The continuous increase of the renewable energy installation in the power system such as roof-PV systems, is decreasing the system inertia that challenges the system operation stability. However, with the increasing number of cyber attack events reported in the world, the operation of the roof-PV systems may threaten their connected AC system operation during the contingency. Utilizing the grid-connected converters (GCCs), its fast regulating characteristic could rapidly increase or decrease the solar generation output in seconds, which will bring significant influences to the system operation once the cyber attack happens. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a cyber attack detection model to eliminate its effect on the roof- PV generation system. In this model, the synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms (SWT) is first applied to extract the time-frequency information of frequency measurement. Then a recurrent layer aggregation-based convolutional neural network is introduced to identify the features of cyber attack using the results from SWT. The comparison experiments indicate that the proposed model have profound performance on the detection accuracy that could be utilized in the roof-PV generation system for cyber attack detection.
{"title":"Cyber-Attack Detection: Modeling and Roof-PV Generation System Protection","authors":"W. Qiu, Kaiqi Sun, Kejun Li, Yuchuan Li, Junfeng Duan, Kunzhi Zhu","doi":"10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773850","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous increase of the renewable energy installation in the power system such as roof-PV systems, is decreasing the system inertia that challenges the system operation stability. However, with the increasing number of cyber attack events reported in the world, the operation of the roof-PV systems may threaten their connected AC system operation during the contingency. Utilizing the grid-connected converters (GCCs), its fast regulating characteristic could rapidly increase or decrease the solar generation output in seconds, which will bring significant influences to the system operation once the cyber attack happens. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a cyber attack detection model to eliminate its effect on the roof- PV generation system. In this model, the synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms (SWT) is first applied to extract the time-frequency information of frequency measurement. Then a recurrent layer aggregation-based convolutional neural network is introduced to identify the features of cyber attack using the results from SWT. The comparison experiments indicate that the proposed model have profound performance on the detection accuracy that could be utilized in the roof-PV generation system for cyber attack detection.","PeriodicalId":428784,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/IAS 58th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"459 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115296096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773937
Rajarshi Roychowdhury, John B. Ocampo, Balaji Guddanti, M. Illindala
Electric Power System (EPS) is widely regarded as one of the most complex artificial systems ever created. With the recent penetration of distributed energy resources, controlling the power systems is becoming even more challenging. This paper presents the use of the Dueling DQN (DDQN) Reinforcement Learning algorithm to control line switching and substation topology of the EPS to maintain line flow within limits for all contingency scenarios. The DDQN algorithm is particularly suited in power systems as often, the state of the environment might not be widely affected due to an agent’s actions, particularly during normal operating conditions. This allows the DDQN agent to quickly learn the states that are not important - a definite advantage over traditional vanilla Deep Q Networks. In the case of real-time control of the EPS, not learning all the redundant states has the advantage of fast convergence and reduced training time, both highly desirable in a complex use case like the one studied. The DDQN algorithm was tested on the standard IEEE 14 bus system, and the agent managed to maintain system stability under varied grid operating scenarios.
{"title":"Substation Topology and Line Switching Control Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Rajarshi Roychowdhury, John B. Ocampo, Balaji Guddanti, M. Illindala","doi":"10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773937","url":null,"abstract":"Electric Power System (EPS) is widely regarded as one of the most complex artificial systems ever created. With the recent penetration of distributed energy resources, controlling the power systems is becoming even more challenging. This paper presents the use of the Dueling DQN (DDQN) Reinforcement Learning algorithm to control line switching and substation topology of the EPS to maintain line flow within limits for all contingency scenarios. The DDQN algorithm is particularly suited in power systems as often, the state of the environment might not be widely affected due to an agent’s actions, particularly during normal operating conditions. This allows the DDQN agent to quickly learn the states that are not important - a definite advantage over traditional vanilla Deep Q Networks. In the case of real-time control of the EPS, not learning all the redundant states has the advantage of fast convergence and reduced training time, both highly desirable in a complex use case like the one studied. The DDQN algorithm was tested on the standard IEEE 14 bus system, and the agent managed to maintain system stability under varied grid operating scenarios.","PeriodicalId":428784,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/IAS 58th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126175508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773831
Guwon Yoon, H. Shin, Hyeyoon Jung, Keon-hee Cho, Sanghoon Lee, Sehyun Park
Distributed solar power simulation in smart cities analyzes model design plans and result values based on three strategies. Standardization of data from a data perspective, analysis of solar power generation patterns from a multidimensional perspective and suggest a model for energy sharing and carbon emission management through RNN-based simulation. By analyzing patterns based on data closely related to energy in smart cities, it refers to stable and efficient energy management and carbon reduction measures for future industries.
{"title":"Prediction Model for Energy Sharing and Carbon Emission Management based on Distributed Solar Power Simulation in Smart City","authors":"Guwon Yoon, H. Shin, Hyeyoon Jung, Keon-hee Cho, Sanghoon Lee, Sehyun Park","doi":"10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773831","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed solar power simulation in smart cities analyzes model design plans and result values based on three strategies. Standardization of data from a data perspective, analysis of solar power generation patterns from a multidimensional perspective and suggest a model for energy sharing and carbon emission management through RNN-based simulation. By analyzing patterns based on data closely related to energy in smart cities, it refers to stable and efficient energy management and carbon reduction measures for future industries.","PeriodicalId":428784,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/IAS 58th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126624661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773888
S. Saleh, E. Ozkop, R. Ahshan, A. Al‐Durra, M. Valdes, C. Mardegan
This paper presents the experimental performance assessment of the αβ0-based bus differential protection (BDP). This protection is developed for buses that interconnect battery storage systems (BSSs). The tested BDP employs αβ0 components of the apparent powers flowing in all branches that are connected to the protected bus. The αβ0 components of apparent powers allow accommodating frequent changes in the direction of power flows due to the charging/discharging modes of the BSS operation. In each branch connected to the protected bus, the 3φ apparent powers are determined using the measured branch currents and voltage (at the protected bus). The αβ0-based BDP is implemented using a digital processing board for experimental testing for a laboratory setup. The test setup is composed of a bus that interconnects a 4 kW BSS, and feeds 3φ linear and dynamic loads. The performance of the αβ0-based BDP is assessed for responding to various internal and external faults occurring during the charging and discharging of the BSS. Experimental results reveal encouraging abilities of the tested BDP to initiate fast, accurate, and reliable responses to internal and external faults. Observed response features are complimented with a minor sensitivity to the BSS mode of operation, fault type, and/or fault location.
{"title":"Performance Assessment of the αβ0-Based Bus Differential Protection","authors":"S. Saleh, E. Ozkop, R. Ahshan, A. Al‐Durra, M. Valdes, C. Mardegan","doi":"10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773888","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the experimental performance assessment of the αβ0-based bus differential protection (BDP). This protection is developed for buses that interconnect battery storage systems (BSSs). The tested BDP employs αβ0 components of the apparent powers flowing in all branches that are connected to the protected bus. The αβ0 components of apparent powers allow accommodating frequent changes in the direction of power flows due to the charging/discharging modes of the BSS operation. In each branch connected to the protected bus, the 3φ apparent powers are determined using the measured branch currents and voltage (at the protected bus). The αβ0-based BDP is implemented using a digital processing board for experimental testing for a laboratory setup. The test setup is composed of a bus that interconnects a 4 kW BSS, and feeds 3φ linear and dynamic loads. The performance of the αβ0-based BDP is assessed for responding to various internal and external faults occurring during the charging and discharging of the BSS. Experimental results reveal encouraging abilities of the tested BDP to initiate fast, accurate, and reliable responses to internal and external faults. Observed response features are complimented with a minor sensitivity to the BSS mode of operation, fault type, and/or fault location.","PeriodicalId":428784,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/IAS 58th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116033962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773866
Saleh, Jewett, Cardenas, Meng, A. Al‐Durra, S. Kanukollu, M. Valdes, S. Panetta
In this paper, experimental performance assessment and comparison are presented for the solid, low impedance, high impedance, frequency-selective, and isolated grounding systems. The typical design of a grounding system (for low and medium voltage generation, transmission, and distribution systems) is based on selecting an impedance ( Z̄G), which is used to connect the neutral point and ground. The impedance Z̄G is typically composed from a combination of R, L, and C elements. The combination type (series or parallel), along with the values of R, L, C elements, allow estimating the possible effects of Z̄G on ground currents and potentials during ground faults. In this paper, the solid, low impedance, high impedance, frequency-selective, and isolated grounding systems are designed for a 35 kVA 3φ transformer and a 5 kVA 3φ synchronous generator, for purposes of assessing and comparing their effects on ground currents and potentials during ground faults. The laboratory transformer and generator are tested for line-to-ground and double line-to-ground faults with all designed grounding systems under different loading levels. Experimental results show that some grounding systems can effectively reduce ground currents, and other grounding systems can effectively reduce ground potentials. These capabilities and features can be used to achieve certain system and operation mandates, including ground capacity, maximum allowed over-voltage, and service continuity.
{"title":"Experimental Performance of Grounding Systems","authors":"Saleh, Jewett, Cardenas, Meng, A. Al‐Durra, S. Kanukollu, M. Valdes, S. Panetta","doi":"10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773866","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, experimental performance assessment and comparison are presented for the solid, low impedance, high impedance, frequency-selective, and isolated grounding systems. The typical design of a grounding system (for low and medium voltage generation, transmission, and distribution systems) is based on selecting an impedance ( Z̄G), which is used to connect the neutral point and ground. The impedance Z̄G is typically composed from a combination of R, L, and C elements. The combination type (series or parallel), along with the values of R, L, C elements, allow estimating the possible effects of Z̄G on ground currents and potentials during ground faults. In this paper, the solid, low impedance, high impedance, frequency-selective, and isolated grounding systems are designed for a 35 kVA 3φ transformer and a 5 kVA 3φ synchronous generator, for purposes of assessing and comparing their effects on ground currents and potentials during ground faults. The laboratory transformer and generator are tested for line-to-ground and double line-to-ground faults with all designed grounding systems under different loading levels. Experimental results show that some grounding systems can effectively reduce ground currents, and other grounding systems can effectively reduce ground potentials. These capabilities and features can be used to achieve certain system and operation mandates, including ground capacity, maximum allowed over-voltage, and service continuity.","PeriodicalId":428784,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/IAS 58th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128567666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773859
Jie Liu, Kaiqi Sun, Kejun Li, Yuchuan Li, Jin Zhang
This paper proposes a novel power injection priority optimization-based control strategy of a PSMG-based wind farm (WF) that provides voltage support while mitigating the frequency excursion resulting from voltage dip during the fault. Different from the traditional reactive power support method, the reactive power injection priority plan is replaced by a novel optimal adaptive power injection priority plan. The control problem is formulated as a multi-objective function optimization problem, where the power injection priority flag is calculated by minimizing the shortfall of WF active power and maximizing the reactive power injection of WF. The power injection priority flag is employed as the control variable in the wind turbine generator control model. Additionally, the wake effect of WF is taken into consideration to achieve effective voltage support from the WF. The simulation system model and proposed optimal model are built in EMTDC/PSCAD and MATLAB respectively, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Test results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy is applicable to mitigate frequency excursion while complying with the voltage support requirement during the fault.
{"title":"A Novel Power Injection Priority Optimization Strategy for Voltage Support Control of PSMG-based Wind Farm","authors":"Jie Liu, Kaiqi Sun, Kejun Li, Yuchuan Li, Jin Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773859","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel power injection priority optimization-based control strategy of a PSMG-based wind farm (WF) that provides voltage support while mitigating the frequency excursion resulting from voltage dip during the fault. Different from the traditional reactive power support method, the reactive power injection priority plan is replaced by a novel optimal adaptive power injection priority plan. The control problem is formulated as a multi-objective function optimization problem, where the power injection priority flag is calculated by minimizing the shortfall of WF active power and maximizing the reactive power injection of WF. The power injection priority flag is employed as the control variable in the wind turbine generator control model. Additionally, the wake effect of WF is taken into consideration to achieve effective voltage support from the WF. The simulation system model and proposed optimal model are built in EMTDC/PSCAD and MATLAB respectively, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Test results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy is applicable to mitigate frequency excursion while complying with the voltage support requirement during the fault.","PeriodicalId":428784,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/IAS 58th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"1536 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128062556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773858
S. Saleh
This work extends the wavelet modulation (WM) technique for operating three-phase (3φ), 5-level power electronic converters (PECs). The WM technique is extended by resolution-segmentation of the synthesis scale-based linearly-combined wavelet functions, which are used as switching signals. The resolution-segmentation is created based on the dilation property of synthesis scale-based linearly-combined wavelet functions. Each leg of the 3φ VS, 5-level dc-ac PEC is operated by two sets of resolution-segmented synthesis scale-based linearly-combined wavelet basis functions to produce the voltage of one phase. The extended WM technique is implemented for performance testing, when operating 3φ VS, 5-level, diode-clamped and flying-capacitor dc-ac PECs. In this paper simulation test results are presented and compared with results obtained using the level-shifted pulse-width modulation (PWM), phase-shifted PWM, and space vector modulation. Test results show significant reductions of output harmonics, along with improvements in fundamental components of output voltages and PEC efficiency.
{"title":"Developing and Testing the Wavelet Modulation Technique for 3φ, 5-Level, PECs","authors":"S. Saleh","doi":"10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773858","url":null,"abstract":"This work extends the wavelet modulation (WM) technique for operating three-phase (3φ), 5-level power electronic converters (PECs). The WM technique is extended by resolution-segmentation of the synthesis scale-based linearly-combined wavelet functions, which are used as switching signals. The resolution-segmentation is created based on the dilation property of synthesis scale-based linearly-combined wavelet functions. Each leg of the 3φ VS, 5-level dc-ac PEC is operated by two sets of resolution-segmented synthesis scale-based linearly-combined wavelet basis functions to produce the voltage of one phase. The extended WM technique is implemented for performance testing, when operating 3φ VS, 5-level, diode-clamped and flying-capacitor dc-ac PECs. In this paper simulation test results are presented and compared with results obtained using the level-shifted pulse-width modulation (PWM), phase-shifted PWM, and space vector modulation. Test results show significant reductions of output harmonics, along with improvements in fundamental components of output voltages and PEC efficiency.","PeriodicalId":428784,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/IAS 58th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133699841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773879
Meng Zhang, Yiqian Sun, C. Feng, Z. Zhen, Fei Wang, Guoqing Li, Dagui Liu, Heng Wang
Accurate short-term solar irradiance forecasting can achieve precise solar photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting and ensure the safe and stable operation of power grid. However, the existing solar irradiance forecasting methods only based on the historical power data and meteorological information of the local PV power station itself, which is difficult to obtain sufficiently accurate forecasting results. In this paper, we propose a short-term irradiance forecasting model based on Graph Neural Network (GNN) considering surrounding meteorological factors to further improve the accuracy. Firstly, the spatio-temporal correlation stations are constructed according to geographical location and meteorological information, and simulate the spatio-temporal correlation data around the target station by utilizing the satellite image-irradiance mapping model. Secondly, based on the complex network theory, a new index is proposed to evaluate the connectivity of the graph structure, which improves the predictive ability of the GNN model. Finally, the spatio-temporal correlation around the target site is mined through GNN model to achieve the short-term irradiance forecasting. The results show that the proposed method further improves the forecasting accuracy compared with models that don’t consider surrounding meteorological factors. The reliability of the graph connectivity is directly proportional to the forecasting accuracy, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed index.
{"title":"Graph Neural Network based Short-term Solar Irradiance Forcasting Model Considering Surrounding Meteorological Factors","authors":"Meng Zhang, Yiqian Sun, C. Feng, Z. Zhen, Fei Wang, Guoqing Li, Dagui Liu, Heng Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773879","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate short-term solar irradiance forecasting can achieve precise solar photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting and ensure the safe and stable operation of power grid. However, the existing solar irradiance forecasting methods only based on the historical power data and meteorological information of the local PV power station itself, which is difficult to obtain sufficiently accurate forecasting results. In this paper, we propose a short-term irradiance forecasting model based on Graph Neural Network (GNN) considering surrounding meteorological factors to further improve the accuracy. Firstly, the spatio-temporal correlation stations are constructed according to geographical location and meteorological information, and simulate the spatio-temporal correlation data around the target station by utilizing the satellite image-irradiance mapping model. Secondly, based on the complex network theory, a new index is proposed to evaluate the connectivity of the graph structure, which improves the predictive ability of the GNN model. Finally, the spatio-temporal correlation around the target site is mined through GNN model to achieve the short-term irradiance forecasting. The results show that the proposed method further improves the forecasting accuracy compared with models that don’t consider surrounding meteorological factors. The reliability of the graph connectivity is directly proportional to the forecasting accuracy, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed index.","PeriodicalId":428784,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/IAS 58th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115488387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773847
Yu Zhang, Wenrui Tan, Zhaohao Ding
As the electric vehicle charging demand for highway travel increases, the charging operation is gradually becoming a significant challenge for highway charging station operators. Distributed renewable power generators could satisfy the charging demand by providing clean energy for charging stations. In this paper, a charging price-setting scheme for highway charging station operators is formulated. We model this scenario as a mixed-integer quadratic programming problem, aiming to maximize profits while achieving spatial and temporal shifting of EVs charging loads to consume renewable energy (e.g., photovoltaic and wind power). The numerical case study shows that highway charging station operators adopting the proposed method can effectively promote renewable energy consumption and boost their profits.
{"title":"Highway Charging Station Operator Pricing Considering Distributed Renewable Generation Resources","authors":"Yu Zhang, Wenrui Tan, Zhaohao Ding","doi":"10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773847","url":null,"abstract":"As the electric vehicle charging demand for highway travel increases, the charging operation is gradually becoming a significant challenge for highway charging station operators. Distributed renewable power generators could satisfy the charging demand by providing clean energy for charging stations. In this paper, a charging price-setting scheme for highway charging station operators is formulated. We model this scenario as a mixed-integer quadratic programming problem, aiming to maximize profits while achieving spatial and temporal shifting of EVs charging loads to consume renewable energy (e.g., photovoltaic and wind power). The numerical case study shows that highway charging station operators adopting the proposed method can effectively promote renewable energy consumption and boost their profits.","PeriodicalId":428784,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/IAS 58th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115003400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773920
S. Saleh, D. Jewett, J. Cárdenas, A. Al‐Durra, S. Kanukollu, M. Valdes, S. Panetta
This paper presents a performance comparison of the solid, low impedance, high impedance, frequency-selective, and isolated grounding systems. A grounding system (for any power system component) is designed as an impedance (Z̄G) that connects the neutral point to the ground. The impedance Z̄G is constructed using a combination of R, L, and C elements. The values and combination type (series or parallel) of R, L, C, determine the possible influence of Z̄G on ground currents and potentials. Each grounding system is related to a system voltages level, a specific combination of R, L, C, and a range of R, L, C values. The solid, low impedance, high impedance, frequency-selective, and isolated grounding systems are designed for laboratory 3φ transformer and 3φ synchronous generator in order to compare their influences on ground currents and potentials during ground faults. The transformer and generator are tested for line-to-ground and double line-to-ground faults with all designed grounding systems. Test results show that some grounding systems can reduce ground currents only, while others can reduce ground potentials only. Such capabilities can be used to fulfill certain system and operation requirements (e.g. service continuity, ground capacity, etc.).
{"title":"Performance Testing of Different Grounding Systems","authors":"S. Saleh, D. Jewett, J. Cárdenas, A. Al‐Durra, S. Kanukollu, M. Valdes, S. Panetta","doi":"10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS54075.2022.9773920","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a performance comparison of the solid, low impedance, high impedance, frequency-selective, and isolated grounding systems. A grounding system (for any power system component) is designed as an impedance (Z̄G) that connects the neutral point to the ground. The impedance Z̄G is constructed using a combination of R, L, and C elements. The values and combination type (series or parallel) of R, L, C, determine the possible influence of Z̄G on ground currents and potentials. Each grounding system is related to a system voltages level, a specific combination of R, L, C, and a range of R, L, C values. The solid, low impedance, high impedance, frequency-selective, and isolated grounding systems are designed for laboratory 3φ transformer and 3φ synchronous generator in order to compare their influences on ground currents and potentials during ground faults. The transformer and generator are tested for line-to-ground and double line-to-ground faults with all designed grounding systems. Test results show that some grounding systems can reduce ground currents only, while others can reduce ground potentials only. Such capabilities can be used to fulfill certain system and operation requirements (e.g. service continuity, ground capacity, etc.).","PeriodicalId":428784,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/IAS 58th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115463613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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