Summary The ancient Egyptian herbal genre remains poorly documented, with only two fragmentary herbal treatises and a few handfuls of isolated herbal entries preserved. Recently, however, an herbal treatise has come to light, which is so far only published in part, and which provides important new information on this branch of ancient Egyptian medical practice. The treatise is recorded in pLouvre E 32847 + pCarlsberg 917 and differs significantly from the rest of the extant herbal corpus in that it concerns a single plant and its seed exclusively. As such, the treatise represents a subtype of the herbal genre, which we might term the specialized herbal . It presents a more nuanced image of the herbal genre and the reasons for recording botanical knowledge. At the same time, certain passages in the treatise mirror the structure, vocabulary, and grammatical constructions found in the rest of the corpus, confirming that herbals existed in a standardized format already at the beginning of the New Kingdom, if not earlier. In this paper I present an overview of the extant herbal corpus and discuss what the addition of the specialized treatise in pLouvre-Carlsberg means for our understanding of the herbal genre in ancient Egypt This paper is derived from a chapter of my unpublished PhD dissertation, Medical Science in Ancient Egypt: A Translation and Interpretation of Papyrus Louvre-Carlsberg (pLouvre E 32847 + pCarlsberg 917) (Copenhagen, 2020)..
古埃及草药流派的文献记录很差，只有两篇支离破碎的草药论文和几篇孤立的草药条目被保存下来。然而，最近，一篇草药论文浮出水面，迄今为止只出版了一部分，它提供了关于古埃及医疗实践这一分支的重要新信息。这篇论文记录在pLouvre E 32847 + pCarlsberg 917，与现存的草药语料库的其余部分有很大的不同，因为它只涉及一种植物和它的种子。因此，这篇论文代表了草药流派的一个子类型，我们可以称之为专门的草药。它提出了一个更细致入微的形象的草药流派和记录植物学知识的原因。同时，论文中的某些段落反映了语料库中其他部分的结构、词汇和语法结构，证实了草药在新王国开始时就已经以标准化的形式存在了，如果不是更早的话。在本文中，我对现存的草药语料库进行了概述，并讨论了pLouvre-Carlsberg的专业论文的增加对我们理解古埃及草药流派的意义。本文来源于我未发表的博士论文《古埃及的医学科学:纸莎草卢浮宫-嘉士伯(pLouvre E 32847 + pCarlsberg 917)的翻译和解释》(Copenhagen, 2020)中的一章。</fnote>
{"title":"“Its Leaves Are Like the Daughter of the Willow”: The Herbal Genre in Ancient Egypt","authors":"Sofie Schiødt","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The ancient Egyptian herbal genre remains poorly documented, with only two fragmentary herbal treatises and a few handfuls of isolated herbal entries preserved. Recently, however, an herbal treatise has come to light, which is so far only published in part, and which provides important new information on this branch of ancient Egyptian medical practice. The treatise is recorded in pLouvre E 32847 + pCarlsberg 917 and differs significantly from the rest of the extant herbal corpus in that it concerns a single plant and its seed exclusively. As such, the treatise represents a subtype of the herbal genre, which we might term the specialized herbal . It presents a more nuanced image of the herbal genre and the reasons for recording botanical knowledge. At the same time, certain passages in the treatise mirror the structure, vocabulary, and grammatical constructions found in the rest of the corpus, confirming that herbals existed in a standardized format already at the beginning of the New Kingdom, if not earlier. In this paper I present an overview of the extant herbal corpus and discuss what the addition of the specialized treatise in pLouvre-Carlsberg means for our understanding of the herbal genre in ancient Egypt<fnote> This paper is derived from a chapter of my unpublished PhD dissertation, Medical Science in Ancient Egypt: A Translation and Interpretation of Papyrus Louvre-Carlsberg (pLouvre E 32847 + pCarlsberg 917) (Copenhagen, 2020).</fnote>.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"55 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135683885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The wooden tablet Leipzig ÄMUL 5512 has been studied a few times but the understanding of crucial parts is still problematic. A detailed analysis is given here, including questions of its materiality. It is proposed that it documents the settlement of a dispute about the permission to bury somebody, probably with in a rather narrow family circle.
{"title":"Fieser Fluch oder gütliche Einigung? Das Rätsel des Holzobjekts ÄMUL 5512","authors":"Joachim Friedrich Quack","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The wooden tablet Leipzig ÄMUL 5512 has been studied a few times but the understanding of crucial parts is still problematic. A detailed analysis is given here, including questions of its materiality. It is proposed that it documents the settlement of a dispute about the permission to bury somebody, probably with in a rather narrow family circle.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"20 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Reedition of P. BM EA 10077, a unique mummification contract from Ptolemaic Thebes, rejecting earlier interpretations linking the document with the provision of embalming materials and the seventy-day mummification period.
p.m EA 10077的再版，来自托勒密底比斯的一份独特的木乃伊制作合同，拒绝了早先将该文件与提供防腐材料和70天木乃伊制作期联系起来的解释。
{"title":"A Dead Man’s Contract: P. BM EA 10077 Revisited","authors":"Gert Baetens","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2021-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Reedition of P. BM EA 10077, a unique mummification contract from Ptolemaic Thebes, rejecting earlier interpretations linking the document with the provision of embalming materials and the seventy-day mummification period.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"55 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135683884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Study of Harwerre’s inscription at Serabit el-Khadim (IS 90; year 6 of Amenemhat III). Part 1 offers a philological discussion and new translation of this difficult text. Part 2 shows how the textual composition is patterned throughout on all hierarchical levels. (A proposal for calibration in prosodically patterned Middle Kingdom texts is outlined, differing from both Fechtian “metrics” and Fosterian “thought couplets.”) The patterning extends to deep rhythmical levels, supporting the hypothesis that the text could have been recited on occasions. The overall form of the composition, at once bipartite and concentric, foregrounds the turn to success brought about by the king’s “might” ( bȝw ). Superimposed on this, a concentric framing, rhythmical patterning, and phonetic echoes concur in celebrating “Hathor” ( ḥwt-ḥr ) as lady of the “beautiful skin” ( ỉnm nfr ). Part 3 relates the textual composition to its contexts: the stela on which it is inscribed, the place where that stela stands, and the time of Amenemhat III. This is tightly integrated with the other pictorial and written elements on the stela whose two faces mediate between the powers in the sanctuary (eastern face) and the incoming visitor (western face). On the western face, the turn to success through the king is set in the exact middle lines 13–14 of the 26-line long textual inscription, meeting the incoming visitor at roughly eye’s height. Echoes of Harwerre’s text in neighboring inscriptions of the immediately following years attest to the local reception of an out-of-the-ordinary text and monument. The product of a composer versed in the patterns of contemporary poetry, the text is a token of a productive reception of such during the reign of Amenemhat III.
{"title":"Verbal Art in the Heat of the Sinai: Harwerre’s Inscription (IS 90)","authors":"Andréas Stauder","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Study of Harwerre’s inscription at Serabit el-Khadim (IS 90; year 6 of Amenemhat III). Part 1 offers a philological discussion and new translation of this difficult text. Part 2 shows how the textual composition is patterned throughout on all hierarchical levels. (A proposal for calibration in prosodically patterned Middle Kingdom texts is outlined, differing from both Fechtian “metrics” and Fosterian “thought couplets.”) The patterning extends to deep rhythmical levels, supporting the hypothesis that the text could have been recited on occasions. The overall form of the composition, at once bipartite and concentric, foregrounds the turn to success brought about by the king’s “might” ( bȝw ). Superimposed on this, a concentric framing, rhythmical patterning, and phonetic echoes concur in celebrating “Hathor” ( ḥwt-ḥr ) as lady of the “beautiful skin” ( ỉnm nfr ). Part 3 relates the textual composition to its contexts: the stela on which it is inscribed, the place where that stela stands, and the time of Amenemhat III. This is tightly integrated with the other pictorial and written elements on the stela whose two faces mediate between the powers in the sanctuary (eastern face) and the incoming visitor (western face). On the western face, the turn to success through the king is set in the exact middle lines 13–14 of the 26-line long textual inscription, meeting the incoming visitor at roughly eye’s height. Echoes of Harwerre’s text in neighboring inscriptions of the immediately following years attest to the local reception of an out-of-the-ordinary text and monument. The product of a composer versed in the patterns of contemporary poetry, the text is a token of a productive reception of such during the reign of Amenemhat III.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"56 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135683883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary In this paper, it is intended to put a spotlight on some of the more interesting sections of the Coffin Texts, originating from human error, visible in the variation between the witnesses. Besides showing the sections of text with these variations, explanations are provided on how the distinct variations could have occurred. For this paper, three topics of variation will be discussed: Variation due to errors caught by the scribes, variation due to redaction, by replacing pronouns with the name of the owner or changing double columns into singular columns or by abbreviating sections of text and finally variations due to homophony.
{"title":"Brilliant Corruptions: Scribal Influence on Variation in the Coffin Texts","authors":"Jorke Grotenhuis","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2021-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In this paper, it is intended to put a spotlight on some of the more interesting sections of the Coffin Texts, originating from human error, visible in the variation between the witnesses. Besides showing the sections of text with these variations, explanations are provided on how the distinct variations could have occurred. For this paper, three topics of variation will be discussed: Variation due to errors caught by the scribes, variation due to redaction, by replacing pronouns with the name of the owner or changing double columns into singular columns or by abbreviating sections of text and finally variations due to homophony.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The present paper deals with some hieratic ostraca from Gurna, stored in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo (NMEC). These ostraca are written on one side only, with black ink. They were found during the excavations led by Edda Bresciani in the 1970s from Thutmose IV’s temple at Gurna together with other ostraca written in different scripts: Demotic, Greek, and Coptic. The ostraca are administrative, and their topics are various. According to the content, as well as the paleography of script, these ostraca probably date to the 18 th Dynasty and the Ramesside period. O. NMEC No. 409 and O. NMEC No. 339 probably date to the 18 th Dynasty while O. NMEC No. 406, O. NMEC No. 342, and O. NMEC No. 449 are dated to the Ramesside period.
{"title":"Unpublished Administrative Ostraca from Gurna","authors":"Marwa Ewais, Maher Eissa","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The present paper deals with some hieratic ostraca from Gurna, stored in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo (NMEC). These ostraca are written on one side only, with black ink. They were found during the excavations led by Edda Bresciani in the 1970s from Thutmose IV’s temple at Gurna together with other ostraca written in different scripts: Demotic, Greek, and Coptic. The ostraca are administrative, and their topics are various. According to the content, as well as the paleography of script, these ostraca probably date to the 18 th Dynasty and the Ramesside period. O. NMEC No. 409 and O. NMEC No. 339 probably date to the 18 th Dynasty while O. NMEC No. 406, O. NMEC No. 342, and O. NMEC No. 449 are dated to the Ramesside period.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"55 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135683888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary This article presents the publication of three royal calcite fragments from the basement of the Egyptian museum Cairo, illustrated with different funerary depictions on both sides. On the front side they are decorated with varied sections from the sixth, seventh and eighth hour of the Book of the Gate – showing also at one of them the personal name with a cartouche of Seti I, and on the reverse side there are some small texts from the spells 72, 180, 181 of the Book of the Dead inscribed. Due to their depicted scenes and textual representations, these fragments refer to the same decorative program of the fragments of the sarcophagus lid of Seti I, and also their characteristic traits show consistency with the similar iconographic and the paleographic features of the lid’s fragments. Thus, these fragments can be identified as part of the sarcophagus lid of Seti I and belonging to his decoration units, which are providing an innovative perspective for illustrated funerary literature and a significant combination between an underworld book and other diverse religious texts at the beginning of 19th Dynasty.
{"title":"Neue Alabasterfragmente aus dem Sarkophagdeckel Sethos‘ I. im Kairener Museum","authors":"Khaled Abdel Ghany","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This article presents the publication of three royal calcite fragments from the basement of the Egyptian museum Cairo, illustrated with different funerary depictions on both sides. On the front side they are decorated with varied sections from the sixth, seventh and eighth hour of the Book of the Gate – showing also at one of them the personal name with a cartouche of Seti I, and on the reverse side there are some small texts from the spells 72, 180, 181 of the Book of the Dead inscribed. Due to their depicted scenes and textual representations, these fragments refer to the same decorative program of the fragments of the sarcophagus lid of Seti I, and also their characteristic traits show consistency with the similar iconographic and the paleographic features of the lid’s fragments. Thus, these fragments can be identified as part of the sarcophagus lid of Seti I and belonging to his decoration units, which are providing an innovative perspective for illustrated funerary literature and a significant combination between an underworld book and other diverse religious texts at the beginning of 19th Dynasty.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"56 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135684053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The Coptic correspondences of Thebes are not only characterized by the variety of topics but also by some formulae that have become a distinctive feature of this region. The aim of the present paper is to publish four Coptic letters on ostraka; they are now kept in the Abou El-Goud storage magazine in Luxor. Although there is no information on their provenance, they are certainly written in the Theban area.
{"title":"Four Coptic Letters from Thebes","authors":"Ahmed T. A. Khalil","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2021-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The Coptic correspondences of Thebes are not only characterized by the variety of topics but also by some formulae that have become a distinctive feature of this region. The aim of the present paper is to publish four Coptic letters on ostraka; they are now kept in the Abou El-Goud storage magazine in Luxor. Although there is no information on their provenance, they are certainly written in the Theban area.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"56 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135684059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1515/zaes-2023-frontmatter2
{"title":"Titelseiten","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2023-frontmatter2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2023-frontmatter2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"20 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The tomb owner’s figure dominates scenes displayed on elite tomb-chapel walls, forming an essential part of the medium’s repertoire. Yet among funerary models, the tomb owner rarely appears. While the two artistic media exhibit many similarities in design, their representation of the tomb owner forms one of several distinguishing features that are rarely acknowledged. This paper examines the presence and absence of the tomb owner in wall scenes and funerary models from the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. It is here proposed that this difference in representation can be explained by the two artistic media’s contrasting technical properties and location in the tomb.
{"title":"Presence and Absence of the Tomb Owner in Wall Scenes and Funerary Models","authors":"Georgia Barker","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2021-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The tomb owner’s figure dominates scenes displayed on elite tomb-chapel walls, forming an essential part of the medium’s repertoire. Yet among funerary models, the tomb owner rarely appears. While the two artistic media exhibit many similarities in design, their representation of the tomb owner forms one of several distinguishing features that are rarely acknowledged. This paper examines the presence and absence of the tomb owner in wall scenes and funerary models from the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. It is here proposed that this difference in representation can be explained by the two artistic media’s contrasting technical properties and location in the tomb.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"56 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135684058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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