Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/1476993X221098073
M. P. Stone
Leviticus 18.22 and 20.13 continue to play a decisive role in the debate over sexuality and the Bible. A bit surprisingly, it was not until the mid-1990s that these texts began to be subjected to thorough historical-critical analyses. Since that time, interest has steadily increased along with the number of hypotheses. Many have assumed that these laws unambiguously condemn ‘homosexuality’. Among specialists, however, there continues to be much disagreement with at least twenty-one unique proposals. This article will survey the various historical-critical offerings, put them into conversation with one another, and describe current trends.
{"title":"Don’t Do What to Whom? A Survey of Historical-Critical Scholarship on Leviticus 18.22 and 20.13","authors":"M. P. Stone","doi":"10.1177/1476993X221098073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1476993X221098073","url":null,"abstract":"Leviticus 18.22 and 20.13 continue to play a decisive role in the debate over sexuality and the Bible. A bit surprisingly, it was not until the mid-1990s that these texts began to be subjected to thorough historical-critical analyses. Since that time, interest has steadily increased along with the number of hypotheses. Many have assumed that these laws unambiguously condemn ‘homosexuality’. Among specialists, however, there continues to be much disagreement with at least twenty-one unique proposals. This article will survey the various historical-critical offerings, put them into conversation with one another, and describe current trends.","PeriodicalId":43066,"journal":{"name":"Currents in Biblical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"207 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49206666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1177/1476993X211067160
Alice Ogden Bellis
This article briefly surveys major commentaries and monographs, as well as significant articles, on the book of Proverbs. The broader genre of wisdom literature, of which Proverbs is a key component, has been undergoing intense scrutiny. The question was whether there is a wisdom genre at all and if so how should it be defined. 2011–2020 was a period of intense research during which a paradigm shift was in progress. Other issues include structure and rhetorical features, divine retribution, and theology more broadly, moral self-development, pedagogy, corporal punishment, and economic and social justice. Non-western and indigenous readings and research from a gender-sensitive perspective have continued to be significant.
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Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1177/1476993X221077506
John-Patrick O'Connor
The following article offers an overview of studies on the ethics of Mark in the last four decades. A longstanding tradition in biblical studies has been to render the second Evangelist void or nearly void of all ethical interest. Such disparaging conclusions in regard to the apparently ethically vacuous Gospel are representative in the comment by James Leslie Houlden: ‘For [Mark], as for John, it appears that facing and settling moral problems, in the everyday sense, was not a primary concern’ (Houlden, J.L. 1973 Ethics and the New Testament [Harmondsworth: Penguin]: 45). Scholarship on the Gospel of Mark has since turned a corner: a foray of studies has overturned the conclusion by James Houlden and countless others. The following article offers a summary of ethically sensitive studies of the Gospel of Mark with suggestions for further inquiry.
下面的文章概述了近四十年来关于马克伦理学的研究。在圣经研究中，一个长期的传统一直是使第二福音传教士无效或几乎无效的所有伦理利益。这种贬低福音的结论在詹姆斯·莱斯利·霍尔登(James Leslie Houlden)的评论中很有代表性:“对于[马克]，对于约翰来说，在日常意义上，面对和解决道德问题似乎不是主要关注的问题”(霍尔登，J.L. 1973 Ethics and the New Testament [Harmondsworth: Penguin]: 45)。此后，关于马可福音的学术研究出现了转折:一系列研究推翻了詹姆斯·霍尔登(James Houlden)和无数其他人的结论。下面的文章提供了对马可福音的伦理敏感研究的总结，并提出了进一步研究的建议。
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Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1177/1476993X221078073
Chantel R. Heister
In Revelation, John labels a religious teacher in Thyatira ‘Jezebel’, stating that she is ‘teaching and beguiling [Christ’s] servants to practice fornication [πορνεῦσαι] and to eat food sacrificed to idols’ (Rev. 2.20). As punishment, John’s Christ throws her into a bed (βάλλω αὐτὴν εἰς κλίνην, Rev. 2.22). This study examines three major trends in how scholars have translated the phrase ‘βάλλω αὐτὴν εἰς κλίνην’: 1) the phrase has been translated as non-sexual, but rather strictly emblematic for illness; 2) scholars have highlighted the idea that Jezebel is deserving of her punishment, often while acknowledging the irony imbedded in the combined πορν- and κλίνην imagery and 3) readings of the text as an image of sexual violence have become increasingly common. Scholars have attempted to elucidate John’s original purpose in crafting the image, but there is a lacuna of research involving the effect this image has on women readers, despite the authorial intent. Additionally, readings which delve deeply into Jezebel’s punishment with regard to her ‘otherness’ are needed.
在《启示录》中，约翰给推雅推喇的一位宗教教师贴上了“耶洗别”的标签，说她“教导和引诱[基督的]仆人行奸淫[πορνε ο σαι]，吃祭偶像的食物”(《启示录》2.20)。作为惩罚,约翰的基督,然后把她丢到床上(βάλλωαὐτὴνεἰςκλίνην,启2.22)。本研究考察了学者们如何翻译“β λω α ς τ ν ν ε ι ς κλ rein - ν ν”这一短语的三个主要趋势:1)这一短语被翻译为非性的，而是严格地象征着疾病;学者们强调了耶洗别罪有应得的观点，同时也经常承认πο ο和κλ ν ν的结合所蕴含的讽刺意味，而且把经文解读为性暴力的形象已经变得越来越普遍。学者们试图阐明约翰创作这一形象的最初目的，但尽管作者有这样的意图，但关于这一形象对女性读者的影响的研究却缺乏。此外，需要深入研究耶洗别因她的“异类”而受到的惩罚的读物。
{"title":"Jezebel’s Punishment in Revelation 2: Research and Trends","authors":"Chantel R. Heister","doi":"10.1177/1476993X221078073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1476993X221078073","url":null,"abstract":"In Revelation, John labels a religious teacher in Thyatira ‘Jezebel’, stating that she is ‘teaching and beguiling [Christ’s] servants to practice fornication [πορνεῦσαι] and to eat food sacrificed to idols’ (Rev. 2.20). As punishment, John’s Christ throws her into a bed (βάλλω αὐτὴν εἰς κλίνην, Rev. 2.22). This study examines three major trends in how scholars have translated the phrase ‘βάλλω αὐτὴν εἰς κλίνην’: 1) the phrase has been translated as non-sexual, but rather strictly emblematic for illness; 2) scholars have highlighted the idea that Jezebel is deserving of her punishment, often while acknowledging the irony imbedded in the combined πορν- and κλίνην imagery and 3) readings of the text as an image of sexual violence have become increasingly common. Scholars have attempted to elucidate John’s original purpose in crafting the image, but there is a lacuna of research involving the effect this image has on women readers, despite the authorial intent. Additionally, readings which delve deeply into Jezebel’s punishment with regard to her ‘otherness’ are needed.","PeriodicalId":43066,"journal":{"name":"Currents in Biblical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"186 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46155298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1476993X211050142
Jonathan J. Hatter
Scholars have recently noted a reluctance in New Testament scholarship to accept and apply the most recent historical scholarship on ancient enslavement to our readings of the biblical texts. The last century has seen developments in historical and classical scholarship that have moved those disciplines away from an understanding of ancient slavery as benevolent and toward a recognition of the institution's violent and coercive nature. A similar movement can be seen in the study of enslavement among first-century Jewish communities, with recent scholars arguing that Jewish enslavement practices were not as uniquely benign as was once thought. In spite of these developments, scholars of the Synoptic Gospels continue to utilize outdated models for understanding slavery in the biblical texts as a benevolent institution. A handful of New Testament scholars are charting a new course, challenging the rest of us to adopt the new historical consensus and to see biblical enslavement for what it was. Allowing these new critical works to lay the foundation for our understanding of slavery as it appears in the Synoptic Gospels will move us away from tired clichés and toward a more accurate picture of the worlds in and behind these texts.
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Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1476993X211047300
Melanie A. Howard
This article provides an overview of feminist approaches to the New Testament from the period of 2000 to early 2021. Using a broad definition of ‘feminist’ (to include virtually any work focused primarily on women or female issues presented in the biblical text) and a more stringent definition of ‘New Testament’ (including only those texts that are a part of the New Testament canon, but not larger socio-historical studies or extracanonical literature), the article offers an overview of trends in feminist scholarship on the Gospels and Acts, the Pauline epistles, the General Epistles and Hebrews, and Revelation, noting that this body of scholarship may be characterized as being diverse, collaborative, and centered on female characters within the New Testament texts. With open vistas for exploration remaining, the article forecasts a rich future for feminist approaches to the New Testament.
{"title":"Recent Feminist Approaches to Interpreting the New Testament","authors":"Melanie A. Howard","doi":"10.1177/1476993X211047300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1476993X211047300","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of feminist approaches to the New Testament from the period of 2000 to early 2021. Using a broad definition of ‘feminist’ (to include virtually any work focused primarily on women or female issues presented in the biblical text) and a more stringent definition of ‘New Testament’ (including only those texts that are a part of the New Testament canon, but not larger socio-historical studies or extracanonical literature), the article offers an overview of trends in feminist scholarship on the Gospels and Acts, the Pauline epistles, the General Epistles and Hebrews, and Revelation, noting that this body of scholarship may be characterized as being diverse, collaborative, and centered on female characters within the New Testament texts. With open vistas for exploration remaining, the article forecasts a rich future for feminist approaches to the New Testament.","PeriodicalId":43066,"journal":{"name":"Currents in Biblical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"65 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44212146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1476993x211062366
Ekaputra Tupamahu, K. J. Murphy, D. Strait, C. E. Bonesho
{"title":"Editorial Foreword","authors":"Ekaputra Tupamahu, K. J. Murphy, D. Strait, C. E. Bonesho","doi":"10.1177/1476993x211062366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1476993x211062366","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43066,"journal":{"name":"Currents in Biblical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44280251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1476993X211017481
R. Giffin
A minority of witnesses to the text of Phil. 3.12 (e.g., P46, GA 06, 010, 012, Irenaeus [Latin Translation], Ambrosiaster) attest to a reading in which Paul claims he has not yet been justified (or made/found righteous [δικαιόω]). Scholars have labeled the reading ‘intriguing’, ‘very interesting’, ‘striking’, and ‘astounding’. Yet, in spite of such lofty descriptors, little extensive attention has been devoted to this textual issue. All but a handful of scholars who have addressed the reading have denied it a place in the initial text. However, its attestation in P46, the high potential for parablepsis, the difficulty of explaining the reading as a later insertion, and its coherence with Pauline references to final justification at the last judgment have resulted in reassessments of the issue in more recent scholarship. This article provides an overview of past and current scholarly appraisals of the reading and offers some suggestions for future research.
{"title":"The Justification Clause of Philippians 3.12: Past and Current Appraisals of a Striking Variant Reading","authors":"R. Giffin","doi":"10.1177/1476993X211017481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1476993X211017481","url":null,"abstract":"A minority of witnesses to the text of Phil. 3.12 (e.g., P46, GA 06, 010, 012, Irenaeus [Latin Translation], Ambrosiaster) attest to a reading in which Paul claims he has not yet been justified (or made/found righteous [δικαιόω]). Scholars have labeled the reading ‘intriguing’, ‘very interesting’, ‘striking’, and ‘astounding’. Yet, in spite of such lofty descriptors, little extensive attention has been devoted to this textual issue. All but a handful of scholars who have addressed the reading have denied it a place in the initial text. However, its attestation in P46, the high potential for parablepsis, the difficulty of explaining the reading as a later insertion, and its coherence with Pauline references to final justification at the last judgment have resulted in reassessments of the issue in more recent scholarship. This article provides an overview of past and current scholarly appraisals of the reading and offers some suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":43066,"journal":{"name":"Currents in Biblical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"8 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46070429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1476993X211024247
M. Chalmers
In this article, I survey recent trends in Samaritan studies, with a particular focus on biblical studies and the interactions of Samaritan Israelites with other religious traditions. While remaining entrenched in discussion of the origins of Samaritans, scholars have firmly embraced the idea of processual Samaritan identity, emerging over time and in a non-genealogical sense alongside and interwoven with Judean/Jewish self-definition. Extensive work clusters, in particular, at three nodes: the study of Hebrew-language scriptures, archaeological excavations, and the remodelling of identity-production in a constructivist form. I also sketch out the directions in which the field is moving, with growing and productive emphasis on Aramaic, Arabic, and late antiquity. Finally, I identify some of the quirks of Samaritan studies as it might be encountered, in particular a continued effort to salvage Samaritans for biblical studies, somewhat intermittent interdisciplinarity, and practices of engagement with Samaritan Israelites themselves.
{"title":"Samaritans, Biblical Studies, and Ancient Judaism: Recent Trends","authors":"M. Chalmers","doi":"10.1177/1476993X211024247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1476993X211024247","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I survey recent trends in Samaritan studies, with a particular focus on biblical studies and the interactions of Samaritan Israelites with other religious traditions. While remaining entrenched in discussion of the origins of Samaritans, scholars have firmly embraced the idea of processual Samaritan identity, emerging over time and in a non-genealogical sense alongside and interwoven with Judean/Jewish self-definition. Extensive work clusters, in particular, at three nodes: the study of Hebrew-language scriptures, archaeological excavations, and the remodelling of identity-production in a constructivist form. I also sketch out the directions in which the field is moving, with growing and productive emphasis on Aramaic, Arabic, and late antiquity. Finally, I identify some of the quirks of Samaritan studies as it might be encountered, in particular a continued effort to salvage Samaritans for biblical studies, somewhat intermittent interdisciplinarity, and practices of engagement with Samaritan Israelites themselves.","PeriodicalId":43066,"journal":{"name":"Currents in Biblical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"28 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42915175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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