{"title":"The development of qualitative monographic studies of rural environments in Germany and Austria","authors":"G. Vonderach","doi":"10.12775/eec.2020.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eec.2020.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42882,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Countryside","volume":"26 1","pages":"79 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43351142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Koblianska, O. Pasko, Mykola Hordiyenko, I. Yarova
Abstract The paper provides an analysis of semi-subsistence farming in Ukraine during the period 2008–2018, with a special focus on policy towards peasant households, and its feasibility. Ukraine currently has several strategic documents that set the vectors for regulating the development of the industry. The current policy on the strategic development of agriculture, rural areas, and support for farming is found to be chaotic and inconsistent. The paper confirms the thesis regarding the low economic efficiency of natural farming, and given the specific weight of households in the production of certain types of food, emphasises that public costs for ensuring the country's food security are thus fairly high. The overall identified trends in the Ukrainian countryside are a) the reduction of land size, naturalisation of economic activity and reduction of market activity (farms, as a rule, keep cattle, poultry and bees, although the safety and quality of livestock products produced in such farms is rather dubious); and b) the enlargement of individual peasant households and their focus on commodity production of agricultural products (mainly crops), with the simultaneous distortion of reported production volumes and, accordingly, tax evasion. Thus, private peasant households (PPHs) appear as economic structures with a special status: on the one hand, they can be considered as full participants in the market of agri-food products (in terms of sales and production), but on the other hand they are not recognised as entrepreneurial structures. This has negative consequences for the local economy as a whole. PPHs are a legalised form of informal employment, an informal entrepreneurial activity. PPHs are, in our opinion, enjoying preferential status in comparison with that of farmers. Furthermore, existing measures (often patchy and haphazard) of political regulation only deepen the problematic functioning of semi-subsistence farms; and taking into account the peculiarities of tax regulation and the obligatory participation of household members in the pension system, in our opinion, they only intensify the crisis in the rural economy and related social problems. We find that PPHs in their present form (we stress the last four words) are manifestly untenable, and policy-wise are not feasible for Ukraine. The long-term strategy of reforming this crucial part of Ukraine's agriculture should not include new innovations, but be wisely tailored to Ukraine's conditions within the EU. PPHs ought to be accommodated within and be part and parcel of the tax system, and then be an element of future balanced and sustainable rural development. To achieve the latter aim, the recalibration of tax and legal regulations, underpinned by solid strategic policy, is desperately needed.
{"title":"Are Peasant Households Feasible in Terms of Policy? The Debate on the Future of Semi-Subsistence Households in Ukraine","authors":"I. Koblianska, O. Pasko, Mykola Hordiyenko, I. Yarova","doi":"10.12775/eec.2020.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eec.2020.006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper provides an analysis of semi-subsistence farming in Ukraine during the period 2008–2018, with a special focus on policy towards peasant households, and its feasibility. Ukraine currently has several strategic documents that set the vectors for regulating the development of the industry. The current policy on the strategic development of agriculture, rural areas, and support for farming is found to be chaotic and inconsistent. The paper confirms the thesis regarding the low economic efficiency of natural farming, and given the specific weight of households in the production of certain types of food, emphasises that public costs for ensuring the country's food security are thus fairly high. The overall identified trends in the Ukrainian countryside are a) the reduction of land size, naturalisation of economic activity and reduction of market activity (farms, as a rule, keep cattle, poultry and bees, although the safety and quality of livestock products produced in such farms is rather dubious); and b) the enlargement of individual peasant households and their focus on commodity production of agricultural products (mainly crops), with the simultaneous distortion of reported production volumes and, accordingly, tax evasion. Thus, private peasant households (PPHs) appear as economic structures with a special status: on the one hand, they can be considered as full participants in the market of agri-food products (in terms of sales and production), but on the other hand they are not recognised as entrepreneurial structures. This has negative consequences for the local economy as a whole. PPHs are a legalised form of informal employment, an informal entrepreneurial activity. PPHs are, in our opinion, enjoying preferential status in comparison with that of farmers. Furthermore, existing measures (often patchy and haphazard) of political regulation only deepen the problematic functioning of semi-subsistence farms; and taking into account the peculiarities of tax regulation and the obligatory participation of household members in the pension system, in our opinion, they only intensify the crisis in the rural economy and related social problems. We find that PPHs in their present form (we stress the last four words) are manifestly untenable, and policy-wise are not feasible for Ukraine. The long-term strategy of reforming this crucial part of Ukraine's agriculture should not include new innovations, but be wisely tailored to Ukraine's conditions within the EU. PPHs ought to be accommodated within and be part and parcel of the tax system, and then be an element of future balanced and sustainable rural development. To achieve the latter aim, the recalibration of tax and legal regulations, underpinned by solid strategic policy, is desperately needed.","PeriodicalId":42882,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Countryside","volume":"26 1","pages":"127 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43550622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article presents the most important dilemmas related to the monographic method, discussing them on the example of monographs of Polish villages. Particular emphasis is put on contentious issues such as: research statics – dynamics, representativeness – generalisations, and enumerative induction – analytic induction. The analysis of the selected monographs reveals that most of the objections reported with respect to such publications (i.e. focus on describing rather than analysing the problem, providing unnecessary details, lack of representativeness, and insufficient theoretical reflection) seem to be unfounded. In the end the article discusses circumstances that point to the need to return to this method, particularly in countries peripheral to the centre of the global academic field.
{"title":"Monographs of rural communities: Polish school of research","authors":"I. Bukraba-Rylska","doi":"10.12775/eec.2020.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eec.2020.001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents the most important dilemmas related to the monographic method, discussing them on the example of monographs of Polish villages. Particular emphasis is put on contentious issues such as: research statics – dynamics, representativeness – generalisations, and enumerative induction – analytic induction. The analysis of the selected monographs reveals that most of the objections reported with respect to such publications (i.e. focus on describing rather than analysing the problem, providing unnecessary details, lack of representativeness, and insufficient theoretical reflection) seem to be unfounded. In the end the article discusses circumstances that point to the need to return to this method, particularly in countries peripheral to the centre of the global academic field.","PeriodicalId":42882,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Countryside","volume":"26 1","pages":"9 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46425786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper consists of two sections. Firstly, it will recall the work of William I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki and their successors. Thoughts published in this section will attempt to show how their methodological and theoretical heritage contributed to the development of sociology. Furthermore, it will show how their work, with alternate fortune and undeniable fame, inspired researchers for 100 years. Secondly, it will present significance of Thomas and Znaniecki heritage in the development of migration studies in addition to offering an essential overview of the contemporary migration issue. The article deliberates on the validity, topicality and current reception of methodology and theory proposed by Thomas and Znaniecki.
{"title":"Tracing the impact of The Polish Peasant… – from rural sociology to migration studies","authors":"Malwina Krajewska","doi":"10.12775/eec.2020.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eec.2020.012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper consists of two sections. Firstly, it will recall the work of William I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki and their successors. Thoughts published in this section will attempt to show how their methodological and theoretical heritage contributed to the development of sociology. Furthermore, it will show how their work, with alternate fortune and undeniable fame, inspired researchers for 100 years. Secondly, it will present significance of Thomas and Znaniecki heritage in the development of migration studies in addition to offering an essential overview of the contemporary migration issue. The article deliberates on the validity, topicality and current reception of methodology and theory proposed by Thomas and Znaniecki.","PeriodicalId":42882,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Countryside","volume":"26 1","pages":"312 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41405346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article attempted to overview the use of the monographic method in sociological research of Lithuania. Historically, the monographic method stimulated the development of rural sociology in Eastern European countries. The fulfilment of the aim is inevitably related to a question about institutionalisation and the development of sociology and such a sub-discipline as rural sociology in Lithuania. The outcomes of the inquiry allow one to argue that the monographic method is in oblivion rather than in active use, belonging to the history of sociological research in Lithuania. However, the monographic method, often unnamed, is widely applied to contemporary local history research. The geopolitical reasons had a significant impact on retardation in the institutionalisation and development of national sociology. The politics of national identity management, including those of science and education, can be among the important reasons for the absence of institutionalised rural sociology in Lithuania. However, a national social demographical context determining the permanent public and political need “to solve a peasant question” created the bulk of applied research in the Lithuanian countryside that can be considered as adequate data in the frame of rural sociology.
{"title":"The Legacy of the Monographic Method in Lithuania","authors":"A. Žvinklienė, Lilija Kublickienė","doi":"10.12775/eec.2020.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eec.2020.003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article attempted to overview the use of the monographic method in sociological research of Lithuania. Historically, the monographic method stimulated the development of rural sociology in Eastern European countries. The fulfilment of the aim is inevitably related to a question about institutionalisation and the development of sociology and such a sub-discipline as rural sociology in Lithuania. The outcomes of the inquiry allow one to argue that the monographic method is in oblivion rather than in active use, belonging to the history of sociological research in Lithuania. However, the monographic method, often unnamed, is widely applied to contemporary local history research. The geopolitical reasons had a significant impact on retardation in the institutionalisation and development of national sociology. The politics of national identity management, including those of science and education, can be among the important reasons for the absence of institutionalised rural sociology in Lithuania. However, a national social demographical context determining the permanent public and political need “to solve a peasant question” created the bulk of applied research in the Lithuanian countryside that can be considered as adequate data in the frame of rural sociology.","PeriodicalId":42882,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Countryside","volume":"26 1","pages":"61 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42740204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Sustainable rural tourism requires a high rate of local participation to achieve planning and development objectives. Particularly significant is the role of local non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to facilitate and plan useful projects pertinent to rural development and tourism that aim to include the local population in such activities. During the last two decades, the increasing number of NGOs in developing countries has led to them becoming influential actors in sustainable development in many fields and bearers of various ideas, projects and other activities. This is particularly evident in rural tourism, where NGOs have become prominent in the field of rural attractions as well as in the training and capacity building of local communities. Tens of NGOs whose activities are essentially directed towards rural development are active in Vojvodina, however, their actual role in sustainable tourism is not completely understood. This study regarding the NGOs concerned with rural development aimed to identify, analyse and evaluate the role of non-governmental organisations in sustainable rural tourism in Vojvodina. The starting presumption was that NGOs have a clear and significant role in the sustainable development of rural tourism in Vojvodina. The basic methods and techniques of data collecting were observation and analysis of documents and the techniques of standardised interviews, with elements of indepth interviews. This research has shown that the role of the non-governmental sector in the development of tourism in Vojvodina is not visible and well defined, but also that some NGOs achieve high-quality results.
{"title":"The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations in the Development of Rural Tourism in Vojvodina (Serbia)","authors":"V. Jegdić, Iva Škrbić, S. Milošević","doi":"10.12775/eec.2020.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eec.2020.011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sustainable rural tourism requires a high rate of local participation to achieve planning and development objectives. Particularly significant is the role of local non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to facilitate and plan useful projects pertinent to rural development and tourism that aim to include the local population in such activities. During the last two decades, the increasing number of NGOs in developing countries has led to them becoming influential actors in sustainable development in many fields and bearers of various ideas, projects and other activities. This is particularly evident in rural tourism, where NGOs have become prominent in the field of rural attractions as well as in the training and capacity building of local communities. Tens of NGOs whose activities are essentially directed towards rural development are active in Vojvodina, however, their actual role in sustainable tourism is not completely understood. This study regarding the NGOs concerned with rural development aimed to identify, analyse and evaluate the role of non-governmental organisations in sustainable rural tourism in Vojvodina. The starting presumption was that NGOs have a clear and significant role in the sustainable development of rural tourism in Vojvodina. The basic methods and techniques of data collecting were observation and analysis of documents and the techniques of standardised interviews, with elements of indepth interviews. This research has shown that the role of the non-governmental sector in the development of tourism in Vojvodina is not visible and well defined, but also that some NGOs achieve high-quality results.","PeriodicalId":42882,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Countryside","volume":"26 1","pages":"287 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48976833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Cycling tourism is a rapidly developing type of tourism in Europe and it is recognised in the tourism strategic documents of the Republic of Serbia as one of the key tourist products that should be developed specifically in the Danube region. This paper aimed to examine residents’ perceptions towards cycling tourism on the Danube cycle route in Serbia using the modified Tourism Impact Attitude Scale (TIAS). In addition, a multiple regression model was used to test the effects of the independent variables on residents’ perceptions towards cycling tourism development. The research findings indicate that residents have a favourable attitude towards cycling tourism, which is in the initial phase of development in the study area, and that the independent variables are predictors of residents’ perceptions. Implications for tourism development and planning are discussed and future research opportunities provided.
{"title":"Cycling Tourism on the Danube Cycle Route in Serbia: Residents’ Perspective","authors":"Vanja Pavluković, S. Kovačić, Uglješa Stankov","doi":"10.12775/eec.2020.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eec.2020.010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cycling tourism is a rapidly developing type of tourism in Europe and it is recognised in the tourism strategic documents of the Republic of Serbia as one of the key tourist products that should be developed specifically in the Danube region. This paper aimed to examine residents’ perceptions towards cycling tourism on the Danube cycle route in Serbia using the modified Tourism Impact Attitude Scale (TIAS). In addition, a multiple regression model was used to test the effects of the independent variables on residents’ perceptions towards cycling tourism development. The research findings indicate that residents have a favourable attitude towards cycling tourism, which is in the initial phase of development in the study area, and that the independent variables are predictors of residents’ perceptions. Implications for tourism development and planning are discussed and future research opportunities provided.","PeriodicalId":42882,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Countryside","volume":"26 1","pages":"259 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42789102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper briefly presents the method of sociological monography conducted by the Romanian professor Dimitrie Gusti – from its emergence, through its theoretical foundation and application in field research, until its prohibition. The paper explores, step by step, the development of the specific monograph methodology, followed by its introduction in university studies and in the practice of social intervention. The Bucharest Sociological School that was formed around the monographic field research in the 1930s later began to diversify, but its extinction was due to World War II and to the establishment of the communist regime.
{"title":"The Monographic Sociology of Dimitrie Gusti","authors":"Z. Rostás","doi":"10.12775/eec.2020.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eec.2020.002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper briefly presents the method of sociological monography conducted by the Romanian professor Dimitrie Gusti – from its emergence, through its theoretical foundation and application in field research, until its prohibition. The paper explores, step by step, the development of the specific monograph methodology, followed by its introduction in university studies and in the practice of social intervention. The Bucharest Sociological School that was formed around the monographic field research in the 1930s later began to diversify, but its extinction was due to World War II and to the establishment of the communist regime.","PeriodicalId":42882,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Countryside","volume":"26 1","pages":"33 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48262820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this article is to analyse the results of a youth study carried out in selected post-communist countries in Central Europe, published in the monograph The Me-Generation in a Post-Collectivist Space. Dilemmas in a Time of Transition. Its authors ask a question about the role of the young generation in the processes of systemic transformation. Their research reveals that young people have little involvement in public life, rarely participate in elections, and are mostly preoccupied with individual strategies and satisfying their own needs. Those who show an interest in public affairs and actively participate in political life tend to contest the idea of liberal democracy, and support nationalist and populist parties; they blame democracy for failing to fulfil their aspirations. This type of youth generates social changes that contribute to the strengthening of nationalist and anti-European trends in Central Europe. Nevertheless, conclusions presented in the study seem to be overly pessimistic, as there are also groups of young people who present post-materialist attitudes and who are interested in the democratisation of the political systems in their countries.
{"title":"The young generation as the vanguard of democratic change in Central Europe","authors":"Jacek Poniedziałek","doi":"10.12775/eec.2020.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eec.2020.007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this article is to analyse the results of a youth study carried out in selected post-communist countries in Central Europe, published in the monograph The Me-Generation in a Post-Collectivist Space. Dilemmas in a Time of Transition. Its authors ask a question about the role of the young generation in the processes of systemic transformation. Their research reveals that young people have little involvement in public life, rarely participate in elections, and are mostly preoccupied with individual strategies and satisfying their own needs. Those who show an interest in public affairs and actively participate in political life tend to contest the idea of liberal democracy, and support nationalist and populist parties; they blame democracy for failing to fulfil their aspirations. This type of youth generates social changes that contribute to the strengthening of nationalist and anti-European trends in Central Europe. Nevertheless, conclusions presented in the study seem to be overly pessimistic, as there are also groups of young people who present post-materialist attitudes and who are interested in the democratisation of the political systems in their countries.","PeriodicalId":42882,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Countryside","volume":"26 1","pages":"181 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47700670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper assessed the importance of primary school development in relation to community life, availability of funding, and attractiveness of rural municipalities in the suburban, intermediate and peripheral countryside of the Czech Republic. The importance of primary schools was analysed based on empirical research of the mayors of small municipalities in regions at the NUTS 3 level, i.e. suburban countryside in a large metropolitan area (the Central Bohemia Region), intermediate – stabilised rural region with a low population density (the South Bohemia Region) and predominantly rural region, internal periphery (the Vysocina Region). The results are discussed in three main themes: (1) general importance of schools for municipal development, (2) factors for school maintenance/absence in the village, and (3) development problems of municipalities in particular types of rural regions. Generally, the study findings prove the above division depending on whether there is a school within the municipality, with disparities with different types of rural areas not significant. Representatives of rural municipalities with a school confirmed that that the school is an important element in terms of community life and the attractiveness of the municipality for current and future residents, whereas in municipalities without schools, the necessary institutional memory to assess the importance and potential of a school was missing. Therefore, schools are only perceived as a provider of education without the possibility to positively influence the life within the municipality. This approach to understanding primary schools in conjunction with trends in rural outmigration in distant rural municipalities enhances the vicious circle of socio-economic shrinkage.
{"title":"Are primary schools a development and stabilisation factor of rural municipalities? A study of the differences in their importance in the Czech suburban, intermediate and peripheral countryside","authors":"J. Kouřilová, M. Pělucha","doi":"10.12775/eec.2020.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eec.2020.008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper assessed the importance of primary school development in relation to community life, availability of funding, and attractiveness of rural municipalities in the suburban, intermediate and peripheral countryside of the Czech Republic. The importance of primary schools was analysed based on empirical research of the mayors of small municipalities in regions at the NUTS 3 level, i.e. suburban countryside in a large metropolitan area (the Central Bohemia Region), intermediate – stabilised rural region with a low population density (the South Bohemia Region) and predominantly rural region, internal periphery (the Vysocina Region). The results are discussed in three main themes: (1) general importance of schools for municipal development, (2) factors for school maintenance/absence in the village, and (3) development problems of municipalities in particular types of rural regions. Generally, the study findings prove the above division depending on whether there is a school within the municipality, with disparities with different types of rural areas not significant. Representatives of rural municipalities with a school confirmed that that the school is an important element in terms of community life and the attractiveness of the municipality for current and future residents, whereas in municipalities without schools, the necessary institutional memory to assess the importance and potential of a school was missing. Therefore, schools are only perceived as a provider of education without the possibility to positively influence the life within the municipality. This approach to understanding primary schools in conjunction with trends in rural outmigration in distant rural municipalities enhances the vicious circle of socio-economic shrinkage.","PeriodicalId":42882,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Countryside","volume":"26 1","pages":"201 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43724833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：