Current Issues in Personality Psychology最新文献

Background: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Czech version of the Developmental Crisis Questionnaire (DCQ-12), assessing its internal consistency, factor structure, and associations with psychosocial variables such as self-esteem, social support, life satisfaction, negative emotionality, and perceived stress.

Participants and procedure: The sample included 761 participants aged 19-59 years, primarily women (68.4%), recruited online. DCQ-12, along with measures for self-esteem, self-efficacy, life satisfaction, perceived stress, and negative emotionality, was administered. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and McDonald's omega were employed to evaluate the questionnaire's structure and reliability. Age and gender differences were assessed through two-way ANOVA.

Results: DCQ-12 demonstrated high internal consistency (ω = .89 for the total scale), though one subscale (Transition and Turning Point) showed lower reliability (ω = .63). A three-factor model with minor modifications exhibited good fit (CFI = .956, RMSEA = .068). DCQ-12 correlated positively with stress and negative emotionality, and negatively with self-esteem, self-efficacy, life satisfaction, social support, and meaning in life. Developmental crisis was more prevalent among younger adults and women. Crisis prevalence declined with age and varied by gender, with notable differences observed in younger and middle adulthood.

Conclusions: The Czech version of DCQ-12 is a reliable tool for assessing developmental crisis across adulthood. The current findings align with existing literature on psychosocial predictors of crisis. Future studies should explore the utility of DCQ-12 in diverse age groups and cultural contexts.

Background: How suspicious individuals are about some information affects how they judge whether the information is truthful. Being suspicious increases the possibility of one making a lie judgment about others (judging that others are lying); however, previous research has rarely distinguished between two types of suspicion: dispositional and state. This study examined how dispositional suspicion affects deceptiveness impressions and veracity judgments under different levels of state suspicion. Also, the relationship between the two types of suspicion and the amount of information people gather for truth-lie judgments was explored.

Participants and procedure: Participants (N = 260) watched videos of someone telling either the truth or a lie, and immediately rated how deceptive the speaker looked, then made a final veracity judgment about him/her. Participants were assigned to two conditions: in one, they were informed that the speaker in the video might have committed a crime (suspicious condition), while in the other, they were not (non-suspicious condition). Participants were allowed to watch a maximum of five videos before making the final decision, and they all reported their level of dispositional suspicion.

Results: The results indicated that participants with high dispositional suspicion perceived the speaker as more deceptive than those with less suspicion but did not necessarily make more lie judgments. Although not statistically significant, there was a clear trend that the effect of dispositional suspicion was evident only under low-state suspicion. It was also found that more suspicious participants gathered less information.

Conclusions: The finding that dispositional suspicion and state suspicion interactively influence deception perception has practical implications for judgments under low suspicion (e.g., fraud).

Background: In previous research, the fourteen coping strategies proposed by Carver have been assigned to two categories: adaptive (planning, active coping, positive reframing, acceptance, using emotional and instrumental support, religion, and humor) and maladaptive (self-blame, denial, self-distraction, venting, behavioral disengagement, and substance use). Some studies have shown that the former correlate positively, while the latter correlate negatively with psychological well-being. The initiation of coping strategies seems to co-occur with the experience of uncertainty, which is typically accompanied by an inner dialogue. Different types of inner dialogues are related to well-being in different ways. This study aims to test whether identity and ruminative inner dialogues mediate the relationship between coping strategies and well-being.

Participants and procedure: Convenience sampling was used. The study was conducted through an online survey. Participants were 337 young adults (181 women and 156 men) aged 20-35 years. They completed the Brief-COPE Inventory, Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Internal Dialogical Activity Scale-Revised.

Results: It was found that ruminative inner dialogues mediate negative relationships between maladaptive coping strategies and well-being. Identity inner dialogues are mediators of positive relationships between adaptive coping strategies and well-being, with the exception of humor and using emotional support.

Conclusions: These findings can be used by mental health professionals in counseling and therapy. To enhance clients' well-being, it is essential to strengthen their identity internal dialogues (associated with adaptive coping) and reduce their ruminative internal dialogues (associated with maladaptive strategies).

Background: Although prior research has found a significant association between narcissistic tendencies and fame interest, details regarding the particular nature of this relationship remain to be elucidated. The present online survey study (N = 355) replicates and extends prior research examining the links between two subtypes of narcissism and fame appeal. Specifically, we distinguish between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, as predictors of Visibility, Status, and Prosocial domains of fame appeal. Further, we examine the potential mediating role of imaginary audience fantasies.

Participants and procedure: Participants were drawn from a student sample (74% female-identifying) aged 18 to 25 who completed an online survey for course credit.

Results: Both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism predicted the Visibility appeal of fame, but only vulnerable narcissism predicted the Status appeal of fame. An inverse relationship emerged between grandiose narcissism and Prosocial appeal. Importantly, the frequency of imaginary audience fantasies mediated between both forms of narcissism and the Visibility and Prosocial appeals of fame.

Conclusions: For those with grandiose or vulnerable narcissistic tendencies, whose self-image incorporates fantasies of being noticed and admired, celebrity and fame may be particularly appealing.

Background: The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (PSPCSA) is an instrument widely used among researchers to assess young children's self-perceptions. In two studies, we aimed to develop and validate a shortened version of the PSPCSA in Polish.

Participants and procedure: In Study 1, 133 preschoolers aged 4 to 6 years participated. The goal was to shorten the scale by selecting the best-performing items and to verify the factor structure of both the full-length and shortened Polish versions of the PSPCSA. Study 2 involved 344 children aged 4 to 7 years, aiming to validate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the shortened version within the Polish cultural context.

Results: The shortened PSPCSA demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor model (Competence and Acceptance) for the shortened scale, with satisfactory fit indices. Additional, theoretically and psychometrically reasonable modifications further improved the model fit. Our results confirmed the validity of the scale and supported both configural and metric measurement invariance across age groups.

Conclusions: The Polish short version of the PSPCSA offers a reliable tool for assessing preschoolers' self-perceptions of competence and acceptance. Its validation ensures robust psychometric properties, supporting its utility in research studies to understand early self-esteem development. The shortened version reduces the fatigue associated with the longer scale, making it more suitable for young children.

Background: The traits constituting the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) are expected to share a common dark core (i.e., antisocial attitudes towards others). However, there is an ongoing debate about whether the dark core is an independent construct or whether it falls within broader categories of personality (i.e., low honesty-humility). Previous research has been sceptical regarding the Dark Triad's incremental value as it is seen as redundant and adding little to traditional personality models. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the overlap and distinctiveness of the latent Dark Triad from honesty/humility.

Participants and procedure: The sample consisted of 677 participants aged 18 to 55 years old - 551 women (M _age = 22.57, SD _age = 4.31), 111 men (M _age = 23.66, SD _age = 5.32), and 15 non-binary people (M _age = 24.67, SD _age = 3.42). Participants were recruited using social media and completed questionnaires anonymously through the LimeSurvey online platform.

Results: We replicated existing findings regarding the nearly perfect latent relationship between the dark core and honesty-humility using a broader array of measures of the Dark Triad traits. We also provided some evidence that the dark core and honesty-humility, despite being highly related, differ in terms of construct validity.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that claims positing complete convergence between these two constructs might be premature. However, future research examining different types of validity is needed.

Background: In the present study, we focused on examining the relationship between parenting styles, self-concept, and grit. We conceptualized self-concept as a three-dimensional variable with cognitive, emotional, and conative dimensions. Parenting style was defined using emotional relationships and autonomy granting. The optimal parenting style in our view entails a combination of parental responsiveness (fostering a positive relationship) with an appropriate degree of autonomy granting (defined as providing relative freedom). We hypothesized that adolescent grit and parenting style are related to a positively defined self-concept.

Participants and procedure: The present study included 1,483 participants (55.5% female) aged 10-20 years (M = 15.00, SD = 2.60). All participants attended primary and secondary education (ISCED 2 and 3) across five regions in Slovakia. The research methods consisted of administering the Self-Concept Questionnaire-18 (DOS-18), the Parenting Style Inventory PSI-II, and the Grit Scale.

Results: We observed different predictors of self-concept for boys and girls. Shared predictors of self-concept for both sexes included mother's responsiveness, passion, and perseverance as components of grit. The differences were in the non-significance of father's responsiveness and the significance of autonomy granting by the father in relation to self-concept of boys.

Conclusions: The results of the present research suggest that different parenting approaches may be beneficial for boys and girls. In particular, the role of the father and his ability to support the relative autonomy of the son appears to be important, as evidenced by the fact that boys' self-concept is typically more positive than that of girls.

Background: Previous research has found that attachment style is associated with self-concept clarity, and mindfulness mediates this association at an individual level. However, there is currently a lack of research on the relationship between attachment style, mindfulness, and self-concept clarity from an interpersonal perspective. Therefore, the current study aimed to extend the relationship between attachment style and self-concept clarity to a dyadic context.

Participants and procedure: To this end, we recruited online a final sample of 773 pairs of Chinese heterosexual couples (M _age = 35.43, SD _age = 3.77 for wives; M _age = 37.46, SD _age = 4.39 for husbands) to measure their attachment style, mindfulness, and self-concept clarity and conducted actor-partner interdependence mediation modeling.

Results: The results indicate actor effects whereby an individual's mindfulness significantly mediated the relationship between their attachment style (both avoidance and anxiety) and self-concept clarity for both women and men. Furthermore, as regards the partner effect, the mindfulness of men significantly mediated the relationship between the attachment anxiety of women and the self-concept clarity of men.

Conclusions: Altogether, we provide evidence that the impact of attachment style on self-concept clarity within a dyadic context and the level of husbands' mindfulness could partly explain the relationship between wives' attachment anxiety and husbands' self-concept clarity. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Background: Work innovation is essential to both employee and organizational success in today's highly competitive work environment. Although scholars have found personality (e.g., openness to experience) to relate to innovative work behavior, only some research has examined how context might influence personality's effects, and very few studies have examined work environments (e.g., workplace politics) that could be detrimental to innovative behavior.

Participants and procedure: Taking a trait activation approach, across two time points, we examined how openness affects the perceptions of organizational politics (POP)-innovative work behavior relationship using a sample of employees and supervisors working in a variety of finance sectors.

Results: The results revealed that innovative work behaviors, as rated by managers both concurrently and six months later, decrease for employees low on openness under conditions of elevated POP, but are not reduced for those high on openness under high POP. Thus, the (only) employees whose innovative behavior was negatively affected were those who were otherwise least prone to engage in work innovation (i.e., those low on openness), indicating the harmful effect of workplace politics on this valuable work behavior.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that scholars should develop a more nuanced understanding of openness's long-established relationship with innovation at work, paying particular attention to the context of their openness studies.

Background: Objectification involves perceiving and instrumentally treating other people as mere tools useful for satisfying the perceiver's goals. While several situational factors facilitating objectification have been identified, only a few studies have examined personal predictors of objectification. To find out more about personality correlates of the objectifying approach towards other people, we examined its relationship with basic and dark personality traits.

Participants and procedure: The sample comprised 372 participants (222 women), ranging in age from 18 to 55 years (M = 34.14, SD = 8.48). To measure study variables, we used a modified version of the Objectification Scale (objectification), the IPIP-BFM-20 (Big Five personality dimensions), DTDD-P (dark personality traits of Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy), HSNS (vulnerable narcissism), PES (psychological entitlement), IES (interpersonal exploitativeness), PRNS (positive reciprocity norms), and NRNS (negative reciprocity norms).

Results: We found that, when controlling for other personality variables and demographics, agreeableness, intellect, and a tendency to use positive norms of reciprocity negatively predicted objectification, and exploitativeness and entitlement were positively associated with the general tendency to objectify others.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a propensity for objectification is predicted by an unwillingness to maintain positive relationships with others, lower intellectual openness, higher entitlement and exploitativeness, and low tendency to positively respond to others' favors. The associations with these personality traits may allow for better understanding of - typical for objectification - high focus on fulfilling one's own interests and readiness to exploit others while disregarding their interests and ignoring human attributes such as subjectivity and uniqueness.