of the research project “Conditions and Limitations of Lifestyle Plurality in Siberia,” within the organizational framework of the Siberian Studies Centre of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Germany. Текст на английском языке DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-223-226
{"title":"Joachim Otto Habeck, ed. Lifestyle in Siberia and the Russian North. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2019","authors":"Andreas J. Keller","doi":"10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-223-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-223-226","url":null,"abstract":"Lifestyle in Siberia and the Russian North, edited by Joachim Otto Habeck, illuminates a wide variety of recent lifestyles in Siberia and the Russian North. Discussing and elaborating the concept of lifestyles theoretically, the volume analyses the effect of changes in infrastructure and technology on lifestyles that the region has experienced in the last decades. The ten anthropologists who contributed to this volume pay particular attention to how habits of travel and visual self-representation changed over time. The research presented in the volume was conducted in 2008–2012 as part of the research project “Conditions and Limitations of Lifestyle Plurality in Siberia,” within the organizational framework of the Siberian Studies Centre of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Germany.\u0000Текст на английском языке\u0000DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-223-226","PeriodicalId":42805,"journal":{"name":"Laboratorium-Russian Review of Social Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72590699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-52-69
Caterina Rohde-Abuba
Even though almost half of the forced migrant population that entered Germany during the last several years are minors, research about the perspective of children on forced migration is very scarce. Drawing on childhood studies, which regard children as being capable of social thinking and acting, and generational theories, which scrutinize how childhood constitutes a common “social space,” this article aims to analyze narratives of local and forced migrant primary school children on flight and integration. Current regulations of the German educational system insert forced migrant children into the regular school system. Within the restrictive framework of schools, which disadvantage newly arriving migrant children by focusing on their German language skills as the primary marker of their educational potential and success, friendship making is the sphere where children can have agency. Children construct the school as their common generational space and discuss flight as the experience of “being new in school.” This allows children to acknowledge their different biographical backgrounds but empathize with each other and identify as generational members through their subjection to the educational system. Local and forced migrant children bridge language differences by performing their friendships through language-learning rituals. Hence, the public primary school system sets preconditions for the structural integration of local and migrant children, but the most important actors who “do integration” as a social process are children themselves. Article in English DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-52-69
{"title":"The Narratives of Local Children and Newly Arriving Forced Migrant Children about Their Mutual Contacts and Friendships in German Primary Schools","authors":"Caterina Rohde-Abuba","doi":"10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-52-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-52-69","url":null,"abstract":"Even though almost half of the forced migrant population that entered Germany during the last several years are minors, research about the perspective of children on forced migration is very scarce. Drawing on childhood studies, which regard children as being capable of social thinking and acting, and generational theories, which scrutinize how childhood constitutes a common “social space,” this article aims to analyze narratives of local and forced migrant primary school children on flight and integration. Current regulations of the German educational system insert forced migrant children into the regular school system. Within the restrictive framework of schools, which disadvantage newly arriving migrant children by focusing on their German language skills as the primary marker of their educational potential and success, friendship making is the sphere where children can have agency. Children construct the school as their common generational space and discuss flight as the experience of “being new in school.” This allows children to acknowledge their different biographical backgrounds but empathize with each other and identify as generational members through their subjection to the educational system. Local and forced migrant children bridge language differences by performing their friendships through language-learning rituals. Hence, the public primary school system sets preconditions for the structural integration of local and migrant children, but the most important actors who “do integration” as a social process are children themselves.\u0000Article in English\u0000DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-52-69","PeriodicalId":42805,"journal":{"name":"Laboratorium-Russian Review of Social Research","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79837701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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