This article presents for the first time a file of petitions sent to Lord Byron, now held in the John Murray Archive of the National Library of Scotland (MS 43523) and catalogued in 2022. It analyses a sample of the letters and argues that Byron’s correspondents (all outside his regular social circle) framed their requests for assistance based on their reading of scenes of philanthropy in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and the Turkish Tales, where the image of the Byronic hero was consolidated. The article goes on to discuss the nature of the Byronic hero’s imaginary giving, characterised by secrecy and unknowability, and why this model was attractive to petitioners in real life. Byronic philanthropy thus provides a new lens to examine the entanglements between literary and epistolary and material cultures in the Romantic period, as well as offering scholars valuable new evidence of Byron’s personal generosity and charitable practices.
{"title":"‘Such conduct bears Philanthropy’s rare stamp’: The Byronic Hero’s Good Works","authors":"Andrew Rudd","doi":"10.3366/rom.2023.0612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/rom.2023.0612","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents for the first time a file of petitions sent to Lord Byron, now held in the John Murray Archive of the National Library of Scotland (MS 43523) and catalogued in 2022. It analyses a sample of the letters and argues that Byron’s correspondents (all outside his regular social circle) framed their requests for assistance based on their reading of scenes of philanthropy in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and the Turkish Tales, where the image of the Byronic hero was consolidated. The article goes on to discuss the nature of the Byronic hero’s imaginary giving, characterised by secrecy and unknowability, and why this model was attractive to petitioners in real life. Byronic philanthropy thus provides a new lens to examine the entanglements between literary and epistolary and material cultures in the Romantic period, as well as offering scholars valuable new evidence of Byron’s personal generosity and charitable practices.","PeriodicalId":42939,"journal":{"name":"Romanticism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136159825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates the socioeconomic contexts of Wordsworth’s Peter Bell in relation to Peter’s ‘profession’ – to use Wordsworth’s term, when he wrote that first among the ‘great defects’ of Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner is that the protagonist ‘has no distinct character … in his profession of Mariner’. Peter Bell is a ‘potter’; Wordsworth’s footnote to the 1819 first edition defines this as ‘a hawker of earthenware’. Modern scholarship accepts the northern definition of potter as ‘pedlar’, effacing the connection to pottery. Yet evidence in the poem suggests that Wordsworth understood the socioeconomic contexts of the poem’s Swaledale setting in 1798–1800, with particular knowledge of the area’s role as the heart of Britain’s lead-mining industry. Peter’s presence in Swaledale links him, through his ‘professions’, to lead mining in the Pennines; and through lead mining, to the Staffordshire pottery industry and Wordsworth and Coleridge’s friends and patrons, Tom Wedgwood and Josiah Wedgwood II.
{"title":"Peter Bell’s Professions","authors":"Christopher Simons","doi":"10.3366/rom.2023.0609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/rom.2023.0609","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the socioeconomic contexts of Wordsworth’s Peter Bell in relation to Peter’s ‘profession’ – to use Wordsworth’s term, when he wrote that first among the ‘great defects’ of Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner is that the protagonist ‘has no distinct character … in his profession of Mariner’. Peter Bell is a ‘potter’; Wordsworth’s footnote to the 1819 first edition defines this as ‘a hawker of earthenware’. Modern scholarship accepts the northern definition of potter as ‘pedlar’, effacing the connection to pottery. Yet evidence in the poem suggests that Wordsworth understood the socioeconomic contexts of the poem’s Swaledale setting in 1798–1800, with particular knowledge of the area’s role as the heart of Britain’s lead-mining industry. Peter’s presence in Swaledale links him, through his ‘professions’, to lead mining in the Pennines; and through lead mining, to the Staffordshire pottery industry and Wordsworth and Coleridge’s friends and patrons, Tom Wedgwood and Josiah Wedgwood II.","PeriodicalId":42939,"journal":{"name":"Romanticism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Andrew Franta, Systems Failure: The Uses of Disorder in English Literature","authors":"Aileen Douglas","doi":"10.3366/rom.2023.0602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/rom.2023.0602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42939,"journal":{"name":"Romanticism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44979328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jane Austen’s men are central to her immortality and enduring appeal in the twenty-first century. This article links the intertextual imagining and re-imagining of Austen’s men with her own textual practice in the Romantic Era. Drawing on emerging methodologies for identifying and interpreting literary influence in the Romantic Era, threads of influence are established between Austen and contemporary Romantic-Era novelists, including Jane West, Hannah More, Maria Edgeworth, Sydney Owenson and Jane Porter. Reading these novelists collectively reveals a shared authorial undertaking in interrogating and rewriting masculinity through fictional genres emerging in the Romantic Era.
{"title":"Austen’s Men, Immortality and Intertextuality","authors":"Sarah Ailwood","doi":"10.3366/rom.2023.0596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/rom.2023.0596","url":null,"abstract":"Jane Austen’s men are central to her immortality and enduring appeal in the twenty-first century. This article links the intertextual imagining and re-imagining of Austen’s men with her own textual practice in the Romantic Era. Drawing on emerging methodologies for identifying and interpreting literary influence in the Romantic Era, threads of influence are established between Austen and contemporary Romantic-Era novelists, including Jane West, Hannah More, Maria Edgeworth, Sydney Owenson and Jane Porter. Reading these novelists collectively reveals a shared authorial undertaking in interrogating and rewriting masculinity through fictional genres emerging in the Romantic Era.","PeriodicalId":42939,"journal":{"name":"Romanticism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45948731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ian Newman, The Romantic Tavern: Literature and Conviviality in the Age of Revolution","authors":"J. Shears","doi":"10.3366/rom.2023.0603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/rom.2023.0603","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42939,"journal":{"name":"Romanticism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48922061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bethan Roberts, Charlotte Smith and the Sonnet: Form, Place and Tradition in the Late Eighteenth Century","authors":"V. Derbyshire","doi":"10.3366/rom.2023.0604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/rom.2023.0604","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42939,"journal":{"name":"Romanticism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43539536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To be familiar with Jane Austen’s reception history is to also be familiar with her work being frequently characterised as preoccupied with the minor and the inconsequential. This article asks how we might read Austen’s concern with the microhistorical alongside the Anthropocene. Focusing on Sanditon, a fragment with a close relationship to temporal discontinuity, this article responds to the macro/micro bifurcation of Anthropocene time by examining Sanditon, first, in relation to the volcanically induced climate change that occurred in its immediate context, and second, in the dark light of the Anthropocene. To read Sanditon as an ‘Austenocene’ text, hurtling towards catastrophe, reflects, like a carnival mirror, Austen’s own retrospective anticipation of 1816’s climatological disaster. Sanditon, ending when it is still beginning, invites anticipatory and exploratory readings. It is a fragment and a farce that yokes economic and geopolitical history with climatological history. It is a novel of ‘eighteen-hundred and froze to death’ and of the Anthropocene.
{"title":"Sanditon without a Summer","authors":"Amelia Dale","doi":"10.3366/rom.2023.0599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/rom.2023.0599","url":null,"abstract":"To be familiar with Jane Austen’s reception history is to also be familiar with her work being frequently characterised as preoccupied with the minor and the inconsequential. This article asks how we might read Austen’s concern with the microhistorical alongside the Anthropocene. Focusing on Sanditon, a fragment with a close relationship to temporal discontinuity, this article responds to the macro/micro bifurcation of Anthropocene time by examining Sanditon, first, in relation to the volcanically induced climate change that occurred in its immediate context, and second, in the dark light of the Anthropocene. To read Sanditon as an ‘Austenocene’ text, hurtling towards catastrophe, reflects, like a carnival mirror, Austen’s own retrospective anticipation of 1816’s climatological disaster. Sanditon, ending when it is still beginning, invites anticipatory and exploratory readings. It is a fragment and a farce that yokes economic and geopolitical history with climatological history. It is a novel of ‘eighteen-hundred and froze to death’ and of the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":42939,"journal":{"name":"Romanticism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46687823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay investigates Jane Austen’s early posthumous political reputation through several pieces of writing published in the early 1830s. It considers her brother Henry Austen’s biographical visions of her in terms of gender and authorship, in his ‘Memoir of Miss Austen’ (1833), which is an extended version of his earlier ‘Biographical Notice of the Author’, prefixed to Northanger Abbey and Persuasion (1818). The essay compares Henry’s characterisations of his sister in light of the political rhetoric of the early 1830s to conclude that Henry’s writing may have been joining debates over voting rights and women’s suffrage that took place shortly before he revised his memoir of his sister.
{"title":"Political Austen, Right and Left","authors":"D. Looser","doi":"10.3366/rom.2023.0598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/rom.2023.0598","url":null,"abstract":"This essay investigates Jane Austen’s early posthumous political reputation through several pieces of writing published in the early 1830s. It considers her brother Henry Austen’s biographical visions of her in terms of gender and authorship, in his ‘Memoir of Miss Austen’ (1833), which is an extended version of his earlier ‘Biographical Notice of the Author’, prefixed to Northanger Abbey and Persuasion (1818). The essay compares Henry’s characterisations of his sister in light of the political rhetoric of the early 1830s to conclude that Henry’s writing may have been joining debates over voting rights and women’s suffrage that took place shortly before he revised his memoir of his sister.","PeriodicalId":42939,"journal":{"name":"Romanticism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46796038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay considers the modern cultural forces behind Jane Austen’s fame by re-examining the commonplace hierarchical binaries that exist within the long history of Jane Austen’s reception – such as the tensions between scholarship and fandom, or elite and popular culture. It replaces the vertical axis upon which we commonly hang these binaries with a horizontal one, and reframes these competing forces as both centrifugal and centripetal in trajectory: centrifugal in one sense, owing to the passing of time, globalisation, the proliferation of genre and media, generating a myriad of afterlives; centripetal in another sense, as a counteracting desire to retain or recover the original, mortal figure of Austen the author (whether achievable or not). This reconceptualisation helps to reveal the ways in which this tension – so often negatively portrayed as a source of division and rancour in Austen scholarship and fandom – is actually the driving energy sustaining Austen’s seemingly endless fame. It does so by briefly considering Austen’s apotheosis in relation to Romantic notions of fame; the heteroglossic nature of Austen’s novels and their central role in generating diversifying cultural forces; and, how these contrasting cultural forces operate to sustain her modern iconic status. Centripetal and centrifugal forces are revealed to operate at key stages of Austen’s reception, but not always in balance. This suggestive discussion, then, is an examination of how this balance came to be.
{"title":"Jane Austen, Mortal Immortal (and Other Contrarieties of Fame)","authors":"E. Parisot","doi":"10.3366/rom.2023.0592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/rom.2023.0592","url":null,"abstract":"This essay considers the modern cultural forces behind Jane Austen’s fame by re-examining the commonplace hierarchical binaries that exist within the long history of Jane Austen’s reception – such as the tensions between scholarship and fandom, or elite and popular culture. It replaces the vertical axis upon which we commonly hang these binaries with a horizontal one, and reframes these competing forces as both centrifugal and centripetal in trajectory: centrifugal in one sense, owing to the passing of time, globalisation, the proliferation of genre and media, generating a myriad of afterlives; centripetal in another sense, as a counteracting desire to retain or recover the original, mortal figure of Austen the author (whether achievable or not). This reconceptualisation helps to reveal the ways in which this tension – so often negatively portrayed as a source of division and rancour in Austen scholarship and fandom – is actually the driving energy sustaining Austen’s seemingly endless fame. It does so by briefly considering Austen’s apotheosis in relation to Romantic notions of fame; the heteroglossic nature of Austen’s novels and their central role in generating diversifying cultural forces; and, how these contrasting cultural forces operate to sustain her modern iconic status. Centripetal and centrifugal forces are revealed to operate at key stages of Austen’s reception, but not always in balance. This suggestive discussion, then, is an examination of how this balance came to be.","PeriodicalId":42939,"journal":{"name":"Romanticism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42418559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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