Guilherme Moreno Rodrigues de Souza, Anderson Fernandes de Carvalho, Simone Ferreira Santiago, Maria Aparecida M R Pinho, D. Ramadan, S. Tufik, M. Feres
It is estimated that there were 198,840 new cases of breast cancer (BC) in Brazil between 2020 and 2022. Young women who are affected by invasive BC with a triple-negative phenotype generally present more aggressive tumors that are intrinsically resistant to targeted therapies. This study evaluated the phenotypic and histological profile of BC in women up to the age of 40 years. Between 2015 and 2017, we identified 255 women with positive biopsy for carcinoma and with immunohistochemical panel, 51.76% who had a profile for luminal B (n = 132); 22.74% for triple-negative (n = 58). Of the samples, 65.88% presented histology as invasive ductal carcinoma – nonspecial type (n = 168). The results are in accordance with the literature regarding the high prevalence of triple-negative BC in young women and histological type invasive ductal carcinoma – nonspecial type.
{"title":"Main phenotypes and histological types of breast cancer in young women attended at a reference hospital in women’s health in the city of São Paulo","authors":"Guilherme Moreno Rodrigues de Souza, Anderson Fernandes de Carvalho, Simone Ferreira Santiago, Maria Aparecida M R Pinho, D. Ramadan, S. Tufik, M. Feres","doi":"10.2217/BMT-2020-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/BMT-2020-0021","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that there were 198,840 new cases of breast cancer (BC) in Brazil between 2020 and 2022. Young women who are affected by invasive BC with a triple-negative phenotype generally present more aggressive tumors that are intrinsically resistant to targeted therapies. This study evaluated the phenotypic and histological profile of BC in women up to the age of 40 years. Between 2015 and 2017, we identified 255 women with positive biopsy for carcinoma and with immunohistochemical panel, 51.76% who had a profile for luminal B (n = 132); 22.74% for triple-negative (n = 58). Of the samples, 65.88% presented histology as invasive ductal carcinoma – nonspecial type (n = 168). The results are in accordance with the literature regarding the high prevalence of triple-negative BC in young women and histological type invasive ductal carcinoma – nonspecial type.","PeriodicalId":43086,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49298324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Rossi, L. Grillo, F. D. Cesare, E. Saraco, F. Scardamaglia, F. Svegliati, A. Cortese, L. Vigna
Aim: We report a case of a young woman who presented with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer and visceral crisis to asses safety and effectiveness of dual anti-HER2 plus chemotherapy. Patients & methods/materials & methods: At the time of advanced breast cancer diagnosis, the patient presented in scanty clinical condition with severe liver function tests elevation. First-line chemotherapy based on pertuzumab-trastuzumab plus weekly paclitaxel at 50% reduced dose due to liver dysfunction was administered. Results: Improvement and normalization of liver function tests and patient’s clinical condition was recorded in less than 2 months. Computed tomography revealed a partial remission of liver metastasis. Conclusions: Early initiation of standard HER2 target therapies outweigh the risks of toxicities and can be successfully used also in patients with life-threatening liver breast cancer metastasis.
{"title":"How safe is it to administer dual anti-HER2 block with pertuzumab and trastuzumab on a patient with life-threatening liver breast cancer metastasis?","authors":"V. Rossi, L. Grillo, F. D. Cesare, E. Saraco, F. Scardamaglia, F. Svegliati, A. Cortese, L. Vigna","doi":"10.2217/bmt-2020-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/bmt-2020-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: We report a case of a young woman who presented with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer and visceral crisis to asses safety and effectiveness of dual anti-HER2 plus chemotherapy. Patients & methods/materials & methods: At the time of advanced breast cancer diagnosis, the patient presented in scanty clinical condition with severe liver function tests elevation. First-line chemotherapy based on pertuzumab-trastuzumab plus weekly paclitaxel at 50% reduced dose due to liver dysfunction was administered. Results: Improvement and normalization of liver function tests and patient’s clinical condition was recorded in less than 2 months. Computed tomography revealed a partial remission of liver metastasis. Conclusions: Early initiation of standard HER2 target therapies outweigh the risks of toxicities and can be successfully used also in patients with life-threatening liver breast cancer metastasis.","PeriodicalId":43086,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/bmt-2020-0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46897759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current targeted therapies for breast cancer include hormone inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, a significant unmet therapeutic need remains for refractory disease and in particular for the triple negative subtype, which lacks hormone receptors and HER2. Chimeric antigen receptors T cells are genetically engineered to deploy selective cytolytic activity against cells that express cognate native target. Durable remissions have been achieved in refractory hematological malignancies but similar success against solid tumors remains elusive. Several hurdles hinder progress, including the need to identify safe antigens, promote T-cell homing to tumor sites and to ensure the persistence of functional chimeric antigen receptors T cells within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Perspectives to enable the attainment of this goal are presented in this review.
{"title":"Developing a safe and effective CAR T-cell immunotherapy for breast cancer: progress and pitfalls","authors":"Pierre Antoine, J. Maher","doi":"10.2217/bmt-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/bmt-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Current targeted therapies for breast cancer include hormone inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, a significant unmet therapeutic need remains for refractory disease and in particular for the triple negative subtype, which lacks hormone receptors and HER2. Chimeric antigen receptors T cells are genetically engineered to deploy selective cytolytic activity against cells that express cognate native target. Durable remissions have been achieved in refractory hematological malignancies but similar success against solid tumors remains elusive. Several hurdles hinder progress, including the need to identify safe antigens, promote T-cell homing to tumor sites and to ensure the persistence of functional chimeric antigen receptors T cells within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Perspectives to enable the attainment of this goal are presented in this review.","PeriodicalId":43086,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/bmt-2020-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45758202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study aimed at assessing the incidence, epidemiological description and associated risk factors of breast cancer in western Amhara, Ethiopia. Patients & methods: A total of 128 breast cancer patients being treated at Feleget Hiwot Referral Hospital (Bahir Dar, Ethiopia) were subjects of the study. Investigators controlled data quality and employed the ordinal logistic regression model to identify the effect of factors. Results: Of the 128 breast cancer patients under study, 119 (93%) were females. Most of the patients, 67 (52.34%), had advanced stage (IV) cancer that reduced their chance to recover after treatment. Conclusion: Patients who received chemotherapy and surgery for breast cancer were likely to improve than patients who received only chemotherapy. As the stage of breast cancer increased, the likelihood of the patient’s status to be improved decreases. Patients from rural areas, where healthcare services are rarely available, were less likely to recover or improve as compared with those from urban areas.
{"title":"Assessing the incidence, epidemiological description and associated risk factors of breast cancer in western Amhara, Ethiopia","authors":"L. M. Tesfaw, Teshome A Teshale, E. K. Muluneh","doi":"10.2217/bmt-2020-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/bmt-2020-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed at assessing the incidence, epidemiological description and associated risk factors of breast cancer in western Amhara, Ethiopia. Patients & methods: A total of 128 breast cancer patients being treated at Feleget Hiwot Referral Hospital (Bahir Dar, Ethiopia) were subjects of the study. Investigators controlled data quality and employed the ordinal logistic regression model to identify the effect of factors. Results: Of the 128 breast cancer patients under study, 119 (93%) were females. Most of the patients, 67 (52.34%), had advanced stage (IV) cancer that reduced their chance to recover after treatment. Conclusion: Patients who received chemotherapy and surgery for breast cancer were likely to improve than patients who received only chemotherapy. As the stage of breast cancer increased, the likelihood of the patient’s status to be improved decreases. Patients from rural areas, where healthcare services are rarely available, were less likely to recover or improve as compared with those from urban areas.","PeriodicalId":43086,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/bmt-2020-0024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42761317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To evaluate analgesic use and associated conditions in postmenopausal women who had undergone curative breast cancer treatment. Materials & methods: This post hoc analysis used the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial database, which included patient reports of concomitant medications and associated indications during follow-up. Results: Of 3434 women with eligible concomitant medication data, 71.8% reported oral analgesic use. Of 2321 patients using analgesics ≥30 days, 47.9% reported opioid use. Musculoskeletal pain was the most common indication for oral analgesic use. Of patients using opioids, 28.1% reported concomitant laxative use. Conclusion: Approximately half of the patients reported opioid use, most commonly for noncancer (musculoskeletal) pain, suggesting that breast cancer survivors experience chronic pain that should be appropriately managed.
{"title":"Oral analgesic use in postmenopausal women after curative breast cancer treatment: post hoc analysis of the ATAC trial","authors":"C. Datto, P. Johansen, O. Leon-Casasola","doi":"10.2217/bmt-2020-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/bmt-2020-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate analgesic use and associated conditions in postmenopausal women who had undergone curative breast cancer treatment. Materials & methods: This post hoc analysis used the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial database, which included patient reports of concomitant medications and associated indications during follow-up. Results: Of 3434 women with eligible concomitant medication data, 71.8% reported oral analgesic use. Of 2321 patients using analgesics ≥30 days, 47.9% reported opioid use. Musculoskeletal pain was the most common indication for oral analgesic use. Of patients using opioids, 28.1% reported concomitant laxative use. Conclusion: Approximately half of the patients reported opioid use, most commonly for noncancer (musculoskeletal) pain, suggesting that breast cancer survivors experience chronic pain that should be appropriately managed.","PeriodicalId":43086,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46587151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study aims to determine whether a causal relationship exists between circulating sphingomyelins and breast cancer-specific survival, since, if one does, sphingomyelins could be studied as a therapeutic target in the management of breast cancer. Patients/materials & methods: Mendelian randomization is used here to investigate whether higher levels of circulating sphingomyelins impact breast cancer-specific survival for estrogen receptor-negative (ER–) and estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) patients. Results: The results suggest a null effect of sphingomyelins for ER– breast cancer-specific survival and a protective effect for ER+ breast cancer-specific survival. Sensitivity analyses implicate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a potential confounder. Conclusion: Future studies should replicate and triangulate the present findings with other methods and tease out the roles of sphingomyelins and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on breast cancer-specific survival.
{"title":"Circulating sphingomyelins on estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer-specific survival","authors":"Charleen D Adams","doi":"10.2217/bmt-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/bmt-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aims to determine whether a causal relationship exists between circulating sphingomyelins and breast cancer-specific survival, since, if one does, sphingomyelins could be studied as a therapeutic target in the management of breast cancer. Patients/materials & methods: Mendelian randomization is used here to investigate whether higher levels of circulating sphingomyelins impact breast cancer-specific survival for estrogen receptor-negative (ER–) and estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) patients. Results: The results suggest a null effect of sphingomyelins for ER– breast cancer-specific survival and a protective effect for ER+ breast cancer-specific survival. Sensitivity analyses implicate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a potential confounder. Conclusion: Future studies should replicate and triangulate the present findings with other methods and tease out the roles of sphingomyelins and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on breast cancer-specific survival.","PeriodicalId":43086,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45880929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruth Mary Parks, Y. Jauhari, J. Morgan, L. Wyld, K. Cheung
It is estimated that the number of older women living with breast cancer will quadruple by 2040. Despite this, there is a lack of strong evidence and guidelines to support management decisions for this population. This article has evolved from a conference session on this subject, held at the 2020 UK Interdisciplinary Breast Cancer Symposium (UKIBCS; West Midlands, UK, 27–28 January 2020). The UKIBCS is a biennial meeting for all those with an active interest in breast cancer research and treatment, hosted by the charity Breast Cancer Now (London, UK), in collaboration with eight other breast cancer focused specialist societies. In this editorial, we discuss key issues in the management of breast cancer in older women, which include both tumor and patient factors. We also review current national initiatives to tackle these issues and summarize ongoing work in this field.
{"title":"Special issues for older women with primary breast cancer","authors":"Ruth Mary Parks, Y. Jauhari, J. Morgan, L. Wyld, K. Cheung","doi":"10.2217/BMT-2020-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/BMT-2020-0022","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that the number of older women living with breast cancer will quadruple by 2040. Despite this, there is a lack of strong evidence and guidelines to support management decisions for this population. \u0000 \u0000This article has evolved from a conference session on this subject, held at the 2020 UK Interdisciplinary Breast Cancer Symposium (UKIBCS; West Midlands, UK, 27–28 January 2020). The UKIBCS is a biennial meeting for all those with an active interest in breast cancer research and treatment, hosted by the charity Breast Cancer Now (London, UK), in collaboration with eight other breast cancer focused specialist societies. \u0000 \u0000In this editorial, we discuss key issues in the management of breast cancer in older women, which include both tumor and patient factors. We also review current national initiatives to tackle these issues and summarize ongoing work in this field.","PeriodicalId":43086,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41779755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2019, 13,050 young women were diagnosed with pre-invasive or invasive breast cancer in the USA and 1070 women died of their disease. Young women are underrepresented in clinical trials, and treatment for these women less than 40 years old is extrapolated from studies of older women. Young women face unique challenges such as decreased fertility, psychosocial issues and an extended survivorship period that impacts quality of life. Herein, we review breast cancer treatment options in the young patient (women <40 years old). We explore the biologic differences between breast cancer in young versus older patients, review surgical and systemic therapy options and highlight special considerations that are unique in these young patients.
{"title":"Breast cancer in the young patient: review of therapy and treatment considerations","authors":"Preeti Subhedar, S. Mclaughlin","doi":"10.2217/bmt-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/bmt-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, 13,050 young women were diagnosed with pre-invasive or invasive breast cancer in the USA and 1070 women died of their disease. Young women are underrepresented in clinical trials, and treatment for these women less than 40 years old is extrapolated from studies of older women. Young women face unique challenges such as decreased fertility, psychosocial issues and an extended survivorship period that impacts quality of life. Herein, we review breast cancer treatment options in the young patient (women <40 years old). We explore the biologic differences between breast cancer in young versus older patients, review surgical and systemic therapy options and highlight special considerations that are unique in these young patients.","PeriodicalId":43086,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer Management","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/bmt-2020-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41623059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01Epub Date: 2020-04-30DOI: 10.2217/bmt-2020-0005
Igor Makhlin, Angela DeMichele
Given marked improvements in progression free and overall survival in the metastatic setting, along with a favorable toxicity profile, the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i’s) have become standard of care in frontline therapy for hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer (HR+ MBC). Despite initial durable responses, however, virtually all patients with MBC will eventually progress; as such, rigorous studies into the mechanisms of resistance are ongoing, as is an effort to develop rational sequencing strategies and identify subgroups that will retain benefit upon progression. Herein we briefly discuss the grounds for initial experimentation on the CDK pathway and the early successes to which it gave rise. We then focus on what we know about key resistance mechanisms and discuss correlative biomarker studies as a vital strategy for advancing the field of targeted therapy in MBC.
{"title":"On the Rise of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: <i>Progress & Ongoing Challenges</i>.","authors":"Igor Makhlin, Angela DeMichele","doi":"10.2217/bmt-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/bmt-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Given marked improvements in progression free and overall survival in the metastatic setting, along with a favorable toxicity profile, the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i’s) have become standard of care in frontline therapy for hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer (HR+ MBC). Despite initial durable responses, however, virtually all patients with MBC will eventually progress; as such, rigorous studies into the mechanisms of resistance are ongoing, as is an effort to develop rational sequencing strategies and identify subgroups that will retain benefit upon progression. Herein we briefly discuss the grounds for initial experimentation on the CDK pathway and the early successes to which it gave rise. We then focus on what we know about key resistance mechanisms and discuss correlative biomarker studies as a vital strategy for advancing the field of targeted therapy in MBC.","PeriodicalId":43086,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer Management","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/bmt-2020-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39379667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The screening, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are similar in women with or without breast cancer. Breast cancer treatments, such as aromatase inhibitors, chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure and gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists all decrease estrogen levels, which in turn causes net bone resorption and bone loss. Bone loss over time will be of sufficient magnitude to cause some women to experience fractures. Thus, osteoporosis is an equation; the peak bone mass achieved by age 30 years minus the age-related and menopausal bone loss. Women should have their bone density measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry scans every 2 years. As clinically indicated, women should receive anti-osteoporosis drugs such as zoledronic acid, denosumab or oral bisphosphonates.
{"title":"Management of osteoporosis in women with breast cancer","authors":"C. Shapiro","doi":"10.2217/bmt-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/bmt-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The screening, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are similar in women with or without breast cancer. Breast cancer treatments, such as aromatase inhibitors, chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure and gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists all decrease estrogen levels, which in turn causes net bone resorption and bone loss. Bone loss over time will be of sufficient magnitude to cause some women to experience fractures. Thus, osteoporosis is an equation; the peak bone mass achieved by age 30 years minus the age-related and menopausal bone loss. Women should have their bone density measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry scans every 2 years. As clinically indicated, women should receive anti-osteoporosis drugs such as zoledronic acid, denosumab or oral bisphosphonates.","PeriodicalId":43086,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/bmt-2020-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44700468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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