Current Issues in Personality Psychology最新文献_第5页

Personality correlates of social attitudes and social distance 人格与社会态度和社会距离相关

Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/166031

Juraj Jonáš, Nikola Doubková, Radek Heissler, Edel M. Sanders, Marek Preiss

Background Previous studies have shown that personality traits (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) re-late to prejudicial attitudes. However, one of the aspects of prejudice is social distance; its association with personality traits was overlooked by previous studies. Therefore, this study examines the connection between the Big Five personality traits and social distance toward certain social groups. Participants and procedure Participants from the general population were recruited through leaflets, the institutional webpage, Facebook, and through the project recruitment website and assessed via paper-and-pencil or online form. A total of 214 participants were included (of whom 68.2% were women and the mean age was 32.65, SD = 11.27, range 18-72) who completed the Bogardus Social Distance Scale and the 44-item Big Five Inventory questionnaire. Results The results showed a relationship between social distance, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Agreeableness seems to lower the social distance toward all studied groups. In comparison, openness to experience seems to lower the social dis-tance towards groups that evoke more polarized attitudes in the majority (e.g., migrants). Furthermore, the influence of demographic characteristics (i.e., age, education level, and gender) is also significant. Conclusions This study shows that personality is significantly related to social distancing and expression of prejudicial attitudes. In par-ticular, agreeableness and openness to experience have different effects on social distance and attitudes towards different groups. Further implications are discussed.

以往的研究表明，人格特征(如开放性、严谨性和亲和性)与偏见态度有关。然而，偏见的一个方面是社会距离;它与人格特质的关系被以前的研究忽视了。因此，本研究考察了五大人格特征与特定社会群体的社会距离之间的联系。参与者和程序通过传单、机构网页、Facebook和项目招聘网站从普通人群中招募参与者，并通过纸笔或在线表格进行评估。共纳入214名被试，其中68.2%为女性，平均年龄32.65岁，SD = 11.27，范围18-72岁。被试完成了Bogardus社会距离量表和44项大五量表问卷。结果社会距离、亲和性和经验开放性之间存在一定的关系。亲和性似乎降低了与所有研究群体的社会距离。相比之下，对经验的开放似乎降低了与那些在大多数人中引起更两极分化态度的群体(如移民)的社会距离。此外，人口特征(即年龄、教育水平和性别)的影响也很显著。结论人格对社会距离和偏见态度的表达有显著影响。特别是，宜人性和经验开放性对社会距离和对不同群体的态度有不同的影响。进一步的影响进行了讨论。

{"title":"Personality correlates of social attitudes and social distance","authors":"Juraj Jonáš, Nikola Doubková, Radek Heissler, Edel M. Sanders, Marek Preiss","doi":"10.5114/cipp/166031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp/166031","url":null,"abstract":"Background Previous studies have shown that personality traits (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) re-late to prejudicial attitudes. However, one of the aspects of prejudice is social distance; its association with personality traits was overlooked by previous studies. Therefore, this study examines the connection between the Big Five personality traits and social distance toward certain social groups. Participants and procedure Participants from the general population were recruited through leaflets, the institutional webpage, Facebook, and through the project recruitment website and assessed via paper-and-pencil or online form. A total of 214 participants were included (of whom 68.2% were women and the mean age was 32.65, SD = 11.27, range 18-72) who completed the Bogardus Social Distance Scale and the 44-item Big Five Inventory questionnaire. Results The results showed a relationship between social distance, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Agreeableness seems to lower the social distance toward all studied groups. In comparison, openness to experience seems to lower the social dis-tance towards groups that evoke more polarized attitudes in the majority (e.g., migrants). Furthermore, the influence of demographic characteristics (i.e., age, education level, and gender) is also significant. Conclusions This study shows that personality is significantly related to social distancing and expression of prejudicial attitudes. In par-ticular, agreeableness and openness to experience have different effects on social distance and attitudes towards different groups. Further implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are the dark personalities sincere? Connections between the Dark Triad and the Big Three 黑暗人格是真诚的吗?黑暗三合会和三巨头之间的联系

Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/169801

Manuel Galán, David Pineda, Pilar Rico-Bordera, José A. Piqueras, Ana Martínez-Martínez

Background There are different theories and models of personality. In the antisocial area, the model used is the Dark Triad, a model of personality composed of the traits of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. The links between the Dark Triad and other general models have been widely studied; however, there is little research connecting it with the traditional, but still used, model of personality described by Eysenck (psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the connections between the Dark Triad of personality and Eysenck’s personality model. Addi-tionally, we interpret the connections between the sincerity scale of Eysenck’s model and the Dark Triad. Participants and procedure Our final sample was composed of 2385 participants who completed different personality questionnaires measuring the Dark Triad and Eysenck’s model. Bivariate analyses and structural equation modelling were performed. Results Narcissism and Machiavellianism have positive connections with neuroticism and extraversion, whereas psychopathy is positively associated with psychoticism and negatively associated with extraversion. All the Dark Triad traits, mainly Machiavellianism, show the strongest connections with sincerity. Conclusions Considering the deceptive and manipulative nature of the Dark Triad, these results would imply that these traits could be mismeasured in some contexts. However, in research conditions those people who score higher on the Dark Tetrad traits do not hide behaviours that tend to be socially undesirable, implying some degree of honesty in their answers. Further efforts to develop more objective measures, such as implicit, indirect, task-based, or forced-choice measures, should be considered.

人格有不同的理论和模型。在反社会领域，使用的模型是黑暗三位一体，这是一种由马基雅维利主义、精神病和自恋特征组成的人格模型。黑暗三合一和其他一般模型之间的联系已经被广泛研究;然而，很少有研究将其与艾森克描述的传统但仍在使用的人格模型(精神病、外向性和神经质)联系起来。因此，本研究的目的是分析人格的黑暗三合一与艾森克的人格模型之间的联系。此外，我们还解释了艾森克模型的真诚度尺度与黑暗三联征之间的联系。我们的最终样本由2385名参与者组成，他们完成了不同的人格问卷，测量了黑暗三位一体和艾森克模型。进行了双变量分析和结构方程建模。结果自恋和马基雅维利主义与神经质和外向性呈正相关，而精神病与精神病性呈正相关，与外向性负相关。所有的黑暗人格特征，主要是马基雅维利主义，都与真诚有着最密切的联系。考虑到黑暗三合一的欺骗性和操纵性，这些结果可能意味着这些特征在某些情况下可能被错误测量。然而，在研究条件下，那些在黑暗四分体特征上得分较高的人并没有隐藏那些倾向于不受社会欢迎的行为，这意味着他们的回答在一定程度上是诚实的。应考虑进一步努力制订更客观的措施，例如隐含的、间接的、基于任务的或强迫选择的措施。

{"title":"Are the dark personalities sincere? Connections between the Dark Triad and the Big Three","authors":"Manuel Galán, David Pineda, Pilar Rico-Bordera, José A. Piqueras, Ana Martínez-Martínez","doi":"10.5114/cipp/169801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp/169801","url":null,"abstract":"Background There are different theories and models of personality. In the antisocial area, the model used is the Dark Triad, a model of personality composed of the traits of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. The links between the Dark Triad and other general models have been widely studied; however, there is little research connecting it with the traditional, but still used, model of personality described by Eysenck (psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the connections between the Dark Triad of personality and Eysenck’s personality model. Addi-tionally, we interpret the connections between the sincerity scale of Eysenck’s model and the Dark Triad. Participants and procedure Our final sample was composed of 2385 participants who completed different personality questionnaires measuring the Dark Triad and Eysenck’s model. Bivariate analyses and structural equation modelling were performed. Results Narcissism and Machiavellianism have positive connections with neuroticism and extraversion, whereas psychopathy is positively associated with psychoticism and negatively associated with extraversion. All the Dark Triad traits, mainly Machiavellianism, show the strongest connections with sincerity. Conclusions Considering the deceptive and manipulative nature of the Dark Triad, these results would imply that these traits could be mismeasured in some contexts. However, in research conditions those people who score higher on the Dark Tetrad traits do not hide behaviours that tend to be socially undesirable, implying some degree of honesty in their answers. Further efforts to develop more objective measures, such as implicit, indirect, task-based, or forced-choice measures, should be considered.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The impact of workplace harassment on the level of mental disorders: the moderating role of gender 工作场所骚扰对精神障碍水平的影响:性别的调节作用

Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/170212

Agnieszka Lipińska-Grobelny

Background Studies prove a positive relationship between mobbing in the workplace and the level of mental disorders. In the present research, it was decided to test whether gender is a moderator of the relationships under consideration. It is well known that women and men experience differences in the general clinical manifestations of certain disorders such as depression, anxiety and addiction. Furthermore, women are more likely to experience mobbing than men. Therefore, it was decided to test whether gender could be a moderator of the relationship between workplace harassment and the level of mental disorders. Participants and procedure Accordingly, a survey was conducted with 220 people aged 22-65 years employed in various Polish workplaces with at least one year of work experience, including 108 women and 112 men, using tools with verified psychometric properties. These were the Negative Action Questionnaire (NAQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results The analyses conducted showed that gender significantly alters the relationship between mobbing and general mental health, levels of somatic disorders, anxiety and insomnia, and symptoms of depression. In terms of psychological wellbeing, men, compared to women, have a much stronger reaction to harassment, both of a personal nature and directly aimed at the work sphere. Conclusions The aforementioned relationships may find practical application in the development of effective methods for the prevention and treatment of the effects of workplace harassment.

背景研究证明，职场骚扰与精神障碍水平之间存在正相关关系。在本研究中，决定测试性别是否在考虑的关系中起调节作用。众所周知，女性和男性在某些疾病(如抑郁、焦虑和成瘾)的一般临床表现上存在差异。此外，女性比男性更容易受到围攻。因此，决定测试性别是否可以成为工作场所骚扰与精神障碍水平之间关系的调节因素。因此，对220名年龄在22-65岁之间的人进行了调查，这些人在波兰的各个工作场所工作，至少有一年的工作经验，其中包括108名女性和112名男性，使用的工具具有经过验证的心理测量特性。这些是负面行为问卷(NAQ)和一般健康问卷(GHQ-28)。结果进行的分析表明，性别显著改变了骚扰与一般心理健康、躯体疾病水平、焦虑和失眠以及抑郁症状之间的关系。在心理健康方面，与女性相比，男性对骚扰的反应要强烈得多，无论是个人性质的骚扰还是直接针对工作领域的骚扰。结论上述关系在制定有效的预防和治疗工作场所骚扰影响的方法中具有实际应用价值。

{"title":"The impact of workplace harassment on the level of mental disorders: the moderating role of gender","authors":"Agnieszka Lipińska-Grobelny","doi":"10.5114/cipp/170212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp/170212","url":null,"abstract":"Background Studies prove a positive relationship between mobbing in the workplace and the level of mental disorders. In the present research, it was decided to test whether gender is a moderator of the relationships under consideration. It is well known that women and men experience differences in the general clinical manifestations of certain disorders such as depression, anxiety and addiction. Furthermore, women are more likely to experience mobbing than men. Therefore, it was decided to test whether gender could be a moderator of the relationship between workplace harassment and the level of mental disorders. Participants and procedure Accordingly, a survey was conducted with 220 people aged 22-65 years employed in various Polish workplaces with at least one year of work experience, including 108 women and 112 men, using tools with verified psychometric properties. These were the Negative Action Questionnaire (NAQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results The analyses conducted showed that gender significantly alters the relationship between mobbing and general mental health, levels of somatic disorders, anxiety and insomnia, and symptoms of depression. In terms of psychological wellbeing, men, compared to women, have a much stronger reaction to harassment, both of a personal nature and directly aimed at the work sphere. Conclusions The aforementioned relationships may find practical application in the development of effective methods for the prevention and treatment of the effects of workplace harassment.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporary change in personality states among social media users: effects of Instagram use on Big Five personality states and consumers' need for uniqueness. 社交媒体用户人格状态的暂时变化:Instagram使用对五大人格状态的影响及消费者独特性需求

IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-02-10 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.110938

Dariusz Drążkowski, Sebastian Pietrzak, Laura Mądry

Background: Research suggests that certain personality traits influence the frequency of social media use. However, the potential effect of social media use on personality states merits investigation as well, in light of the personality dynamics approach.

Participants and procedure: We conducted an experimental study in which 325 Instagram users were asked to count selfies and emoticons on their Instagram profiles (experimental condition) or their phones (control condition). Subsequently, all participants responded to questions from the Big Five personality inventory and scale to measure the need for uniqueness in consumption.

Results: Instagram users had a higher neuroticism state and a higher need for uniqueness compared with the controls. In terms of the other Big Five states, we observed no differences between the study conditions.

Conclusions: Our study explores the novel direction of the relationship between social media use and personality, suggesting that using Instagram can temporarily change personality states.

背景:研究表明，某些性格特征会影响社交媒体的使用频率。然而，根据人格动力学方法，社交媒体使用对人格状态的潜在影响也值得调查。参与者和程序:我们进行了一项实验研究，要求325名Instagram用户在他们的Instagram个人资料(实验条件)或手机(控制条件)上统计自拍照和表情符号。随后，所有参与者都回答了大五人格量表中的问题，以衡量消费中对独特性的需求。结果:与对照组相比，Instagram用户具有更高的神经质状态和更高的独特性需求。就其他五大州而言，我们没有观察到研究条件之间的差异。结论:我们的研究探索了社交媒体使用与人格之间关系的新方向，表明使用Instagram可以暂时改变人格状态。

{"title":"Temporary change in personality states among social media users: effects of Instagram use on Big Five personality states and consumers' need for uniqueness.","authors":"Dariusz Drążkowski, Sebastian Pietrzak, Laura Mądry","doi":"10.5114/cipp.2021.110938","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp.2021.110938","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Research suggests that certain personality traits influence the frequency of social media use. However, the potential effect of social media use on personality states merits investigation as well, in light of the personality dynamics approach.Participants and procedure: We conducted an experimental study in which 325 Instagram users were asked to count selfies and emoticons on their Instagram profiles (experimental condition) or their phones (control condition). Subsequently, all participants responded to questions from the Big Five personality inventory and scale to measure the need for uniqueness in consumption.Results: Instagram users had a higher neuroticism state and a higher need for uniqueness compared with the controls. In terms of the other Big Five states, we observed no differences between the study conditions.Conclusions: Our study explores the novel direction of the relationship between social media use and personality, suggesting that using Instagram can temporarily change personality states.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10653346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77365641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

I believe what I see: Impact of attire and academic degree on evaluation of personality traits of a politician. 我相信我所看到的:衣着和学历对政治家性格特征评价的影响。

IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2021-12-10 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.110851

Bożydar L J Kaczmarek, Marcin Stencel

Background: The image of a politician primes people to judge his/her personality traits. Voters are looking for such qualities as honesty, intelligence, friendliness, sincerity, and trustworthiness. Most studies, however, concentrate on the evaluation of faces, and only some take into account the candidate's attire.

Participants and procedure: The research included 320 participants between 18 and 78 years. It aimed to assess whether the parliamentary candidate's attire affects voters' evaluation of his personality traits. A description of his program was also presented to determine whether it affected the candidate's evaluation. Participants observed four versions of a fictional candidate's election materials: the candidate dressed in a formal suit or dressed casually and dressed formally or casually but bearing a doctor's degree. We used a self-constructed questionnaire to evaluate selected traits of the candidate's character.

Results: The findings revealed that participants believed an individual in casual wear to be more active, attractive, open to people and the world, friendly, honest, and reliable, and only more smart, and effective while dressed formally. Also, the academic degree proved to be of importance. Accordingly, the same person with a doctorate was additionally evaluated as competent, responsible when dressed casually, and responsible when wearing a suit. It confirms the assumption that the informal dress and academic degree are most influential. The program description proved to be of no significance.

Conclusions: Our study shows that the way the candidate was dressed affected the evaluation of his personality characteristics. The participants attributed the casually dressed candidate the traits expected from a politician.

背景:政治家的形象会启动人们判断他/她的个性特征。选民们看重的是诚实、聪明、友善、真诚和可信赖等品质。然而，大多数研究都集中在对面孔的评价上，只有一些研究考虑到了候选人的着装。参与者和程序:该研究包括320名年龄在18至78岁之间的参与者。该调查旨在评估国会候选人的着装是否会影响选民对其性格特征的评价。他的程序的描述也提出，以确定是否影响候选人的评价。参与者观察了四种版本的虚构候选人的选举材料:穿着正装的候选人或穿着休闲的候选人，穿着正式的候选人或穿着休闲但拥有博士学位的候选人。我们用一份自编的问卷来评估候选人性格中的一些特征。结果:研究结果显示，参与者认为穿休闲装的人更活跃、更有吸引力、对人和世界更开放、友好、诚实、可靠，而且只有在穿正式服装的时候才更聪明、更有效率。此外，学历证明是很重要的。因此，拥有博士学位的人在穿休闲装时被评价为“有能力”、“有责任心”、“穿正装时有责任心”。它证实了非正式着装和学历最具影响力的假设。程序说明证明是毫无意义的。结论:我们的研究表明，候选人的穿着方式影响了对其性格特征的评价。参与者认为这位穿着随意的候选人具有政治家应有的特质。

{"title":"I believe what I see: Impact of attire and academic degree on evaluation of personality traits of a politician.","authors":"Bożydar L J Kaczmarek, Marcin Stencel","doi":"10.5114/cipp.2021.110851","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp.2021.110851","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The image of a politician primes people to judge his/her personality traits. Voters are looking for such qualities as honesty, intelligence, friendliness, sincerity, and trustworthiness. Most studies, however, concentrate on the evaluation of faces, and only some take into account the candidate's attire.Participants and procedure: The research included 320 participants between 18 and 78 years. It aimed to assess whether the parliamentary candidate's attire affects voters' evaluation of his personality traits. A description of his program was also presented to determine whether it affected the candidate's evaluation. Participants observed four versions of a fictional candidate's election materials: the candidate dressed in a formal suit or dressed casually and dressed formally or casually but bearing a doctor's degree. We used a self-constructed questionnaire to evaluate selected traits of the candidate's character.Results: The findings revealed that participants believed an individual in casual wear to be more active, attractive, open to people and the world, friendly, honest, and reliable, and only more smart, and effective while dressed formally. Also, the academic degree proved to be of importance. Accordingly, the same person with a doctorate was additionally evaluated as competent, responsible when dressed casually, and responsible when wearing a suit. It confirms the assumption that the informal dress and academic degree are most influential. The program description proved to be of no significance.Conclusions: Our study shows that the way the candidate was dressed affected the evaluation of his personality characteristics. The participants attributed the casually dressed candidate the traits expected from a politician.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"10 4","pages":"311-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10535635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Erratum: Author correction: Relations with parents and identity statuses in the relational domain in emerging adults. 勘误:作者更正:与父母的关系和身份状态在关系领域的新兴成年人。

IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2021-03-30 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.104754

Justyna Michałek

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2016.61757.].

[这更正了文章DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2016.61757.]。

引用次数: 1

Thinking Too Much About the Novel Coronavirus. The Link Between Persistent Thinking About COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 Anxiety and Trauma Effects 对新型冠状病毒想太多了。持续思考COVID-19、SARS-CoV-2焦虑和创伤效应之间的联系

IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2020-05-30 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/p924a

S. Skalski, Patrycja Uram, P. Dobrakowski, A. Kwiatkowska

Background. Earlier reports have shown that anxiety over the novel coronavirus may predict mental functioning during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to assess the links between persistent thinking about COVID-19, anxiety over SARS-CoV-2 and trauma effects. For the purpose of this study, the Polish adaptation of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) was implemented. Participants and procedure. The study involved 356 individuals aged 18–78 (58% females). In addition to OCS, the participants completed the following questionnaires: the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the Short Form of the Changes in Outlook Questionnaire. Results. OCS was characterized by satisfactory psychometric properties (α = .82). Regression analysis indicated that persistent thinking about COVID-19 was associated with increased coronavirus anxiety and negative trauma effects. In addition, anxiety served as a partial mediator in the link between persistent thinking about COVID-19 and negative trauma effects. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that persistent thinking about the pandemic may be dysfunctional for mental health during the spread of the infectious disease.

背景。早些时候的报道表明，对新型冠状病毒的焦虑可能会预测大流行期间的心理功能。这项研究的目的是评估对COVID-19的持续思考、对SARS-CoV-2的焦虑和创伤影响之间的联系。本研究采用波兰版《COVID-19强迫症量表》(OCS)。参与者和程序。这项研究涉及356名年龄在18-78岁之间的人(58%是女性)。除OCS外，参与者还完成了以下问卷:冠状病毒焦虑量表和展望变化问卷简表。结果。OCS具有令人满意的心理测量特性(α = .82)。回归分析表明，持续思考COVID-19与冠状病毒焦虑增加和负面创伤效应有关。此外，焦虑在持续思考COVID-19与负面创伤影响之间的联系中起着部分中介作用。结论。获得的数据表明，在传染病传播期间，持续思考大流行可能会对心理健康产生不良影响。

{"title":"Thinking Too Much About the Novel Coronavirus. The Link Between Persistent Thinking About COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 Anxiety and Trauma Effects","authors":"S. Skalski, Patrycja Uram, P. Dobrakowski, A. Kwiatkowska","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/p924a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/p924a","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Earlier reports have shown that anxiety over the novel coronavirus may predict mental functioning during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to assess the links between persistent thinking about COVID-19, anxiety over SARS-CoV-2 and trauma effects. For the purpose of this study, the Polish adaptation of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) was implemented. Participants and procedure. The study involved 356 individuals aged 18–78 (58% females). In addition to OCS, the participants completed the following questionnaires: the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the Short Form of the Changes in Outlook Questionnaire. Results. OCS was characterized by satisfactory psychometric properties (α = .82). Regression analysis indicated that persistent thinking about COVID-19 was associated with increased coronavirus anxiety and negative trauma effects. In addition, anxiety served as a partial mediator in the link between persistent thinking about COVID-19 and negative trauma effects. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that persistent thinking about the pandemic may be dysfunctional for mental health during the spread of the infectious disease.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85349223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Autistic traits, adolescence, and anti-social peer pressure 自闭症特征，青春期和反社会同伴压力

IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2020-04-08 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2020.94317

Diarmuid Verrier, Sabrina Halton, M. Robinson

Background The potential role of autism as a moderator of conformity has recently been investigated by a small number of studies. However, as yet, no consensus has emerged as to whether autism or autistic traits can moderate the degree to which people attend to and are influenced by social pressure, nor whether there are specific circumstances under which this might occur. The current study adds to this ambiguous literature by looking at whether autism and autistic traits are associated with conformity in the context of adolescent peer pressure. Participants and procedure A sample of 12-16 year old students completed questionnaire measures of peer conformity (e.g., in relation to smoking, skipping school, etc.), resistance to peer influence, and autistic traits. Approximately half had an autism-related diagnosis, and none had an intellectual impairment. Results Controlling for age, gender, and academic ability, we found that degree of autistic traits was associated with reduced peer conformity, while a diagnosis of autism was not. In contrast, neither autism nor autistic traits were related to resistance to peer influence. Conclusions These results are contextualised in terms of past research and positioned within a broader model of individual differences and conformity in which autistic traits moderate the degree to which a person perceives peer influence, while resistance to peer influence moderates the degree to which one conforms to peer influence. Possible future avenues of inquiry are suggested.

背景自闭症作为从众行为的调节者的潜在作用最近被少量的研究所调查。然而，到目前为止，关于自闭症或自闭症特征是否可以缓和人们对社会压力的关注和受社会压力影响的程度，以及是否存在可能发生这种情况的具体情况，还没有达成共识。目前的研究通过观察自闭症和自闭症特征是否与青少年同伴压力背景下的从众行为有关，为这一模棱两可的文献增添了新的内容。参与者和程序一组12-16岁的学生完成了同伴从众(例如，吸烟、逃学等)、抵抗同伴影响和自闭症特征的问卷调查。大约一半的人有自闭症相关的诊断，没有人有智力障碍。结果在控制了年龄、性别和学术能力后，我们发现自闭症特征的程度与同伴从众程度的降低有关，而自闭症的诊断则与之无关。相比之下，自闭症和自闭症特征都与抵抗同伴影响无关。这些结果是根据过去的研究进行背景化的，并定位于一个更广泛的个体差异和从众的模型中，在这个模型中，自闭症特征调节了一个人感知同伴影响的程度，而对同伴影响的抵抗调节了一个人对同伴影响的依从程度。提出了未来可能的调查途径。

{"title":"Autistic traits, adolescence, and anti-social peer pressure","authors":"Diarmuid Verrier, Sabrina Halton, M. Robinson","doi":"10.5114/cipp.2020.94317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2020.94317","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000The potential role of autism as a moderator of conformity has recently been investigated by a small number of studies. However, as yet, no consensus has emerged as to whether autism or autistic traits can moderate the degree to which people attend to and are influenced by social pressure, nor whether there are specific circumstances under which this might occur. The current study adds to this ambiguous literature by looking at whether autism and autistic traits are associated with conformity in the context of adolescent peer pressure. \u0000 \u0000Participants and procedure \u0000A sample of 12-16 year old students completed questionnaire measures of peer conformity (e.g., in relation to smoking, skipping school, etc.), resistance to peer influence, and autistic traits. Approximately half had an autism-related diagnosis, and none had an intellectual impairment. \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Controlling for age, gender, and academic ability, we found that degree of autistic traits was associated with reduced peer conformity, while a diagnosis of autism was not. In contrast, neither autism nor autistic traits were related to resistance to peer influence. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000These results are contextualised in terms of past research and positioned within a broader model of individual differences and conformity in which autistic traits moderate the degree to which a person perceives peer influence, while resistance to peer influence moderates the degree to which one conforms to peer influence. Possible future avenues of inquiry are suggested.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"143 1","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81716544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Multidimensional measure of aggression in adolescents: Croatian validation of the Peer Conflict Scale 青少年攻击行为的多维测量:同伴冲突量表的克罗地亚验证

IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2020-03-10 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2020.93608

M. Drnas, D. Bratko, Martina Pocrnić

Background In order to adequately assess aggression in adolescence, the Peer Conflict Scale (PCS) was developed. It evaluates both forms and functions of aggression (i.e. proactive overt, proactive relational, reactive overt and reactive relational aggression). The goal of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Croatian version of the Peer Conflict Scale. Participants and procedure The total sample consisted of 656 high school students from the City of Zagreb (age range 16-17, 55.33% boys). Independent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to determine the factor structure, and the best fitting model of the PCS on a Croatian sample. Results Both results of EFA and CFA support a proposed four-factor model of the instrument. Reliabilities of the instrument’s scales were acceptable. The measurement invariance across gender was established. In order to analyse the construct validity of the PCS, relations between aggression subtypes and the theoretically meaningful variable, i.e. anxiety, were assessed. Reactive rela-tional aggression had the highest correlation with anxiety, while proactive overt aggression did not correlate significantly with anxiety. Furthermore, gender differences in aggression subtypes were assessed, and were in accordance with past research. Conclusions Our study verifies the reliability, factor structure and construct validity of PCS in a sample of Croatian adolescents. However, the results of this study suggest that the response format should be changed. Furthermore, some items did not match well with corresponding factors and the best fitting model was the one in which those items were excluded. Therefore, we suggest that two items should be replaced with new ones.

背景为了充分评估青少年的攻击行为，制定了同伴冲突量表(PCS)。它评估了攻击的形式和功能(即主动公开攻击、主动关系攻击、反应性公开攻击和反应性关系攻击)。本研究的目的是检验克罗地亚版同伴冲突量表的效度和信度。参与者和程序总样本包括来自萨格勒布市的656名高中生(年龄范围16-17岁，55.33%的男生)。采用独立探索性因子分析(EFA)和验证性因子分析(CFA)来确定因素结构，并确定克罗地亚样本上PCS的最佳拟合模型。结果EFA和CFA的结果均支持该仪器的四因素模型。仪器刻度的可靠性是可以接受的。建立了跨性别测量的不变性。为了分析建构效度，我们评估了攻击亚型与焦虑这一理论有意义变量之间的关系。反应性关系攻击与焦虑的相关性最高，而主动性公开攻击与焦虑的相关性不显著。此外，还评估了攻击亚型的性别差异，与以往的研究一致。结论本研究在克罗地亚青少年样本中验证了PCS的信度、因素结构和结构效度。然而，本研究的结果表明，应改变回应格式。此外，有些项目与相应的因子匹配不太好，最好的拟合模型是排除这些项目的模型。因此，我们建议更换两项新产品。

{"title":"Multidimensional measure of aggression in adolescents: Croatian validation of the Peer Conflict Scale","authors":"M. Drnas, D. Bratko, Martina Pocrnić","doi":"10.5114/cipp.2020.93608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2020.93608","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000 In order to adequately assess aggression in adolescence, the Peer Conflict Scale (PCS) was developed. It evaluates both forms and functions of aggression (i.e. proactive overt, proactive relational, reactive overt and reactive relational aggression). The goal of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Croatian version of the Peer Conflict Scale. \u0000 Participants and procedure \u0000 The total sample consisted of 656 high school students from the City of Zagreb (age range 16-17, 55.33% boys). Independent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to determine the factor structure, and the best fitting model of the PCS on a Croatian sample. \u0000 Results \u0000 Both results of EFA and CFA support a proposed four-factor model of the instrument. Reliabilities of the instrument’s scales were acceptable. The measurement invariance across gender was established. In order to analyse the construct validity of the PCS, relations between aggression subtypes and the theoretically meaningful variable, i.e. anxiety, were assessed. Reactive rela-tional aggression had the highest correlation with anxiety, while proactive overt aggression did not correlate significantly with anxiety. Furthermore, gender differences in aggression subtypes were assessed, and were in accordance with past research. \u0000 Conclusions \u0000 Our study verifies the reliability, factor structure and construct validity of PCS in a sample of Croatian adolescents. However, the results of this study suggest that the response format should be changed. Furthermore, some items did not match well with corresponding factors and the best fitting model was the one in which those items were excluded. Therefore, we suggest that two items should be replaced with new ones.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86324721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Psychometric evaluation of the Polish version of the Support in Intimate Relationships Rating Scale – Revised (SIRRS-R) 波兰版《亲密关系支持评定量表》(SIRRS-R)的心理测量学评价

IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2020.94261

Michalina Ilska, Hanna Przybyła-Basista

Researchers are interested in studies on the importance of partner support for both the well-being of the individual in various life contexts and the marital satisfaction. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Support in Intimate Relationships Rating Scale – Revised (SIRRS-R) developed by Barry, Bunde, Brock, and Lawrence with a Polish sample. The sample consisted of a total of 574 people in close heterosexual relationships, diverse in terms of age, sex, and education. Half of the participants were married and the other half in informal relationships, cohabiting with their partners. The duration of the relationship varied, with the average of 7 years. The results of the present research indicate satisfactory psychometric properties of the Polish version of the SIRRS-R. Our findings confirm the four-factor structure of support received from the partner proposed in the original version of the SIRRS-R. The questionnaire consists of four subscales: emotional and esteem support, informational support, physical comfort, and instrumental or tangible support. The Cronbach’s α reliability for the whole scale is .94 (for the subscales it ranged from .85 to .92). The Polish version of the SIRRS-R is a valid and reliable questionnaire suitable for use in research on the importance of partner support for physical and mental health of individuals in many contexts of life associated with stress, and for identifying factors contributing to marital satisfaction.

研究人员对伴侣支持在不同生活环境下对个人幸福感和婚姻满意度的重要性的研究很感兴趣。本研究对Barry、Bunde、Brock和Lawrence开发的《亲密关系支持评定量表-修订版》(SIRRS-R)的心理测量特性进行了检验，并采用波兰样本。样本包括574名有着亲密异性关系的人，他们的年龄、性别和教育程度各不相同。一半的参与者已婚，另一半则是与伴侣同居的非正式关系。这种关系的持续时间各不相同，平均为7年。本研究结果表明波兰版的SIRRS-R具有令人满意的心理测量特性。我们的研究结果证实了在最初版本的SIRRS-R中提出的从合作伙伴那里获得支持的四因素结构。问卷由四个分量表组成:情感和尊重支持、信息支持、身体舒适和工具或有形支持。整个量表的Cronbach 's α信度为0.94(子量表的信度范围为0.85至0.92)。波兰版的sirs - r是一份有效和可靠的调查问卷，适用于研究在许多与压力有关的生活环境中伴侣支持对个人身心健康的重要性，并用于确定促进婚姻满意度的因素。

{"title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Polish version of the Support in Intimate Relationships Rating Scale – Revised (SIRRS-R)","authors":"Michalina Ilska, Hanna Przybyła-Basista","doi":"10.5114/cipp.2020.94261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2020.94261","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers are interested in studies on the importance of partner support for both the well-being of the individual in various life contexts and the marital satisfaction. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Support in Intimate Relationships Rating Scale – Revised (SIRRS-R) developed by Barry, Bunde, Brock, and Lawrence with a Polish sample. The sample consisted of a total of 574 people in close heterosexual relationships, diverse in terms of age, sex, and education. Half of the participants were married and the other half in informal relationships, cohabiting with their partners. The duration of the relationship varied, with the average of 7 years. The results of the present research indicate satisfactory psychometric properties of the Polish version of the SIRRS-R. Our findings confirm the four-factor structure of support received from the partner proposed in the original version of the SIRRS-R. The questionnaire consists of four subscales: emotional and esteem support, informational support, physical comfort, and instrumental or tangible support. The Cronbach’s α reliability for the whole scale is .94 (for the subscales it ranged from .85 to .92). The Polish version of the SIRRS-R is a valid and reliable questionnaire suitable for use in research on the importance of partner support for physical and mental health of individuals in many contexts of life associated with stress, and for identifying factors contributing to marital satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91156743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0