{"title":"Comparison of left atrial function between hypertensive patients with normal atrial size and normotensive subjects using strain rate imaging technique","authors":"R. Ancona","doi":"10.5812/acvi.19613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.19613","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122613254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bitarafan-rajabi, H. Hasanzadeh, M. Jahangiri, Zohreh Hoseinpour, H. Nazemi, A. Baghian, M. Mahdinejad, Majid Sadeghi, H. Moladoust
Background: Evaluation of the accuracy and performance of sonography units needs tissue-mimicking phantoms. These phantoms play an important role by simulating soft tissues, obviating the need to experiment on humans or animals. Objectives: To present a simple sonographic phantom for quality control and training purposes. Materials and Methods: The presented phantom consists of a two-part Plexiglas box. The larger part is filled with a mixture of ethanol (9.5 ± 0.25%) in distilled water and a solution of sodium nitrite (0.1 M) to prevent rusting. The second part is filled with a combination of 3.85% by wt. % agar, and 50 g/L of powdered graphite as the background material. In this study, chrome-plated electric guitar strings, 0.52 mm in diameter, were used. Several objects were considered as tissue-equivalent material, and their images were obtained at different times. Criteria for the selection of suitable objects comprised similarity between the obtained image and the corresponding tissues in the human body, minimal shrinkage, and change in brightness level at different times. In addition to quantitative analysis obtained from image processing, a blind qualitative study was done by a radiologist. Results: Both results of quantitative analysis using MATLAB software and independent qualitative analysis showed that the commercial rubber and agar were appropriate as solid and cystic objects, respectively. Moreover, quantitative analysis done with MATLAB on images obtained from the phantom showed that the commercial rubber and agar had a 5% and 2% change in image pixel intensity (brightness) after 2 months, respectively. Conclusions: The presented phantom not only has lower cost and complexity, which make it suitable for educational centers, but also is capable of providing good images of cystic and solid objects for quality control and training purposes. Furthermore, it confers reliable stability for at least 2 months, as was assessed in the present study.
{"title":"A new sonographic phantom for quality control and training purposes","authors":"A. Bitarafan-rajabi, H. Hasanzadeh, M. Jahangiri, Zohreh Hoseinpour, H. Nazemi, A. Baghian, M. Mahdinejad, Majid Sadeghi, H. Moladoust","doi":"10.5812/acvi.19196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.19196","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evaluation of the accuracy and performance of sonography units needs tissue-mimicking phantoms. These phantoms play an important role by simulating soft tissues, obviating the need to experiment on humans or animals. Objectives: To present a simple sonographic phantom for quality control and training purposes. Materials and Methods: The presented phantom consists of a two-part Plexiglas box. The larger part is filled with a mixture of ethanol (9.5 ± 0.25%) in distilled water and a solution of sodium nitrite (0.1 M) to prevent rusting. The second part is filled with a combination of 3.85% by wt. % agar, and 50 g/L of powdered graphite as the background material. In this study, chrome-plated electric guitar strings, 0.52 mm in diameter, were used. Several objects were considered as tissue-equivalent material, and their images were obtained at different times. Criteria for the selection of suitable objects comprised similarity between the obtained image and the corresponding tissues in the human body, minimal shrinkage, and change in brightness level at different times. In addition to quantitative analysis obtained from image processing, a blind qualitative study was done by a radiologist. Results: Both results of quantitative analysis using MATLAB software and independent qualitative analysis showed that the commercial rubber and agar were appropriate as solid and cystic objects, respectively. Moreover, quantitative analysis done with MATLAB on images obtained from the phantom showed that the commercial rubber and agar had a 5% and 2% change in image pixel intensity (brightness) after 2 months, respectively. Conclusions: The presented phantom not only has lower cost and complexity, which make it suitable for educational centers, but also is capable of providing good images of cystic and solid objects for quality control and training purposes. Furthermore, it confers reliable stability for at least 2 months, as was assessed in the present study.","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"373 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115905210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Left atrial function is often under-evaluated in the standard echo examination, although this chamber plays a key role in heart function. Probably, mis or late diagnoses of atrial dysfunction are due to technical difficulties such as the thin wall thickness, the lack of robust parameters for functional assessment, and the number of factors potentially affecting or influencing the atrial activity. On the other hand, clinical studies have demonstrated that left atrial dysfunction heavily impacts on morbidity and mortality (1-3). Strain and strain rate imaging (S-SR) is a new echo technique able to study ventricular and atrial function. In particular, S-SR is capable of verifying the elasticity of the atrial wall, bearing in mind that increased atrial stiffness is linked to atrial fibrosis and (as a consequence) to higher arrhythmic risk. Many factors are involved in atrial stiffness such as age, diabetes, hypertension, valvulopathies, obesity, cigarette smoking, left ventricular diastolic function, left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and dyslipidemia as well as its duration. In their study, Sahebjam et al. (4) found that hypertension was the only determinant of S-SR impairment, although in multivariate analysis, none of the parameters (including systolic and diastolic blood pressure) correlated with atrial S-SR. These data, as well as the differences with the studies cited in the article (5), are not surprising given the high prevalence of comorbidity after the fifth decade of life. In addition, disease duration, early diagnosis, therapy efficacy, class(es) of the drug used, and relative dose are all “confounding factors” and are as such hard to be controlled. For these reasons, very large cohorts are needed to give statistical power to such a complex multivariate analysis. The impact of a single factor on atrial S-SR could be studied in pediatric age (6), when comorbidities and drug use are less common. Unfortunately, in pediatric age, it is difficult to demonstrate the clinical relevance of the results obtained. On the other hand, large population studies on adults have shown that, independent of specific causes, impaired diastolic function is related to higher mortality and morbidity(7). The results obtained by Sahebjam et al. demonstrate that, despite normal left atrial volumes, S-SR is lower in patients with one or more cardiovascular risk factors, increasing the evidence of high sensibility of this technique for screening higher-risk patients in different morbid conditions (8). In this way, S-SR could be a precious parameter of a bad outcome: left atrial volume enlargement could be, in fact, late evidence of diastolic dysfunction, and, at that time, the fibrotic process may be (at least partially) irreversible. Limitations to a routine use of S-SR are due to interoperator and inter-software variability (between speckle tracking and tissue Doppler or between two different software packages), poor familiarity of pe
{"title":"Strain evaluation of left atrial function: Ready for the future?","authors":"B. Castaldi, O. Milanesi","doi":"10.5812/acvi.19584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.19584","url":null,"abstract":"Left atrial function is often under-evaluated in the standard echo examination, although this chamber plays a key role in heart function. Probably, mis or late diagnoses of atrial dysfunction are due to technical difficulties such as the thin wall thickness, the lack of robust parameters for functional assessment, and the number of factors potentially affecting or influencing the atrial activity. On the other hand, clinical studies have demonstrated that left atrial dysfunction heavily impacts on morbidity and mortality (1-3). Strain and strain rate imaging (S-SR) is a new echo technique able to study ventricular and atrial function. In particular, S-SR is capable of verifying the elasticity of the atrial wall, bearing in mind that increased atrial stiffness is linked to atrial fibrosis and (as a consequence) to higher arrhythmic risk. Many factors are involved in atrial stiffness such as age, diabetes, hypertension, valvulopathies, obesity, cigarette smoking, left ventricular diastolic function, left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and dyslipidemia as well as its duration. In their study, Sahebjam et al. (4) found that hypertension was the only determinant of S-SR impairment, although in multivariate analysis, none of the parameters (including systolic and diastolic blood pressure) correlated with atrial S-SR. These data, as well as the differences with the studies cited in the article (5), are not surprising given the high prevalence of comorbidity after the fifth decade of life. In addition, disease duration, early diagnosis, therapy efficacy, class(es) of the drug used, and relative dose are all “confounding factors” and are as such hard to be controlled. For these reasons, very large cohorts are needed to give statistical power to such a complex multivariate analysis. The impact of a single factor on atrial S-SR could be studied in pediatric age (6), when comorbidities and drug use are less common. Unfortunately, in pediatric age, it is difficult to demonstrate the clinical relevance of the results obtained. On the other hand, large population studies on adults have shown that, independent of specific causes, impaired diastolic function is related to higher mortality and morbidity(7). The results obtained by Sahebjam et al. demonstrate that, despite normal left atrial volumes, S-SR is lower in patients with one or more cardiovascular risk factors, increasing the evidence of high sensibility of this technique for screening higher-risk patients in different morbid conditions (8). In this way, S-SR could be a precious parameter of a bad outcome: left atrial volume enlargement could be, in fact, late evidence of diastolic dysfunction, and, at that time, the fibrotic process may be (at least partially) irreversible. Limitations to a routine use of S-SR are due to interoperator and inter-software variability (between speckle tracking and tissue Doppler or between two different software packages), poor familiarity of pe","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123468501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 27-day-old boy weighing 2300 g was referred for evaluation of hepatomegaly with swelling of the abdomen and feet. He had been admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit with pseudomonas sepsis and was on intravenous antibiotics via a right femoral venous catheter. Clinical evaluation showed features of right heart failure with no cardiomegaly or murmur. What is the echocardiographic diagnosis?
{"title":"Too long a thrombus in transit: Complication of femoral venous cannulation in a sick neonate","authors":"Saktheeswaran Mahesh Kumar, S. Bijulal","doi":"10.5812/ACVI.18926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ACVI.18926","url":null,"abstract":"A 27-day-old boy weighing 2300 g was referred for evaluation of hepatomegaly with swelling of the abdomen and feet. He had been admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit with pseudomonas sepsis and was on intravenous antibiotics via a right femoral venous catheter. Clinical evaluation showed features of right heart failure with no cardiomegaly or murmur. What is the echocardiographic diagnosis?","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127247905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transcatheteraortic valve implantation, first introduced in 2002, has been established as an alternative modality for patients deemed not suitable for open-heart surgery. The anatomical vicinity of the atrioventricular node and the His bundle to the non-coronary and rightcoronary aortic cusps predisposes patients to conduction abnormalities in case of severe calcification or mechanical trauma during valve implantation. However, the two evaluated valves (CoreValve and Edwards SAPIEN valve) have different rates of these complications, mainly driven by their respective geometry. Currently, there is ongoing evaluation of the true rate of conduction disorders and their clinical relevance or durability. The initial experience of fatal outcomes with conduction disorders such as complete atrioventricular block has increased the rate of subsequent pacemaker implantation up to 50%. However, prophylactic pacemaker implantation is associated with several possible complications. Thus, there is a need for further data from large-scale series taking into account the true rate of clinically relevant conduction disorders.
{"title":"ECG abnormalities after transcatheter aortic valve implantation","authors":"I. Akin, C. Nienaber","doi":"10.5812/acvi.17369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.17369","url":null,"abstract":"Transcatheteraortic valve implantation, first introduced in 2002, has been established as an alternative modality for patients deemed not suitable for open-heart surgery. The anatomical vicinity of the atrioventricular node and the His bundle to the non-coronary and rightcoronary aortic cusps predisposes patients to conduction abnormalities in case of severe calcification or mechanical trauma during valve implantation. However, the two evaluated valves (CoreValve and Edwards SAPIEN valve) have different rates of these complications, mainly driven by their respective geometry. Currently, there is ongoing evaluation of the true rate of conduction disorders and their clinical relevance or durability. The initial experience of fatal outcomes with conduction disorders such as complete atrioventricular block has increased the rate of subsequent pacemaker implantation up to 50%. However, prophylactic pacemaker implantation is associated with several possible complications. Thus, there is a need for further data from large-scale series taking into account the true rate of clinically relevant conduction disorders.","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125551625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
3. Comment The most common adverse events after VSD device closure is conduction anomalies (15%) (1, 2). Tricuspid regurgitation is a major consideration in transcatheter closure of VSD (< 2%). The impingement of the occluder on the valve leaflets by interfering with chordae tendineae may cause instant tricuspid regurgitation. Consequently echocardiography and angiography are crucial for confirming the correct deployment of the device (2).
{"title":"Impingement of the occluder on tricuspid valve","authors":"Z. Khajali, M. Khayatzadeh","doi":"10.5812/ACVI.17231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ACVI.17231","url":null,"abstract":"3. Comment The most common adverse events after VSD device closure is conduction anomalies (15%) (1, 2). Tricuspid regurgitation is a major consideration in transcatheter closure of VSD (< 2%). The impingement of the occluder on the valve leaflets by interfering with chordae tendineae may cause instant tricuspid regurgitation. Consequently echocardiography and angiography are crucial for confirming the correct deployment of the device (2).","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131691479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cardiac CT in mixed type atrial septum defects","authors":"A. Sadeghpour, F. Moudi","doi":"10.5812/ACVI.18044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ACVI.18044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130350533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sahebjam, Asghar Mazareei, M. Lotfi-Tokaldany, N. Ghaffari, A. Zoroufian, Mahmood Sheikhfatollahi
Background: Patients with hypertension are at risk of structural and functional changes in the left atrium (LA). There are only a few studies on the impact of hypertension on LA function, especially in hypertensive patients with a normal LA size. We, therefore, designed this study to evaluate LA function in patients with a normal LA size via deformation imaging. Objectives: We assessed regional longitudinal strain rate imaging (SRI) profiles along with tissue velocity imaging (TVI) in the LA walls to quantify LA reservoir function and explore changes in LA function in hypertensive patients with a normal value of LA size. Patients and Methods: One hundred twenty-four subjects with normal angiography (mean age = 56.28 ± 8.91 years, 46% male), who were referred to the Echocardiography Laboratory of our institution, were enrolled in this study. These subjects were categorized into two groups: hypertensive (75 cases) and age-matched normotensive (49 cases) groups. All the cases of the patient and control groups had a normal LA size. SRI parameters included strain (ST, %) and strain rate (SR, s-1), and tissue imaging parameters such as peak systolic velocity (Sm, m/s) were measured in four septal, lateral, anterior, and inferior LA walls at the mid-level. Results: Compared with the controls, the patients with a history of hypertension showed significantly lower values of Sm, ST, and SR in each segment of the LA. There was no effect of age on these indices. Also, no differences regarding Sm, ST, and SR were found between the septal, lateral, anterior, and inferior LA walls in each group. By multivariate linear regression analysis, a history of hypertension was the only independent determinant of average LA strain rate in the all the individuals (P < 0.001). When this analysis was repeated in the patients with a history of hypertension, the only independent determinant of average LA strain rate was heart rate (P = 0.026). Conclusions: In our subjects, with a normal value of LA size, the effect of hypertension on LA reservoir function was independent of age, sex, heart rate, left ventricular mass index, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Additionally, heart rate independently correlated with reduced TVI and SRI parameters in the patients with hypertension.
{"title":"Comparison of left atrial function between hypertensive patients with normal atrial size and normotensive subjects using strain rate imaging technique","authors":"M. Sahebjam, Asghar Mazareei, M. Lotfi-Tokaldany, N. Ghaffari, A. Zoroufian, Mahmood Sheikhfatollahi","doi":"10.5812/acvi.16081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.16081","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients with hypertension are at risk of structural and functional changes in the left atrium (LA). There are only a few studies on the impact of hypertension on LA function, especially in hypertensive patients with a normal LA size. We, therefore, designed this study to evaluate LA function in patients with a normal LA size via deformation imaging. Objectives: We assessed regional longitudinal strain rate imaging (SRI) profiles along with tissue velocity imaging (TVI) in the LA walls to quantify LA reservoir function and explore changes in LA function in hypertensive patients with a normal value of LA size. Patients and Methods: One hundred twenty-four subjects with normal angiography (mean age = 56.28 ± 8.91 years, 46% male), who were referred to the Echocardiography Laboratory of our institution, were enrolled in this study. These subjects were categorized into two groups: hypertensive (75 cases) and age-matched normotensive (49 cases) groups. All the cases of the patient and control groups had a normal LA size. SRI parameters included strain (ST, %) and strain rate (SR, s-1), and tissue imaging parameters such as peak systolic velocity (Sm, m/s) were measured in four septal, lateral, anterior, and inferior LA walls at the mid-level. Results: Compared with the controls, the patients with a history of hypertension showed significantly lower values of Sm, ST, and SR in each segment of the LA. There was no effect of age on these indices. Also, no differences regarding Sm, ST, and SR were found between the septal, lateral, anterior, and inferior LA walls in each group. By multivariate linear regression analysis, a history of hypertension was the only independent determinant of average LA strain rate in the all the individuals (P < 0.001). When this analysis was repeated in the patients with a history of hypertension, the only independent determinant of average LA strain rate was heart rate (P = 0.026). Conclusions: In our subjects, with a normal value of LA size, the effect of hypertension on LA reservoir function was independent of age, sex, heart rate, left ventricular mass index, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Additionally, heart rate independently correlated with reduced TVI and SRI parameters in the patients with hypertension.","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130894816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is allied to a variety of echocardiographic and pathologic findings, not least courtesy of the advent of novel and stringent echocardiographic criteria. MVP enjoys definite and clear-cut characteristics and is, as such, a fertile ground for research. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a relatively new imaging technique, and there is currently a dearth of information on this modality in patients with MVP syndrome. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the findings of TDI in MVP syndrome. Patients and Methods: Seventy-five patients with MVP syndrome and 50 normal individuals as the control group were evaluated. The general characteristics and echocardiographic findings, especially TDI results, were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Mitral annular TDI velocities (Sm, Em, and Am) were measured at the lateral corner of the MV in the apical four-chamber view of transthoracic echocardiography. Results: Seventy-five patients (48 females) at a mean age of 26.5 ± 9.4 years and 50 individuals (32 females) at a mean age of 27.1 ± 8.3 years were enrolled in the study. As the important results of our study, Sm wave was much more prominent and much higher in the MVP group (P = 0.00); Em was lower (P = 0.00) and Am was slightly higher (P = 0.12). Furthermore, the E waves of MV inflow for the MVP and control groups were similar and E/Em was significantly higher in the MVP group (P = 0.00); taken together with a higher left atrial volume in this group, this finding revealed a relatively higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Conclusions: Sm wave in TDI is prominent and significantly high in MVP syndrome. Also, our study showed some degree of diastolic dysfunction in MVP patients.
{"title":"Tissue doppler imaging findings including prominent s wave in patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome","authors":"A. Alizadehasl, R. Azarfarin","doi":"10.5812/acvi.17123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.17123","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is allied to a variety of echocardiographic and pathologic findings, not least courtesy of the advent of novel and stringent echocardiographic criteria. MVP enjoys definite and clear-cut characteristics and is, as such, a fertile ground for research. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a relatively new imaging technique, and there is currently a dearth of information on this modality in patients with MVP syndrome. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the findings of TDI in MVP syndrome. Patients and Methods: Seventy-five patients with MVP syndrome and 50 normal individuals as the control group were evaluated. The general characteristics and echocardiographic findings, especially TDI results, were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Mitral annular TDI velocities (Sm, Em, and Am) were measured at the lateral corner of the MV in the apical four-chamber view of transthoracic echocardiography. Results: Seventy-five patients (48 females) at a mean age of 26.5 ± 9.4 years and 50 individuals (32 females) at a mean age of 27.1 ± 8.3 years were enrolled in the study. As the important results of our study, Sm wave was much more prominent and much higher in the MVP group (P = 0.00); Em was lower (P = 0.00) and Am was slightly higher (P = 0.12). Furthermore, the E waves of MV inflow for the MVP and control groups were similar and E/Em was significantly higher in the MVP group (P = 0.00); taken together with a higher left atrial volume in this group, this finding revealed a relatively higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Conclusions: Sm wave in TDI is prominent and significantly high in MVP syndrome. Also, our study showed some degree of diastolic dysfunction in MVP patients.","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126759492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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