Obrabotka Metallov-Metal Working and Material Science最新文献

{"title":"Improving the efficiency of surface-thermal hardening of machine parts in conditions of combination of processing technologies, integrated on a single machine tool base","authors":"V Yu Skeeba, V. Ivancivsky","doi":"10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.3-45-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.3-45-71","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the manufacturing industry, there is a particular interest in the development of a new type of technological equipment, which makes it possible to implement methods for modifying the parts surface layers by processing it with concentrated energy sources. The combination of two processing technologies (mechanical and surface-thermal operations) in the conditions of integrated equipment makes it possible to neutralize the disadvantages of monotechnologies and obtain new effects that are unattainable when using technologies separately. The use of hybrid machine tools in conjunction with the developed technological recommendations will allow achieving a multiple increase in the technical and economic efficiency of production, resource and energy saving, which in turn will contribute to an increase in the competitiveness of products and the renewal of the technological paradigm. Purpose of work: increasing productivity and reducing energy consumption during surface-thermal hardening of machine parts by exposure to concentrated energy sources under conditions of integrated processing. Theory and methods: studies of the possible structural composition and layout of hybrid equipment during the integration of mechanical and surface-thermal processes are carried out taking into account the main provisions of structural synthesis and the components of metalworking systems. Theoretical studies are carried out using the basic provisions of system analysis, geometric theory of surface formation, design of metalworking machines, finite-element method, mathematical and computer simulation. Mathematical simulation of thermal fields and structural-phase transformations in the case of HEH HFC is carried out in the ANSYS and SYSWELD software packages, using numerical methods for solving the differential equations of unsteady thermal conductivity (Fourier's equation), carbon diffusion (Fick's second law), and elastoplastic behavior of the material. The verification of the simulation results is carried out by conducting field experiments using: optical and scanning microscopy; mechanical and X-ray methods for determining residual stresses. In the study, Uone JD520 and Form Talysurf Series 2 profilograph-profilometers are used to simultaneously measure shape deviations, waviness and surface roughness. Surface topography is assessed using a Zygo New View 7300 laser profilograph-profilometer. The microhardness of the hardened surface layer of parts is evaluated on a Wolpert Group 402MVD device. Results and discussion. An original method of structural-kinematic analysis for pre-design research of hybrid metalworking equipment is presented. Methodological recommendations are developed for the modernization of metal-cutting machine tools, the implementation of which will allow the implementation of high-energy heating by high-frequency currents (HEH HFC) on a standard machine-tool system and ensure the formation of high-tech technological equipment with exp","PeriodicalId":42889,"journal":{"name":"Obrabotka Metallov-Metal Working and Material Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42990948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the issue of selecting and optimizing parameters of continuous laser welding of cast iron","authors":"Dmitry Ilyushkin, V. Soldatov, O. Petrakov, I. Kotlyarova","doi":"10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.3-20-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.3-20-30","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Cast iron extremely poorly tolerate thermal welding cycles, and therefore it is necessary to choose carefully the technological parameters. The main parameters of continuous laser welding are: the power of laser radiation, the welding speed, the parameters of the focusing system. The aim of the work is to determine the optimal power and speed of continuous laser welding of cast iron, depending on the geometry of the weld. In this paper, the welding seams obtained on samples of gray alloyed cast iron with a pearlitic metal base, using an LS-1 ytterbium fiber laser, are studied. Research methods. The geometric parameters of the joints were quantified in the program for quantitative analysis and image processing ImageJ. The obtained data were processed by regression analysis. To optimize the process parameters, an orthogonal plan of the passive experiment was developed, including nine experiments in which the factors varied at three equally spaced levels. The quality parameters in the passive experiment were the geometric dimensions of the weld pool and the size of the quenched zone. To solve the optimization problem, we used the methods of gray relational analysis and linear programming. Results and Discussions. The obtained regression models explain a significant proportion of the variance of the dependent variables, the regression coefficients, as well as the models themselves, are statistically significant, which indicates a close linear relationship between the seam geometry and the process parameters. The calculated shape of the weld pool depending on the radiation power and welding speed shows that the required welding seam of the required dimensions can be obtained at various process parameters which allow solving a multi-criteria optimization problem. The gray relational evaluation of the geometric parameters of the seam shows that the most correct parameters in terms of obtaining the seam of the maximum depth with the minimum width, convexity (concavity) and the quenched zone are the minimum power and maximum welding speed. The calculation of the optimal radiation power and welding speed depending on the seam depth showed that welding of small thicknesses is optimally carried out with minimal power, and the seam depth is adjusted by changing the beam speed. Welding of large thicknesses is optimal at high speed, and to increase the depth of the seam, the power must increase.","PeriodicalId":42889,"journal":{"name":"Obrabotka Metallov-Metal Working and Material Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46570156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergetic approach to improve the efficiency of machining process control on metal-cutting machines","authors":"V. Zakovorotny, V. Gvindjiliya","doi":"10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.3-84-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.3-84-99","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The efficiency of processing on metal-cutting machines is evaluated by the reduced cost of producing a batch of parts while ensuring the required quality. In modern production, parts are usually made on CNC machines. Today the CNC program and the trajectories of the machine tool actuators match each other with high accuracy, which, however, does not yet guarantee quality and efficiency of production. The definition of the CNC program is based on the knowledge base of rational modes, tools, coolant and etc. during processing. This base reflects some averaging over the set of machines, tools and processing conditions, and does not take into account changes in the properties of the dynamic system in the process of cutting. Subject. The paper deals with the synergistic matching of external control (CNC programs) and cutting dynamics (internal control). The internal control factors can be set a priori, as well as determined as a result of the influence of irreversible energy transformations in the cutting zone. The purpose of the work is to determine the law of controlling the trajectories of the machine's executive elements in such a way that, with changing properties of the dynamic cutting system, the required surface quality of the part and minimizing the intensity of tool wear are ensured during the processing of the part. Method and methodology. Mathematical simulation of the controlled dynamic system, which properties change due to the a priori set laws of variation of subsystem parameters, as well as changes in the cutting properties conditioned by the power of irreversible energy transformation is presented. Consideration of the power of irreversible energy transformations is necessary for predicting back-edge wear, changes in dynamic coupling parameters, and evolutionary restructuring of cutting dynamics. Results and Discussion. The regularity of matching the CNC program with the changing properties of the cutting process, which allows increasing the processing efficiency while ensuring the required quality of parts, is disclosed. A number of properties of the dynamic cutting system caused by changing trajectory of the longitudinal feed rate of the tool during processing of the shaft, the stiffness change of which is given, are revealed and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":42889,"journal":{"name":"Obrabotka Metallov-Metal Working and Material Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44325004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of the relationship between the vibro-acoustic parameters of the grinding process and the macro-roughness of the treated surface","authors":"D. Ardashev, A. Zhukov","doi":"10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.3-6-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.3-6-19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. To assess the current state of the technological system (TS) during grinding, it is preferable to use indirect criteria. Such approaches, in contrast to direct measurement methods, can be carried out without interrupting the production process. The main parameters used in the indirect assessment of the state of the cutting tool are the state of the workpiece (before and after processing), thermal and electrical characteristics of the cutting zone, vibroacoustic vibrations of the process, and force measurements. The work is devoted to the study of the acoustic parameters of grinding as a sufficiently informative and least resource-intensive characteristic. The relevance of the development of methods for assessing the state of the vehicle based on sound and topographic characteristics has many aspects, the main of which are applicability in grinding control, predicting the state of the cutting tool and planning the operations of the technological process. The aim of the work is to develop a mathematical model of the dependence of the vibroacoustic parameters of the external circular plunge-cut grinding process on the macro-roughness of the polished sample. The development of such a model is a necessary step in the design of a methodology for predicting the state of a tool. Accordingly, the subject of work is presented by two parameters simultaneously – the sound level arising in the process of grinding and the deviation of the surface shape of the ground images from cylindricality. The research methods used to achieve the designated aim were following: an experiment to study the sound phenomena accompanying round external plunge-cut grinding; measurement of macro-roughness of the surface of the samples, subjected to processing, using a coordinate measuring machine; correlation and regression analysis to obtain mathematical dependencies. Results and discussion. Two particular multiple linear regression models are obtained that describe the effect of the infeed rate and the operating time of the grinding wheel on the sound level during grinding and on deviations from the cylindricality of the processed samples. On the basis of particulars, a general model is developed that establishes the relationship between the sound characteristic and the macro-roughness index of the treated surface. It is shown that the sound characteristics (for example, the sound level) can be used as an indirect indicator of the current state of the vehicle, which makes it possible to assess the level of vibrations and, accordingly, to predict the quality of products.","PeriodicalId":42889,"journal":{"name":"Obrabotka Metallov-Metal Working and Material Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43054479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the problem of tool destruction when obtaining fixed joints of thick-walled aluminum alloy blanks by friction welding with mixing","authors":"K. Kalashnikov, A. Chumaevskii, T. Kalashnikova, A. Ivanov, V. Rubtsov, E. Kolubaev, V. Bakshaev","doi":"10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.3-72-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.3-72-83","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Among the technologies for manufacturing rocket and aircraft bodies, marine vessels, and vehicles, currently, more and more attention is paid to the technology of friction stir welding (FSW). First of all, the use of this technology is necessary where it is required to produce fixed joints of high-strength aluminum alloys. In this case, special attention should be paid to welding thick-walled blanks, as fixed joints with a thickness of 30.0 mm or more are the target products in the rocket-space and aviation industries. At the same time, it is most prone to the formation of defects due to uneven heat distribution throughout the height of the blank. It can lead to a violation of the adhesive interaction between the weld metal and the tool and can even lead to a destruction of the welding tool. The purpose of this work is to reveal regularities of welding tool destruction depending on parameters of friction stir welding process of aluminum alloy AA5056 fixed joints with a thickness of 35.0 mm. Following research methods were used in the work: the obtaining of fixed joints was carried out by friction welding with mixing, the production of samples for research was carried out by electric erosion cutting, the study of samples was carried out using optical metallography methods. Results and discussion. As a result of performed studies, it is revealed that samples of aluminum alloy with a thickness of 35.0 mm have a heterogeneous structure through the height of weld. There are the tool shoulder effect zone and the pin effect zone, in which certain whirling of weld material caused by the presence of grooves on tool surface is distinctly distinguished. It is shown that the zone of shoulders effect is the most exposed to the formation of tunnel-type defects because of low loading force and high welding speeds. It is revealed that tool destruction occurs tangentially to the surface of the tool grooves due to the high tool load and high welding speeds.","PeriodicalId":42889,"journal":{"name":"Obrabotka Metallov-Metal Working and Material Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47681790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low energy mechanical treatment of non-stoichiometric titanium carbide powder","authors":"T. Sablina, I. Sevostyanova","doi":"10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.3-112-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.3-112-123","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The practical significance of non-stoichiometric titanium carbides TiCх in various fields of technology and in medicine is expanding. In this regard, it is important to investigate both methods of obtaining titanium carbide powder and its properties in a wide range of stoichiometry. One of the effective ways to influence the physical and mechanical properties of powder systems is its mechanical treatment. Under shock-shear action, which is realized during processing in a ball mill, mechanical energy is transferred to the powder system, as a result of which it is ground, centers with increased activity on newly formed surfaces are formed; phase transformations, crystal lattice deformation, amorphization, formation of defects, etc. are possible. The aim of this work is to study the effect of low-energy mechanical treatment in a ball mill on the structure, phase composition and parameters of the fine crystal structure of non-stoichiometric titanium carbide powder obtained by reduction of titanium oxide with carbon and calcium. Materials and methods. Powder of titanium carbide TiC, obtained by calcium carbonization of titanium oxide was investigated. The powder was treated in a drum type ball mill. The structure of the powders before and after treatment was studied using the Philips SEM 515 scanning electron microscope. The specific surface area was determined by the BET method. The phase composition and parameters of the fine crystal structure of powder materials were investigated by X-ray analyzes. Results and discussion. It was established that an increase of the time of mechanical treatment in a ball mill of a non-stoichiometric titanium carbide powder TiC0.7 leads to an increase in the specific surface area of the powder from 0.6 to 3.4 m2 / g, and the average particle size calculated from it decreases from 2 μm to 360 nm. It is shown that in the process of treatment of the non-stoichiometric titanium carbide TiC0.7 powder, its structural phase state changes. Powder particles consist of two structural components with different atomic ratio of carbon to titanium: TiC0.65 and TiC0.48. Mechanical treatment of titanium carbide powder leads to a decrease in the microstresses of the TiCx crystal lattice and the size of coherently diffracting domains (CDD) from 55 to 30 nm for the TiC0.48 phase. For the TiC0.65 phase, with an increase in the duration of mechanical treatment, as well as for TiC0.48, the size of CDD decreases, and the level of microdistortions of the crystal lattice increases. This indicates that in the process of mechanical treatment, not only the grinding of powder particles occurs, but also an increase in its defects.","PeriodicalId":42889,"journal":{"name":"Obrabotka Metallov-Metal Working and Material Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46096229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of alloys developed using the entropy approach","authors":"Z. Bataeva, A. Ruktuev, I. Ivanov, A. Yurgin, I. Bataev","doi":"10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.2-116-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.2-116-146","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a review of studies on the development and characterization of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). It is structured in the following way. Alloys’ design strategy based on entropy approach. Expectations and modern perceptions. This section describes the initial principles of multicomponent alloys design which provide stable structure and mechanical properties. It is noted that the role of high mixing entropy in the formation of disordered solid solutions and the suppression of the brittle intermetallic phases formation have been significantly reconsidered over time. Currently, obtaining a single-phase solid solution structure is not the main requirement for HEAs. The composition of HEAs. This section describes some typical multicomponent alloys having different elemental compositions. It is shown, that at present time the most studied alloys are based on 3-d transition elements. Using alloys of this group the possibility of providing both high and low values of strength and ductility is shown. Fabrication methods of HEAs. This section describes the methods for the fabrication of high-entropy alloys. It is noted that the most commonly used methods are based on the melting of the initial materials and its subsequent crystallization. Such methods of HEAs fabrication as powder metallurgy, magnetron sputtering, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, melt spinning, and diffusion welding are also discussed. Structure of HEAs. This section provides the data on HEAs possessing multiphase structure and containing fine nanosized precipitates. Besides, the studies in which HEAs have been obtained in the form of metallic glasses, carbides, oxides, and borides are reviewed. The factors that can affect the structural state of the multicomponent alloys are discussed. The ambiguity of opinions of different research groups is noted. Properties of HEAs. This section mainly concentrates on the mechanical properties of HEAs. However, some other promising properties of HEAs like high wear resistance and reduced diffusivity are also discussed. Plastic deformation of HEAs. This section describes the evolution of the structure and properties of HEAs caused by thermal and mechanical processing. Characterization methods of HEAs. This section lists the characterization techniques, which are most frequently used to study HEAs. The structure of these alloys is mainly studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. The methods for properties measurements are also briefly reviewed. Application of HEAs. This section describes the promising fields of HEAs application. It can be utilized in the aerospace, aircraft, and nuclear industries as well as for car manufacturing, austoelectronics, and in the design of microwave devices. Russian-language publications on HEAs. This section lists the studies, published in the Russian language as well as the thesis, done in Russian univers","PeriodicalId":42889,"journal":{"name":"Obrabotka Metallov-Metal Working and Material Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46959546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structure, Phase Composition and Micromechanical Properties of Briquetted Aluminum","authors":"N. Pugacheva, N. Babailov, T. Bykova, Y. Loginov","doi":"10.17212/1994-6309-2020-22.3-82-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2020-22.3-82-94","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42889,"journal":{"name":"Obrabotka Metallov-Metal Working and Material Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42920251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Possibility of Finishing Laser processing of Aluminum Alloy D16 Workpieces","authors":"A. Kisel’, D. Belan, G. Toder","doi":"10.17212/1994-6309-2020-22.3-33-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2020-22.3-33-43","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42889,"journal":{"name":"Obrabotka Metallov-Metal Working and Material Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48785296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Temperature and Cutting Force with Tool Wear and Vibration in Metal Turning","authors":"V. Lapshin, V. Khristoforova, S. Nosachev","doi":"10.17212/1994-6309-2020-22.3-44-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2020-22.3-44-58","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42889,"journal":{"name":"Obrabotka Metallov-Metal Working and Material Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46043982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}