Summary The quantification of Ancient Egyptian drugs has been the subject of debate since the end of the 19 th century due to the lack of the units of measurement in the medical papyri and ostraca. While the reading of one of the main units, the corn-measure, was relatively clear from the beginning due to its specific set of numbers, the other main unit, the dja, could be identified and correctly calculated only at the beginning of the 21 st century. In addition to these systems, some recipes of the Papyri Ebers and Hearst use another measure which seems to be restricted to honey. The article gives an overview of previous proposals for its definition, suggests a new reading and, after re-evaluating the recipes in question, it presents its most probable volume value.
{"title":"Das Honigmaß der Papyri Ebers und Hearst","authors":"Tanja Pommerening, Lutz Popko","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2021-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The quantification of Ancient Egyptian drugs has been the subject of debate since the end of the 19 th century due to the lack of the units of measurement in the medical papyri and ostraca. While the reading of one of the main units, the corn-measure, was relatively clear from the beginning due to its specific set of numbers, the other main unit, the dja, could be identified and correctly calculated only at the beginning of the 21 st century. In addition to these systems, some recipes of the Papyri Ebers and Hearst use another measure which seems to be restricted to honey. The article gives an overview of previous proposals for its definition, suggests a new reading and, after re-evaluating the recipes in question, it presents its most probable volume value.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"55 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135683886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The 18 th Dynasty of Egypt saw the introduction of various new artistic elements often described as ‘expressive’ or ‘naturalistic’. This development appears to have occurred within a short time span, and many of its details remain unclear. This article examines this phenomenon with particular focus on palace decorations from Tell el-Dab’a, Malqata and Amarna. The three sites display many artistic commonalities, despite the changes in temple decoration that occurred within the same period. It is proposed that this discrepancy reflects two separate strands of artistic development, namely (i) a canonical style predominantly found in religious and funerary contexts; and (ii) a ‘dynamic’ style that is epitomised by the palace decorations. Analyses are made regarding the development of the dynamic style, its influence on Amarna art, as well as the mechanism of its transmission.
{"title":"The Canonical and the Dynamic: A Model for Understanding Artistic Change in the 18<sup>th</sup> Dynasty","authors":"Jun Yi Wong","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2021-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The 18 th Dynasty of Egypt saw the introduction of various new artistic elements often described as ‘expressive’ or ‘naturalistic’. This development appears to have occurred within a short time span, and many of its details remain unclear. This article examines this phenomenon with particular focus on palace decorations from Tell el-Dab’a, Malqata and Amarna. The three sites display many artistic commonalities, despite the changes in temple decoration that occurred within the same period. It is proposed that this discrepancy reflects two separate strands of artistic development, namely (i) a canonical style predominantly found in religious and funerary contexts; and (ii) a ‘dynamic’ style that is epitomised by the palace decorations. Analyses are made regarding the development of the dynamic style, its influence on Amarna art, as well as the mechanism of its transmission.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"21 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary This article offers the first edition of a Demotic papyrus fragment of early Roman date and of uncertain, probably Fayumic, provenance in the collection of the Hamburg State and University Library Carl von Ossietzky. The fragment preserves parts of two columns of a hitherto unattested enigmatic religious work, for which mostly only distant and short parallels can be found in the evidence currently available to us in any of the Egyptian languages and scripts used in the Late and Graeco-Roman Periods. The only relatively close parallel that we are aware of is a slightly modified form of a sentence that occurs in the composition known as ‘The Great Decree Issued to the Nome of the Silent Land’. The vocabulary and the meagre parallels suggest that we may be catching a glimpse of a previously unknown work of Osirian religious literature. This article provides a general introduction, a transcription and translation of the text, as well as a commentary.
这篇文章提供了一个早期罗马时代的Demotic纸莎草碎片的第一版，它的来源不确定，可能是法尤米奇，在汉堡州立和大学图书馆Carl von Ossietzky的收藏中。该碎片保存了迄今为止未经证实的神秘宗教作品的两列部分内容，在我们目前掌握的证据中，在晚期和希腊罗马时期使用的任何埃及语言和文字中，大多数只能找到遥远而短暂的相似之处。我们所知道的唯一一个相对接近的相似之处是在被称为“颁布给寂静之地之名的伟大法令”的作文中出现的一个句子的轻微修改形式。这些词汇和很少的相似之处表明，我们可能瞥见了一部以前不为人知的奥西莉亚宗教文学作品。本文提供了一个总的介绍，文本的转录和翻译，以及评论。
{"title":"Demotic Papyrus Hamburg 39 (inv. no. 35.2806): A New Religious Text from Roman Egypt","authors":"Csaba La’da","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2021-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This article offers the first edition of a Demotic papyrus fragment of early Roman date and of uncertain, probably Fayumic, provenance in the collection of the Hamburg State and University Library Carl von Ossietzky. The fragment preserves parts of two columns of a hitherto unattested enigmatic religious work, for which mostly only distant and short parallels can be found in the evidence currently available to us in any of the Egyptian languages and scripts used in the Late and Graeco-Roman Periods. The only relatively close parallel that we are aware of is a slightly modified form of a sentence that occurs in the composition known as ‘The Great Decree Issued to the Nome of the Silent Land’. The vocabulary and the meagre parallels suggest that we may be catching a glimpse of a previously unknown work of Osirian religious literature. This article provides a general introduction, a transcription and translation of the text, as well as a commentary.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"56 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135684057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1515/zaes-2023-frontmatter1
{"title":"Titelseiten","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2023-frontmatter1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2023-frontmatter1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136284512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.11588/PROPYLAEUMDOK.00004601
Christoffer Theis
The article compiles all in situ finds of magical bricks, which were placed in niches around the body inside the grave that are known so far. It is demonstrated that the text of the ritual described in the Book of the Dead spell 151 is not put to practice exactly as written. The archaeological evidence shows an entirely different approach by the ancient priests, who used the bricks in a more practical way rather than following the strict instructions described in BD 151.
{"title":"Wenn Archäologie und Philologie nicht harmonieren. Magische Ziegel, ihre Nischen und Totenbuchspruch 151d–g","authors":"Christoffer Theis","doi":"10.11588/PROPYLAEUMDOK.00004601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/PROPYLAEUMDOK.00004601","url":null,"abstract":"The article compiles all in situ finds of magical bricks, which were placed in niches around the body inside the grave that are known so far. It is demonstrated that the text of the ritual described in the Book of the Dead spell 151 is not put to practice exactly as written. The archaeological evidence shows an entirely different approach by the ancient priests, who used the bricks in a more practical way rather than following the strict instructions described in BD 151.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"18 1","pages":"85-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74355047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heinz Josef Thissen","authors":"H. Thissen","doi":"10.1515/zaes-2015-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2015-0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"54 1","pages":"97-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86874053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.11588/PROPYLAEUMDOK.00003223
W. Schenkel
Traditionally (Sethe/Gardiner), the difference between reduplicated (formerly 'geminated') and non-reduplicated participles is seen to lie in tense/ aspect. According to more recent interpretations, the choice of the reduplicated participle is determined by the aspect of plurality (Schenkel), distributivity (Allen) and/or intensification (Jansen-Winkeln). The observation that provided a point of departure (Schenkel), and which now forms the basis for a refutation (Depuydt), is the juxtaposition of phrases such as mr.y it(i)=f "beloved of his father" and mrr.w śn(·w.w)=f "beloved of his brothers". The thesis presented here is that in the case of mr.y as opposed to mrr.w, for example, we are dealing not with a simple paradigmatic opposition of participles but rather that mr.y, which lexicographers have classified as a participle, is in fact a substantivized participle, i.e. is a substantive, whereas mrr.w, which pre-Polotsky, when used in relative constructions, was considered to be a participle, should, according to Polotsky, be understood as a Relative Form and not a participle. As a consequence, the juxtaposition of mr.y and mrr.w alone does not enable one to prove either the contextual (paradigmatic) relevance or irrelevance of the aspects of plurality, distributivity or intensification. Not affected is the co-textual relevance of plurality, distributivity or intensification since the choice of reduplicated Relative Forms obviously (also) depends on co-textual factors.
{"title":"Merkmalloses versus pluralisches/distributives/intensives Partizip. Kritik der Ausgangsbeobachtungen","authors":"W. Schenkel","doi":"10.11588/PROPYLAEUMDOK.00003223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/PROPYLAEUMDOK.00003223","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally (Sethe/Gardiner), the difference between reduplicated (formerly 'geminated') and non-reduplicated participles is seen to lie in tense/ aspect. According to more recent interpretations, the choice of the reduplicated participle is determined by the aspect of plurality (Schenkel), distributivity (Allen) and/or intensification (Jansen-Winkeln). The observation that provided a point of departure (Schenkel), and which now forms the basis for a refutation (Depuydt), is the juxtaposition of phrases such as mr.y it(i)=f \"beloved of his father\" and mrr.w śn(·w.w)=f \"beloved of his brothers\". The thesis presented here is that in the case of mr.y as opposed to mrr.w, for example, we are dealing not with a simple paradigmatic opposition of participles but rather that mr.y, which lexicographers have classified as a participle, is in fact a substantivized participle, i.e. is a substantive, whereas mrr.w, which pre-Polotsky, when used in relative constructions, was considered to be a participle, should, according to Polotsky, be understood as a Relative Form and not a participle. As a consequence, the juxtaposition of mr.y and mrr.w alone does not enable one to prove either the contextual (paradigmatic) relevance or irrelevance of the aspects of plurality, distributivity or intensification. Not affected is the co-textual relevance of plurality, distributivity or intensification since the choice of reduplicated Relative Forms obviously (also) depends on co-textual factors.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"27 1","pages":"63-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82948380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1524/zaes.2007.134.1.50
A. Thijs
In ZAS 132 the author presented a scenario in which Ramses XI Menmare was succeeded by king Khakheperre Pinuzem, who in turn was succeeded by king Herihor. The present article further substantiates the theory that the High Priest Pinuzem, son of Piankh, served under king Herihor and was a different individual from king Khakheperre Pinuzem. The scenes in the Temple of Khonsu are reinter-preted in the light of this "two Pinuzem scenario", showing that royal scenes cut for the king were later usurped by the High Priest.
{"title":"The scenes of the High Priest Pinuzem in the Temple of Khonsu","authors":"A. Thijs","doi":"10.1524/zaes.2007.134.1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1524/zaes.2007.134.1.50","url":null,"abstract":"In ZAS 132 the author presented a scenario in which Ramses XI Menmare was succeeded by king Khakheperre Pinuzem, who in turn was succeeded by king Herihor. The present article further substantiates the theory that the High Priest Pinuzem, son of Piankh, served under king Herihor and was a different individual from king Khakheperre Pinuzem. The scenes in the Temple of Khonsu are reinter-preted in the light of this \"two Pinuzem scenario\", showing that royal scenes cut for the king were later usurped by the High Priest.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"45 1","pages":"50-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72599365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.11588/PROPYLAEUMDOK.00003112
W. Schenkel
The Passive scm(.w)=f can be identified as two verbal forms with different formations, one Perfect and one Future (Prospective). The difference manifests itself when the forms have a nominal subject: In the Perfect, a-w ending can appear in two cases: firstly, with 2-radical verbs with the stem pattern AB and with 4-radical verbs with the stem pattern ABAB; secondly, with verbs of various classes preceding the preposition n plus a (single consonant) suffix pronoun, where the preposition is linked enclitically to the verb form. By contrast, in the Future the -w ending appears only with ult.inf. verbs regardless of their context. Examples with pronominal subject are infrequently attested and a difference between Perfect and Future is not discernible: In both cases the endings -w or -y are attested with III.inf. verbs; with the Perfect, the ending -w is also occasionally found with 4-radical verbs with the stem pattern ABAB.
{"title":"Das scm(.w)=f-Passiv, Perfekt vs. Futur, nach dem Zeugnis der Sargtexte","authors":"W. Schenkel","doi":"10.11588/PROPYLAEUMDOK.00003112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/PROPYLAEUMDOK.00003112","url":null,"abstract":"The Passive scm(.w)=f can be identified as two verbal forms with different formations, one Perfect and one Future (Prospective). The difference manifests itself when the forms have a nominal subject: In the Perfect, a-w ending can appear in two cases: firstly, with 2-radical verbs with the stem pattern AB and with 4-radical verbs with the stem pattern ABAB; secondly, with verbs of various classes preceding the preposition n plus a (single consonant) suffix pronoun, where the preposition is linked enclitically to the verb form. By contrast, in the Future the -w ending appears only with ult.inf. verbs regardless of their context. Examples with pronominal subject are infrequently attested and a difference between Perfect and Future is not discernible: In both cases the endings -w or -y are attested with III.inf. verbs; with the Perfect, the ending -w is also occasionally found with 4-radical verbs with the stem pattern ABAB.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"29 1","pages":"173-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82293946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.11588/PROPYLAEUMDOK.00002733
K. Jansen-Winkeln
In Egyptian, two different grammatical constructions are classified as genitive: the so-called direct and indirect genitive. Generally, the two constructions differ in syntax and meaning, but they may occur in free variation as well as in complementary distribution. The differences between them can not be explained by a single principle, they are complementary in many respects. In Later Egyptian, there seem to be two different uses of the indirect genitive: as an expression of belonging or dependence vs. an expression of qualification. It can be shown that these uses already existed in Earlier Egyptian, when they were rendered by two different kinds of nisbe-adjectives: the normal nisbe to express the relationship of belonging or dependence, and the reciprocal nisbe to express qualification.
{"title":"Bemerkungen zum 'genetiv' im Agyptischen","authors":"K. Jansen-Winkeln","doi":"10.11588/PROPYLAEUMDOK.00002733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/PROPYLAEUMDOK.00002733","url":null,"abstract":"In Egyptian, two different grammatical constructions are classified as genitive: the so-called direct and indirect genitive. Generally, the two constructions differ in syntax and meaning, but they may occur in free variation as well as in complementary distribution. The differences between them can not be explained by a single principle, they are complementary in many respects. In Later Egyptian, there seem to be two different uses of the indirect genitive: as an expression of belonging or dependence vs. an expression of qualification. It can be shown that these uses already existed in Earlier Egyptian, when they were rendered by two different kinds of nisbe-adjectives: the normal nisbe to express the relationship of belonging or dependence, and the reciprocal nisbe to express qualification.","PeriodicalId":42916,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AGYPTISCHE SPRACHE UND ALTERTUMSKUNDE","volume":"35 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78381235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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