Current Issues in Personality Psychology最新文献_第2页

The general factor of personality is related to emotional, psychological, and social well-being 人格的一般因素与情感、心理和社会福祉有关

Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/171609

Radosław Rogoza, Ana Blasco-Belled, Marta Rogoza, Carles Alsinet

Background The general factor of personality is defined as a blend of socially desirable attributes of basic personality traits. It is related to a variety of socially desirable qualities, including emotional well-being. However, its relationship with psychological and social well-being has been underexplored. Participants and procedure Across three studies (N = 556, N = 448, N = 3,294) from three different countries (Poland, Spain, and USA), we show that the general factor of personality is highly related to a general factor of well-being and to its specific dimensions. Results Results from Study 1 confirmed this association using a basic measure of well-being (i.e., the Mental Health Continuum), results from Study 2 confirmed this association using six specific measures of well-being, while results from Study 3 repro-duced a congruent result using a large-scale community sample. Conclusions Our findings align with the existing literature stressing the positive link between the general factor of personality and as-pects of well-being.

人格的一般因素被定义为基本人格特征中社会期望属性的混合。它与各种社会期望的品质有关，包括情感健康。然而，它与心理和社会福祉的关系尚未得到充分探讨。通过来自三个不同国家(波兰、西班牙和美国)的三项研究(N = 556、N = 448、N = 3294)，我们发现人格的一般因素与幸福的一般因素及其具体维度高度相关。研究1的结果使用幸福感的基本测量(即心理健康连续体)证实了这种关联，研究2的结果使用六种特定的幸福感测量证实了这种关联，而研究3的结果使用大规模社区样本再现了一致的结果。结论:我们的研究结果与现有文献一致，强调人格的一般因素与幸福感之间的积极联系。

引用次数: 0

Attributional and attentional patterns in the perception of ambiguous harmful encounters involving peer and authority figures 涉及同伴和权威人物的模糊有害遭遇感知中的归因和注意模式

Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/166751

Anna Zajenkowska, Ewa Duda, Claire Lawrence, Marta Bodecka

Background Self-construal influences the way people ascribe blame to victims, but it is not clear whether the same applies to harm do-ers, especially those in a position of authority. Participants and procedure We examined (N = 122, men n = 60) participants’ ascriptions of both blame and intentionality to harm doers (authority fig-ure versus peer) while priming self-construal (relational versus individual self). Using eye-tracking, we explored whether priming relational self, compared to individual self, affects the allocation of attention to faces versus objects. Results Although no effects of priming were found, the type of harm doer influenced the way people interpreted harmful social encounters. Participants attributed both greater intentionality and blame to peer than authority perpetrators. Also, in the case of peer perpetrators, blame ascription was higher than judgements of intentionality, which was the opposite pattern for authority perpetrators, where judgements of intentionality were greater than ascribed blame. In regard to encoding, par-ticipants independently of the type of harm doer looked significantly longer at faces than at objects in violent scenes. Conclusions Our results suggest the status of perpetrator influences judgements of harm independently of intrapersonal factors, such as primed self-construal. Moreover, people perceived as authority figures are not blamed for the hurtful action, despite attribut-ed intentionality.

自我解释会影响人们将责任归咎于受害者的方式，但目前尚不清楚这是否也适用于加害人，尤其是那些身居高位的人。我们检查了(N = 122，男性N = 60)参与者在启动自我解释(关系自我与个体自我)的同时，对加害人(权威人物与同伴)的指责和故意的归因。通过眼动追踪，我们探讨了与个体自我相比，启动关系自我是否会影响对面孔和物体的注意分配。结果虽然没有发现启动效应，但伤害者的类型会影响人们对有害社会遭遇的理解方式。与权威犯罪者相比，参与者将更多的故意和责任归咎于同伴。此外，在同伴肇事者的情况下，指责归因高于故意判断，这与权威肇事者的模式相反，其中故意判断大于归咎于责任。在编码方面，与施暴者的类型无关的参与者看人脸的时间明显长于看暴力场景中的物体的时间。结论加害者身份对伤害判断的影响不受启动自我解释等个人因素的影响。此外，被视为权威人物的人不会因为伤害行为而受到指责，尽管被归咎于故意。

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引用次数: 0

Personality correlates of social attitudes and social distance 人格与社会态度和社会距离相关

Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/166031

Juraj Jonáš, Nikola Doubková, Radek Heissler, Edel M. Sanders, Marek Preiss

Background Previous studies have shown that personality traits (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) re-late to prejudicial attitudes. However, one of the aspects of prejudice is social distance; its association with personality traits was overlooked by previous studies. Therefore, this study examines the connection between the Big Five personality traits and social distance toward certain social groups. Participants and procedure Participants from the general population were recruited through leaflets, the institutional webpage, Facebook, and through the project recruitment website and assessed via paper-and-pencil or online form. A total of 214 participants were included (of whom 68.2% were women and the mean age was 32.65, SD = 11.27, range 18-72) who completed the Bogardus Social Distance Scale and the 44-item Big Five Inventory questionnaire. Results The results showed a relationship between social distance, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Agreeableness seems to lower the social distance toward all studied groups. In comparison, openness to experience seems to lower the social dis-tance towards groups that evoke more polarized attitudes in the majority (e.g., migrants). Furthermore, the influence of demographic characteristics (i.e., age, education level, and gender) is also significant. Conclusions This study shows that personality is significantly related to social distancing and expression of prejudicial attitudes. In par-ticular, agreeableness and openness to experience have different effects on social distance and attitudes towards different groups. Further implications are discussed.

以往的研究表明，人格特征(如开放性、严谨性和亲和性)与偏见态度有关。然而，偏见的一个方面是社会距离;它与人格特质的关系被以前的研究忽视了。因此，本研究考察了五大人格特征与特定社会群体的社会距离之间的联系。参与者和程序通过传单、机构网页、Facebook和项目招聘网站从普通人群中招募参与者，并通过纸笔或在线表格进行评估。共纳入214名被试，其中68.2%为女性，平均年龄32.65岁，SD = 11.27，范围18-72岁。被试完成了Bogardus社会距离量表和44项大五量表问卷。结果社会距离、亲和性和经验开放性之间存在一定的关系。亲和性似乎降低了与所有研究群体的社会距离。相比之下，对经验的开放似乎降低了与那些在大多数人中引起更两极分化态度的群体(如移民)的社会距离。此外，人口特征(即年龄、教育水平和性别)的影响也很显著。结论人格对社会距离和偏见态度的表达有显著影响。特别是，宜人性和经验开放性对社会距离和对不同群体的态度有不同的影响。进一步的影响进行了讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Are the dark personalities sincere? Connections between the Dark Triad and the Big Three 黑暗人格是真诚的吗?黑暗三合会和三巨头之间的联系

Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/169801

Manuel Galán, David Pineda, Pilar Rico-Bordera, José A. Piqueras, Ana Martínez-Martínez

Background There are different theories and models of personality. In the antisocial area, the model used is the Dark Triad, a model of personality composed of the traits of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. The links between the Dark Triad and other general models have been widely studied; however, there is little research connecting it with the traditional, but still used, model of personality described by Eysenck (psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the connections between the Dark Triad of personality and Eysenck’s personality model. Addi-tionally, we interpret the connections between the sincerity scale of Eysenck’s model and the Dark Triad. Participants and procedure Our final sample was composed of 2385 participants who completed different personality questionnaires measuring the Dark Triad and Eysenck’s model. Bivariate analyses and structural equation modelling were performed. Results Narcissism and Machiavellianism have positive connections with neuroticism and extraversion, whereas psychopathy is positively associated with psychoticism and negatively associated with extraversion. All the Dark Triad traits, mainly Machiavellianism, show the strongest connections with sincerity. Conclusions Considering the deceptive and manipulative nature of the Dark Triad, these results would imply that these traits could be mismeasured in some contexts. However, in research conditions those people who score higher on the Dark Tetrad traits do not hide behaviours that tend to be socially undesirable, implying some degree of honesty in their answers. Further efforts to develop more objective measures, such as implicit, indirect, task-based, or forced-choice measures, should be considered.

人格有不同的理论和模型。在反社会领域，使用的模型是黑暗三位一体，这是一种由马基雅维利主义、精神病和自恋特征组成的人格模型。黑暗三合一和其他一般模型之间的联系已经被广泛研究;然而，很少有研究将其与艾森克描述的传统但仍在使用的人格模型(精神病、外向性和神经质)联系起来。因此，本研究的目的是分析人格的黑暗三合一与艾森克的人格模型之间的联系。此外，我们还解释了艾森克模型的真诚度尺度与黑暗三联征之间的联系。我们的最终样本由2385名参与者组成，他们完成了不同的人格问卷，测量了黑暗三位一体和艾森克模型。进行了双变量分析和结构方程建模。结果自恋和马基雅维利主义与神经质和外向性呈正相关，而精神病与精神病性呈正相关，与外向性负相关。所有的黑暗人格特征，主要是马基雅维利主义，都与真诚有着最密切的联系。考虑到黑暗三合一的欺骗性和操纵性，这些结果可能意味着这些特征在某些情况下可能被错误测量。然而，在研究条件下，那些在黑暗四分体特征上得分较高的人并没有隐藏那些倾向于不受社会欢迎的行为，这意味着他们的回答在一定程度上是诚实的。应考虑进一步努力制订更客观的措施，例如隐含的、间接的、基于任务的或强迫选择的措施。

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引用次数: 1

The impact of workplace harassment on the level of mental disorders: the moderating role of gender 工作场所骚扰对精神障碍水平的影响:性别的调节作用

Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/170212

Agnieszka Lipińska-Grobelny

Background Studies prove a positive relationship between mobbing in the workplace and the level of mental disorders. In the present research, it was decided to test whether gender is a moderator of the relationships under consideration. It is well known that women and men experience differences in the general clinical manifestations of certain disorders such as depression, anxiety and addiction. Furthermore, women are more likely to experience mobbing than men. Therefore, it was decided to test whether gender could be a moderator of the relationship between workplace harassment and the level of mental disorders. Participants and procedure Accordingly, a survey was conducted with 220 people aged 22-65 years employed in various Polish workplaces with at least one year of work experience, including 108 women and 112 men, using tools with verified psychometric properties. These were the Negative Action Questionnaire (NAQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results The analyses conducted showed that gender significantly alters the relationship between mobbing and general mental health, levels of somatic disorders, anxiety and insomnia, and symptoms of depression. In terms of psychological wellbeing, men, compared to women, have a much stronger reaction to harassment, both of a personal nature and directly aimed at the work sphere. Conclusions The aforementioned relationships may find practical application in the development of effective methods for the prevention and treatment of the effects of workplace harassment.

背景研究证明，职场骚扰与精神障碍水平之间存在正相关关系。在本研究中，决定测试性别是否在考虑的关系中起调节作用。众所周知，女性和男性在某些疾病(如抑郁、焦虑和成瘾)的一般临床表现上存在差异。此外，女性比男性更容易受到围攻。因此，决定测试性别是否可以成为工作场所骚扰与精神障碍水平之间关系的调节因素。因此，对220名年龄在22-65岁之间的人进行了调查，这些人在波兰的各个工作场所工作，至少有一年的工作经验，其中包括108名女性和112名男性，使用的工具具有经过验证的心理测量特性。这些是负面行为问卷(NAQ)和一般健康问卷(GHQ-28)。结果进行的分析表明，性别显著改变了骚扰与一般心理健康、躯体疾病水平、焦虑和失眠以及抑郁症状之间的关系。在心理健康方面，与女性相比，男性对骚扰的反应要强烈得多，无论是个人性质的骚扰还是直接针对工作领域的骚扰。结论上述关系在制定有效的预防和治疗工作场所骚扰影响的方法中具有实际应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Temporary change in personality states among social media users: effects of Instagram use on Big Five personality states and consumers' need for uniqueness. 社交媒体用户人格状态的暂时变化:Instagram使用对五大人格状态的影响及消费者独特性需求

IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-02-10 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.110938

Dariusz Drążkowski, Sebastian Pietrzak, Laura Mądry

Background: Research suggests that certain personality traits influence the frequency of social media use. However, the potential effect of social media use on personality states merits investigation as well, in light of the personality dynamics approach.

Participants and procedure: We conducted an experimental study in which 325 Instagram users were asked to count selfies and emoticons on their Instagram profiles (experimental condition) or their phones (control condition). Subsequently, all participants responded to questions from the Big Five personality inventory and scale to measure the need for uniqueness in consumption.

Results: Instagram users had a higher neuroticism state and a higher need for uniqueness compared with the controls. In terms of the other Big Five states, we observed no differences between the study conditions.

Conclusions: Our study explores the novel direction of the relationship between social media use and personality, suggesting that using Instagram can temporarily change personality states.

背景:研究表明，某些性格特征会影响社交媒体的使用频率。然而，根据人格动力学方法，社交媒体使用对人格状态的潜在影响也值得调查。参与者和程序:我们进行了一项实验研究，要求325名Instagram用户在他们的Instagram个人资料(实验条件)或手机(控制条件)上统计自拍照和表情符号。随后，所有参与者都回答了大五人格量表中的问题，以衡量消费中对独特性的需求。结果:与对照组相比，Instagram用户具有更高的神经质状态和更高的独特性需求。就其他五大州而言，我们没有观察到研究条件之间的差异。结论:我们的研究探索了社交媒体使用与人格之间关系的新方向，表明使用Instagram可以暂时改变人格状态。

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引用次数: 2

I believe what I see: Impact of attire and academic degree on evaluation of personality traits of a politician. 我相信我所看到的:衣着和学历对政治家性格特征评价的影响。

IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2021-12-10 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.110851

Bożydar L J Kaczmarek, Marcin Stencel

Background: The image of a politician primes people to judge his/her personality traits. Voters are looking for such qualities as honesty, intelligence, friendliness, sincerity, and trustworthiness. Most studies, however, concentrate on the evaluation of faces, and only some take into account the candidate's attire.

Participants and procedure: The research included 320 participants between 18 and 78 years. It aimed to assess whether the parliamentary candidate's attire affects voters' evaluation of his personality traits. A description of his program was also presented to determine whether it affected the candidate's evaluation. Participants observed four versions of a fictional candidate's election materials: the candidate dressed in a formal suit or dressed casually and dressed formally or casually but bearing a doctor's degree. We used a self-constructed questionnaire to evaluate selected traits of the candidate's character.

Results: The findings revealed that participants believed an individual in casual wear to be more active, attractive, open to people and the world, friendly, honest, and reliable, and only more smart, and effective while dressed formally. Also, the academic degree proved to be of importance. Accordingly, the same person with a doctorate was additionally evaluated as competent, responsible when dressed casually, and responsible when wearing a suit. It confirms the assumption that the informal dress and academic degree are most influential. The program description proved to be of no significance.

Conclusions: Our study shows that the way the candidate was dressed affected the evaluation of his personality characteristics. The participants attributed the casually dressed candidate the traits expected from a politician.

背景:政治家的形象会启动人们判断他/她的个性特征。选民们看重的是诚实、聪明、友善、真诚和可信赖等品质。然而，大多数研究都集中在对面孔的评价上，只有一些研究考虑到了候选人的着装。参与者和程序:该研究包括320名年龄在18至78岁之间的参与者。该调查旨在评估国会候选人的着装是否会影响选民对其性格特征的评价。他的程序的描述也提出，以确定是否影响候选人的评价。参与者观察了四种版本的虚构候选人的选举材料:穿着正装的候选人或穿着休闲的候选人，穿着正式的候选人或穿着休闲但拥有博士学位的候选人。我们用一份自编的问卷来评估候选人性格中的一些特征。结果:研究结果显示，参与者认为穿休闲装的人更活跃、更有吸引力、对人和世界更开放、友好、诚实、可靠，而且只有在穿正式服装的时候才更聪明、更有效率。此外，学历证明是很重要的。因此，拥有博士学位的人在穿休闲装时被评价为“有能力”、“有责任心”、“穿正装时有责任心”。它证实了非正式着装和学历最具影响力的假设。程序说明证明是毫无意义的。结论:我们的研究表明，候选人的穿着方式影响了对其性格特征的评价。参与者认为这位穿着随意的候选人具有政治家应有的特质。

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引用次数: 0

Erratum: Author correction: Relations with parents and identity statuses in the relational domain in emerging adults. 勘误:作者更正:与父母的关系和身份状态在关系领域的新兴成年人。

IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2021-03-30 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.104754

Justyna Michałek

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2016.61757.].

[这更正了文章DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2016.61757.]。

引用次数: 1

Thinking Too Much About the Novel Coronavirus. The Link Between Persistent Thinking About COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 Anxiety and Trauma Effects 对新型冠状病毒想太多了。持续思考COVID-19、SARS-CoV-2焦虑和创伤效应之间的联系

IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2020-05-30 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/p924a

S. Skalski, Patrycja Uram, P. Dobrakowski, A. Kwiatkowska

Background. Earlier reports have shown that anxiety over the novel coronavirus may predict mental functioning during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to assess the links between persistent thinking about COVID-19, anxiety over SARS-CoV-2 and trauma effects. For the purpose of this study, the Polish adaptation of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) was implemented. Participants and procedure. The study involved 356 individuals aged 18–78 (58% females). In addition to OCS, the participants completed the following questionnaires: the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the Short Form of the Changes in Outlook Questionnaire. Results. OCS was characterized by satisfactory psychometric properties (α = .82). Regression analysis indicated that persistent thinking about COVID-19 was associated with increased coronavirus anxiety and negative trauma effects. In addition, anxiety served as a partial mediator in the link between persistent thinking about COVID-19 and negative trauma effects. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that persistent thinking about the pandemic may be dysfunctional for mental health during the spread of the infectious disease.

背景。早些时候的报道表明，对新型冠状病毒的焦虑可能会预测大流行期间的心理功能。这项研究的目的是评估对COVID-19的持续思考、对SARS-CoV-2的焦虑和创伤影响之间的联系。本研究采用波兰版《COVID-19强迫症量表》(OCS)。参与者和程序。这项研究涉及356名年龄在18-78岁之间的人(58%是女性)。除OCS外，参与者还完成了以下问卷:冠状病毒焦虑量表和展望变化问卷简表。结果。OCS具有令人满意的心理测量特性(α = .82)。回归分析表明，持续思考COVID-19与冠状病毒焦虑增加和负面创伤效应有关。此外，焦虑在持续思考COVID-19与负面创伤影响之间的联系中起着部分中介作用。结论。获得的数据表明，在传染病传播期间，持续思考大流行可能会对心理健康产生不良影响。

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引用次数: 20

Autistic traits, adolescence, and anti-social peer pressure 自闭症特征，青春期和反社会同伴压力

IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

Pub Date : 2020-04-08 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2020.94317

Diarmuid Verrier, Sabrina Halton, M. Robinson

Background The potential role of autism as a moderator of conformity has recently been investigated by a small number of studies. However, as yet, no consensus has emerged as to whether autism or autistic traits can moderate the degree to which people attend to and are influenced by social pressure, nor whether there are specific circumstances under which this might occur. The current study adds to this ambiguous literature by looking at whether autism and autistic traits are associated with conformity in the context of adolescent peer pressure. Participants and procedure A sample of 12-16 year old students completed questionnaire measures of peer conformity (e.g., in relation to smoking, skipping school, etc.), resistance to peer influence, and autistic traits. Approximately half had an autism-related diagnosis, and none had an intellectual impairment. Results Controlling for age, gender, and academic ability, we found that degree of autistic traits was associated with reduced peer conformity, while a diagnosis of autism was not. In contrast, neither autism nor autistic traits were related to resistance to peer influence. Conclusions These results are contextualised in terms of past research and positioned within a broader model of individual differences and conformity in which autistic traits moderate the degree to which a person perceives peer influence, while resistance to peer influence moderates the degree to which one conforms to peer influence. Possible future avenues of inquiry are suggested.

背景自闭症作为从众行为的调节者的潜在作用最近被少量的研究所调查。然而，到目前为止，关于自闭症或自闭症特征是否可以缓和人们对社会压力的关注和受社会压力影响的程度，以及是否存在可能发生这种情况的具体情况，还没有达成共识。目前的研究通过观察自闭症和自闭症特征是否与青少年同伴压力背景下的从众行为有关，为这一模棱两可的文献增添了新的内容。参与者和程序一组12-16岁的学生完成了同伴从众(例如，吸烟、逃学等)、抵抗同伴影响和自闭症特征的问卷调查。大约一半的人有自闭症相关的诊断，没有人有智力障碍。结果在控制了年龄、性别和学术能力后，我们发现自闭症特征的程度与同伴从众程度的降低有关，而自闭症的诊断则与之无关。相比之下，自闭症和自闭症特征都与抵抗同伴影响无关。这些结果是根据过去的研究进行背景化的，并定位于一个更广泛的个体差异和从众的模型中，在这个模型中，自闭症特征调节了一个人感知同伴影响的程度，而对同伴影响的抵抗调节了一个人对同伴影响的依从程度。提出了未来可能的调查途径。

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引用次数: 3