: The morphometric characteristics of the terrestrial surface - especially the terrain elevation - are a determining climatogenetic factor, especially in the areas with a high degree of fragmentation such as mountainous areas. Terrain elevation and fragmentation, slope, as well as the orientation of the slopes have an important impact on the local climate. Thus, the morphoclimatic variability is reflected in the stratified distribution of the vegetation, determining the existence of the vegetal associations specific to each climatic area, more thermophilic species being specific to low terrain elevations. Using high resolution satellite images such as Sentinel 2, the spatial distribution of the tree species can be mapped, for very large areas of interest. State of the art classification algorithms were used to extract and classify the forest cover. The resulted layer was used to determine the preferred morphometric conditions for the deciduous and the coniferous tree species within the study area.
{"title":"Using Sentinel 2 satellite images for estimating the spatial and altitudinal distribution of the coniferous and deciduous species of the Eastern Carpathians of Romania","authors":"Alexandru Ciutea, L. Apostol, A. Ursu","doi":"10.47743/pesd2022162017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/pesd2022162017","url":null,"abstract":": The morphometric characteristics of the terrestrial surface - especially the terrain elevation - are a determining climatogenetic factor, especially in the areas with a high degree of fragmentation such as mountainous areas. Terrain elevation and fragmentation, slope, as well as the orientation of the slopes have an important impact on the local climate. Thus, the morphoclimatic variability is reflected in the stratified distribution of the vegetation, determining the existence of the vegetal associations specific to each climatic area, more thermophilic species being specific to low terrain elevations. Using high resolution satellite images such as Sentinel 2, the spatial distribution of the tree species can be mapped, for very large areas of interest. State of the art classification algorithms were used to extract and classify the forest cover. The resulted layer was used to determine the preferred morphometric conditions for the deciduous and the coniferous tree species within the study area.","PeriodicalId":42850,"journal":{"name":"Present Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70912565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Among the processes that predominate on the territory of the Cubolta river basin are the landslides, which affect about 2071.86 ha of the entire surface of the basin. Because landslides occur as a result of factors that contribute to their onset, for example, the morphology and morphometry of the relief, an attempt was made to highlight the relationship between the morphometric elements of the relief and the landslide process. Due to the usefulness of the calculation functions of the ArcGIS software, it was possible to represent graphically the relationship of the morphometric parameters and the landslides existing on the researched territory.
{"title":"Relations between the morphometric characteristics of the relief and the landslides in the Cubolta Hydrographic Basin. Republic of Moldova","authors":"Angela Cantir","doi":"10.47743/pesd2022162018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/pesd2022162018","url":null,"abstract":": Among the processes that predominate on the territory of the Cubolta river basin are the landslides, which affect about 2071.86 ha of the entire surface of the basin. Because landslides occur as a result of factors that contribute to their onset, for example, the morphology and morphometry of the relief, an attempt was made to highlight the relationship between the morphometric elements of the relief and the landslide process. Due to the usefulness of the calculation functions of the ArcGIS software, it was possible to represent graphically the relationship of the morphometric parameters and the landslides existing on the researched territory.","PeriodicalId":42850,"journal":{"name":"Present Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70912754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Species diversity of saproxilic coleoptera from the Tenebrionidae family collected during 2005 – 2022 years, cited in previous papers and stored in the collections of three entomological museums from the Republic of Moldova was studied. A total of 21 species belonging to 19 genera and 3 subfamilies were identified. One species Platydema dejaeni is new for the Republic of Moldova and two species Neatus picipes and Mycetochara axillaris were recorded for a second time. The classification of identified Tenebrionidae species according to the criteria of rarity was proposed for the first time for the Republic of Moldova. The list of species, previous citation and number of specimens, date and locality of collection, occurrence and brief ecology of each revealed species is included.
{"title":"Saproxylic Darkling beetles (Coleopteria: Tenebrionidae) from the Republic of Moldova","authors":"S. Bacal, G. Bușmachiu","doi":"10.47743/pesd2022162005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/pesd2022162005","url":null,"abstract":": Species diversity of saproxilic coleoptera from the Tenebrionidae family collected during 2005 – 2022 years, cited in previous papers and stored in the collections of three entomological museums from the Republic of Moldova was studied. A total of 21 species belonging to 19 genera and 3 subfamilies were identified. One species Platydema dejaeni is new for the Republic of Moldova and two species Neatus picipes and Mycetochara axillaris were recorded for a second time. The classification of identified Tenebrionidae species according to the criteria of rarity was proposed for the first time for the Republic of Moldova. The list of species, previous citation and number of specimens, date and locality of collection, occurrence and brief ecology of each revealed species is included.","PeriodicalId":42850,"journal":{"name":"Present Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70911688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The Dniester River is the most important source of quality water in the Republic of Moldova. In the current difficult social-economic conditions, as well as the accelerated climate changes, the provision of quality water represents a primary imperative of public policies and a important direction of interdisciplinary studies. In this study were applied statistical, analytical, cartographic and comparative methods. In the analyzed period (2003-2020), the total volume of water used in the Dniester Hydrographical District was, on average, 759 million m3, including 670 million m3 (88%) in the Transdnestrian Region. For technological purposes was used, on average, 580 million m3 or over ¾ (76%) of the total volume of water used, for household purposes − 111 million m3 (15%) and for agricultural purposes − only 66.1 million m3 (8.7%), including for irrigation – 41.1 million m3 (5.4%). In the 2003-2020 years, the total volume of water used registers an oscillating dynamic. The maximum of water consumption in the 2007 and 2020 years are due to the manifestation of stronger droughts in these years. In the 2008-2016 years, there is a negative trend, which is due to the bankruptcy and reorganization of large agricultural companies and of Zonal Stations for Irrigation.
{"title":"The peculiarities of the use of water resources in the Dniester hydrographical district (sector of the Republic of Moldova)","authors":"Petru Bacal, D. Burduja","doi":"10.47743/pesd2022162012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/pesd2022162012","url":null,"abstract":": The Dniester River is the most important source of quality water in the Republic of Moldova. In the current difficult social-economic conditions, as well as the accelerated climate changes, the provision of quality water represents a primary imperative of public policies and a important direction of interdisciplinary studies. In this study were applied statistical, analytical, cartographic and comparative methods. In the analyzed period (2003-2020), the total volume of water used in the Dniester Hydrographical District was, on average, 759 million m3, including 670 million m3 (88%) in the Transdnestrian Region. For technological purposes was used, on average, 580 million m3 or over ¾ (76%) of the total volume of water used, for household purposes − 111 million m3 (15%) and for agricultural purposes − only 66.1 million m3 (8.7%), including for irrigation – 41.1 million m3 (5.4%). In the 2003-2020 years, the total volume of water used registers an oscillating dynamic. The maximum of water consumption in the 2007 and 2020 years are due to the manifestation of stronger droughts in these years. In the 2008-2016 years, there is a negative trend, which is due to the bankruptcy and reorganization of large agricultural companies and of Zonal Stations for Irrigation.","PeriodicalId":42850,"journal":{"name":"Present Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70912233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula Stoica, Anca Zaborilă, Marius Telisca, Ioan Bălan, Catrinel-Raluca Giurma-Handley
: Hydrographs are used in hydrological studies to illustrate the fluctuation of the stream during rainfall. A hydrograph's total flow includes runoff and base flow. The unit hydrograph (UH) only measures direct surface runoff. Modeling rain events by using unit hydrograph theory has the advantage of being easier to determine than hydraulic distributed modeling and can yield desirable outcomes for objectives of applied hydrology. The purpose of this research is to genera te a unit hydrograph for a section of the Tazlău River Basin by utilizing the physical properties of its basin. For this purpose, parameters such as peak discharge, time to peak discharge and the base width of the unit hydrograph were determined. This research explored the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in the development of unit hydrograph. This research explored the use of GIS and Digital Elevation Model in the development of unit hydrograph for uses in streamflow predictions and rainfall runoff modeling. The most common uses after creating a unit hydrograph are designing flood prediction, which estimates flood flows in real time based on rainfall records, runoff assessment from ungauged watersheds and supplement the incomplete archives.
{"title":"Deriving a unit hydrograph for Tazlău River Basin using ArcGIS","authors":"Paula Stoica, Anca Zaborilă, Marius Telisca, Ioan Bălan, Catrinel-Raluca Giurma-Handley","doi":"10.47743/pesd2022162020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/pesd2022162020","url":null,"abstract":": Hydrographs are used in hydrological studies to illustrate the fluctuation of the stream during rainfall. A hydrograph's total flow includes runoff and base flow. The unit hydrograph (UH) only measures direct surface runoff. Modeling rain events by using unit hydrograph theory has the advantage of being easier to determine than hydraulic distributed modeling and can yield desirable outcomes for objectives of applied hydrology. The purpose of this research is to genera te a unit hydrograph for a section of the Tazlău River Basin by utilizing the physical properties of its basin. For this purpose, parameters such as peak discharge, time to peak discharge and the base width of the unit hydrograph were determined. This research explored the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in the development of unit hydrograph. This research explored the use of GIS and Digital Elevation Model in the development of unit hydrograph for uses in streamflow predictions and rainfall runoff modeling. The most common uses after creating a unit hydrograph are designing flood prediction, which estimates flood flows in real time based on rainfall records, runoff assessment from ungauged watersheds and supplement the incomplete archives.","PeriodicalId":42850,"journal":{"name":"Present Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70912675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Plastic bags have either been charged or banned in more than 60 countries around the world. Charging for plastic bags as demarketing practice in Turkey is quite new. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship among attitude toward reducing the use of plastic bags, environmental attitude and environmental behavior within the framework of the law ratified on January 1, 2019. In order to classify consumers, two dimensions of environmental attitude; ecocentric attitude and anthropocentric attitude were used. The structural equation modeling (SEM) was also used to determine the relationships between latent variables and data analyzed based on path analysis on a sample of 406 responses from Denizli, Turkey. According to the findings of this research, there are statistically significant differences between ecocentric attitude and environmental behavior; environmental behavior and attitude toward reducing the use of plastic bags. In addition, the results revealed that in the attitude toward reducing the use of plastic bags, statistically significant differences were found based on gender, marital status and age in terms of individuals aged 30 and over.
{"title":"Charging plastic bags within the demarketing: measuring the environmental attitude and environmental behaviour in Denizli: a structural equality model","authors":"B. Akyıldız, Koçoğlu Duygu","doi":"10.47743/pesd2022161003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/pesd2022161003","url":null,"abstract":": Plastic bags have either been charged or banned in more than 60 countries around the world. Charging for plastic bags as demarketing practice in Turkey is quite new. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship among attitude toward reducing the use of plastic bags, environmental attitude and environmental behavior within the framework of the law ratified on January 1, 2019. In order to classify consumers, two dimensions of environmental attitude; ecocentric attitude and anthropocentric attitude were used. The structural equation modeling (SEM) was also used to determine the relationships between latent variables and data analyzed based on path analysis on a sample of 406 responses from Denizli, Turkey. According to the findings of this research, there are statistically significant differences between ecocentric attitude and environmental behavior; environmental behavior and attitude toward reducing the use of plastic bags. In addition, the results revealed that in the attitude toward reducing the use of plastic bags, statistically significant differences were found based on gender, marital status and age in terms of individuals aged 30 and over.","PeriodicalId":42850,"journal":{"name":"Present Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70910436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In the study of the 12 Landscape Reserves (LR) in the Prut basin, these natural complexes were adjusted to the international and regional classifications regarding the typology of the landscape (aspects related to basic research), but also, we wanted to highlight the landscape value of some natural elements (aspects related to applied research). The latter are important for the institutions/agencies that perform LR monitoring and management, and in the context of Sustainable Development of the given region, they have a valuable tourist and cognitive potential, with morphological, geological, hydrological, biotic elements, etc., which require clear regulations on, both their conservation and their scientifically justified exploitation. Among the LR, the ones from the NW region stand out more, from the area of the Badenyan reefs that have an appreciable aesthetic-recreational and cognitive value (LR Geological paleontological complex from the Lopatnic river basin, LR La Castel and others).
{"title":"Typology of valuable natural elements from landscape reserves in the Prut Basin (Republic of Moldova)","authors":"A. Begu, Nicolae Boboc","doi":"10.47743/pesd2022161007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/pesd2022161007","url":null,"abstract":": In the study of the 12 Landscape Reserves (LR) in the Prut basin, these natural complexes were adjusted to the international and regional classifications regarding the typology of the landscape (aspects related to basic research), but also, we wanted to highlight the landscape value of some natural elements (aspects related to applied research). The latter are important for the institutions/agencies that perform LR monitoring and management, and in the context of Sustainable Development of the given region, they have a valuable tourist and cognitive potential, with morphological, geological, hydrological, biotic elements, etc., which require clear regulations on, both their conservation and their scientifically justified exploitation. Among the LR, the ones from the NW region stand out more, from the area of the Badenyan reefs that have an appreciable aesthetic-recreational and cognitive value (LR Geological paleontological complex from the Lopatnic river basin, LR La Castel and others).","PeriodicalId":42850,"journal":{"name":"Present Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70910567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Causes of spatio-temporal variations in the flood event efficiency index","authors":"D. Dumitriu","doi":"10.47743/pesd2022161020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/pesd2022161020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42850,"journal":{"name":"Present Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70911276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In this study, a simple way of assessing the coefficient of ecological stability of lands (Keco) is proposed. The territory of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of the administrative-territorial structure, it is constituted by 983 units (including 66 urban localities). Thus, the Keco estimate was performed on administrative units of rank III at the level of 2020. To appreciate ecological stability by administrative units four classes of ecological stability were highlighted (unstable, uncertain stability, medium and stable). Each administrative unit received an ecological stability class (Keco) depending on land use. For the year 2020, 51.5% of the communes registered a value corresponding to the unstable class, and another 42.7% recorded an uncertain stability. Medium and high stability classes were registered in only 5.8% of the communes. The situation has not essentially changed in the last 11 years, such as identified trends can be used for the development of policies in the field of land improvements and, directly, to the improvement of the ecological condition of the landscapes.
{"title":"Land use and ecological stability coefficient on the territory of the Republic of Moldova","authors":"Iurie Bejan, Viorica Angheluța, Tatiana Bunduc, Irodion Jechiu","doi":"10.47743/pesd2022162019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/pesd2022162019","url":null,"abstract":": In this study, a simple way of assessing the coefficient of ecological stability of lands (Keco) is proposed. The territory of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of the administrative-territorial structure, it is constituted by 983 units (including 66 urban localities). Thus, the Keco estimate was performed on administrative units of rank III at the level of 2020. To appreciate ecological stability by administrative units four classes of ecological stability were highlighted (unstable, uncertain stability, medium and stable). Each administrative unit received an ecological stability class (Keco) depending on land use. For the year 2020, 51.5% of the communes registered a value corresponding to the unstable class, and another 42.7% recorded an uncertain stability. Medium and high stability classes were registered in only 5.8% of the communes. The situation has not essentially changed in the last 11 years, such as identified trends can be used for the development of policies in the field of land improvements and, directly, to the improvement of the ecological condition of the landscapes.","PeriodicalId":42850,"journal":{"name":"Present Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70912612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Biodiversity is discussed in the context of socio-scientific issues, which play an important role in providing science-society interaction in science education. Biodiversity can help the sustainable environmental movement by contributing to the scientific, political and economic development and progress of societies in various social aspects, with its dilemma features by its nature. This study, it is aimed to analysis of pre- service science teachers’ biodiversity images according to sustainable environmental awareness levels. The study was designed according to the survey model, which is one of the descriptive research methods. Sixty-three pre-service science teachers participated from two state universities in the Central Anatolia Region. Data were collected through Sustainable Environmental Awareness Scale and drawings on biodiversity. Sustainable Environmental Awareness Scale consists of 10 items and has a single factor. Biodiversity pictures created based on the drawing technique reflect the images of pre-service teachers. The data were analysed based on descriptive statistical methods. As a result, it was concluded that pre-service science teachers have a high level of sustainable environmental awareness. Biodiversity images of pre-service teachers are correct, but they cannot form a comprehensive image in creating biodiversity components and relationships. According to the results obtained, the fact that pre-service teachers exclude these components in their drawings can be associated not only with their lack of knowledge, but also with their drawing skills.
{"title":"Analysis of Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Biodiversity Images according to Sustainable Environmental Awareness","authors":"Nurcan Tekin, O. Aslan","doi":"10.47743/pesd2022161005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/pesd2022161005","url":null,"abstract":": Biodiversity is discussed in the context of socio-scientific issues, which play an important role in providing science-society interaction in science education. Biodiversity can help the sustainable environmental movement by contributing to the scientific, political and economic development and progress of societies in various social aspects, with its dilemma features by its nature. This study, it is aimed to analysis of pre- service science teachers’ biodiversity images according to sustainable environmental awareness levels. The study was designed according to the survey model, which is one of the descriptive research methods. Sixty-three pre-service science teachers participated from two state universities in the Central Anatolia Region. Data were collected through Sustainable Environmental Awareness Scale and drawings on biodiversity. Sustainable Environmental Awareness Scale consists of 10 items and has a single factor. Biodiversity pictures created based on the drawing technique reflect the images of pre-service teachers. The data were analysed based on descriptive statistical methods. As a result, it was concluded that pre-service science teachers have a high level of sustainable environmental awareness. Biodiversity images of pre-service teachers are correct, but they cannot form a comprehensive image in creating biodiversity components and relationships. According to the results obtained, the fact that pre-service teachers exclude these components in their drawings can be associated not only with their lack of knowledge, but also with their drawing skills.","PeriodicalId":42850,"journal":{"name":"Present Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70910547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：