Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117911
Gábor Lukács, T. Bartha
The requirements specification languages are frequently challenged in every domain - including the safety aspects of cognitive mobility. The correct formalization and communication of the expectations related to the systems is a decisively important step (i.e. the intra cognitive mobility aspect of this early design step) because the effects of the mistakes made during the development and analysis of the requirements are magnified in the later phases of the development life cycle. Formal description and modeling of the requirements become even more imperative with the increasing level of automation in transport as there is gradually less human supervision and intervention in case of undesired/erroneous behavior. For this reason, regulations and standards recommend the use of semi-formal and formal requirement description languages during the development of systems. However, it can be difficult for experts of a specific field to use a field-independent, completely formal method, partly due to their lack of necessary background knowledge, and partly because formal descriptions are difficult to read. It is, therefore worthwhile to strive for a compromise, and to develop a formalism that fits the specific field and is a little closer to natural language. This paper presents a possible methodology (transformation process) for developing and applying of such an intermediate language. The constructed intermediate language (we call it ‘restricted textual template’) provides an easy-to-apply, practice-oriented language compared to currently available solutions. We aim to support the work of the transportation engineers who work in the development of industrial control systems.
{"title":"Transformation domain requirements specification into computation tree logic language","authors":"Gábor Lukács, T. Bartha","doi":"10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117911","url":null,"abstract":"The requirements specification languages are frequently challenged in every domain - including the safety aspects of cognitive mobility. The correct formalization and communication of the expectations related to the systems is a decisively important step (i.e. the intra cognitive mobility aspect of this early design step) because the effects of the mistakes made during the development and analysis of the requirements are magnified in the later phases of the development life cycle. Formal description and modeling of the requirements become even more imperative with the increasing level of automation in transport as there is gradually less human supervision and intervention in case of undesired/erroneous behavior. For this reason, regulations and standards recommend the use of semi-formal and formal requirement description languages during the development of systems. However, it can be difficult for experts of a specific field to use a field-independent, completely formal method, partly due to their lack of necessary background knowledge, and partly because formal descriptions are difficult to read. It is, therefore worthwhile to strive for a compromise, and to develop a formalism that fits the specific field and is a little closer to natural language. This paper presents a possible methodology (transformation process) for developing and applying of such an intermediate language. The constructed intermediate language (we call it ‘restricted textual template’) provides an easy-to-apply, practice-oriented language compared to currently available solutions. We aim to support the work of the transportation engineers who work in the development of industrial control systems.","PeriodicalId":430975,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cognitive Mobility (CogMob)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114364422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118227
Z. Pethö, Tamás Márton Kazár, Roland Kraudy, Z. Szalay, Á. Török
In this research, we examine the impact of PKI on vehicle safety and thus make suggestions for further improvements to V2X-based safety application design processes. In the first step, we introduce the novel methodological background of characterizing the safety impact of the network performance metrics on the V2X-based automotive applications. Following this, we investigated two cases: with and without Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) authorization, to identify the potential safety effect if the V2X device is unprepared for the additional computational overhead caused by the authentication framework-related processes. Based on our results, we can identify the operational domain of a specific V2X-based application that can be used safely.
{"title":"Considering PKI safety impact on network performance during V2X-based AD/ADAS function development processes","authors":"Z. Pethö, Tamás Márton Kazár, Roland Kraudy, Z. Szalay, Á. Török","doi":"10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118227","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we examine the impact of PKI on vehicle safety and thus make suggestions for further improvements to V2X-based safety application design processes. In the first step, we introduce the novel methodological background of characterizing the safety impact of the network performance metrics on the V2X-based automotive applications. Following this, we investigated two cases: with and without Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) authorization, to identify the potential safety effect if the V2X device is unprepared for the additional computational overhead caused by the authentication framework-related processes. Based on our results, we can identify the operational domain of a specific V2X-based application that can be used safely.","PeriodicalId":430975,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cognitive Mobility (CogMob)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132841277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118297
Mera Saulaiman, M. Kozlovszky, Anna Bánáti, Á. Csilling
Attack graph is a commonly used methodology in IT security to represent all paths in the system that can lead to a successful attack. It is used to visually represent and automatically analyze security vulnerabilities in the system, as well as to analyze potential defense strategies. Nevertheless, attack graphs are not widely used in the automotive domain. Cognitive mobility systems rely on autonomous decision making by its participants. In order to enable trust in vehicles to make correct decisions, we must ensure that they are immune to failure and malicious manipulation. This trust requires a high level of safety and security. For a smart car, with multiple external connections, the complexity of the attack surface increases dramatically. Ensuring the security of the vehicle depends on a large number of interrelated factors. Thus we need methods, tools and know-how for evaluating the security postures of vehicles. The new ISO/SAE 21434 standard specifies the technical requirements for cyber-security management of road vehicles. It defines the Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment (TARA) for the analysis and assessment of cyber-security risks to a given automotive system. We propose a generic model to automate the attack path generation and analysis in the TARA. We also discuss several use cases for this model, including the enumeration of possible attack paths, the automatic evaluation of the feasibility and risk of each path, and the construction of a defence graph to ensure the security of the system.
{"title":"Use Cases of Attack Graph in Threat Analysis And Risk Assessment for The Automotive Domain","authors":"Mera Saulaiman, M. Kozlovszky, Anna Bánáti, Á. Csilling","doi":"10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118297","url":null,"abstract":"Attack graph is a commonly used methodology in IT security to represent all paths in the system that can lead to a successful attack. It is used to visually represent and automatically analyze security vulnerabilities in the system, as well as to analyze potential defense strategies. Nevertheless, attack graphs are not widely used in the automotive domain. Cognitive mobility systems rely on autonomous decision making by its participants. In order to enable trust in vehicles to make correct decisions, we must ensure that they are immune to failure and malicious manipulation. This trust requires a high level of safety and security. For a smart car, with multiple external connections, the complexity of the attack surface increases dramatically. Ensuring the security of the vehicle depends on a large number of interrelated factors. Thus we need methods, tools and know-how for evaluating the security postures of vehicles. The new ISO/SAE 21434 standard specifies the technical requirements for cyber-security management of road vehicles. It defines the Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment (TARA) for the analysis and assessment of cyber-security risks to a given automotive system. We propose a generic model to automate the attack path generation and analysis in the TARA. We also discuss several use cases for this model, including the enumeration of possible attack paths, the automatic evaluation of the feasibility and risk of each path, and the construction of a defence graph to ensure the security of the system.","PeriodicalId":430975,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cognitive Mobility (CogMob)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121433939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117843
Á. Tóth, Á. Szabó
Lubricants play a critical role in the energy losses of an engine. Several engineering solutions are existing to reduce the frictional and wear losses caused by the lubricant such as ultra-low-viscosity lubricants. With the spread of low-viscosity engine oils like 0W-20 and below, the importance of tribological lubricant additives is increasing. To ensure the necessary protection of the rubbing surfaces against friction and wear, new lubricant additive materials should be researched and investigated. Next to the tribological performance of the additives, their impact on the price is a strong influencing factor. No financial information of the investigated additive materials is available in the current scientific articles and so no rentable decision can be defined which additive worth to invest as an engine oil additive in the future mass production engine oils. This article presents the tribological potential of selected nanoscale ceramic particles (zirconia, cupric oxide and yttria) as lubricant additives and compares them according to their financial impact. According to the results it can be stated that not always the additive with the best tribological properties will be the one be used in mass production manufactured lubricants.
{"title":"Applicability of nanoscale ceramic particles as tribological lubricant additives","authors":"Á. Tóth, Á. Szabó","doi":"10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117843","url":null,"abstract":"Lubricants play a critical role in the energy losses of an engine. Several engineering solutions are existing to reduce the frictional and wear losses caused by the lubricant such as ultra-low-viscosity lubricants. With the spread of low-viscosity engine oils like 0W-20 and below, the importance of tribological lubricant additives is increasing. To ensure the necessary protection of the rubbing surfaces against friction and wear, new lubricant additive materials should be researched and investigated. Next to the tribological performance of the additives, their impact on the price is a strong influencing factor. No financial information of the investigated additive materials is available in the current scientific articles and so no rentable decision can be defined which additive worth to invest as an engine oil additive in the future mass production engine oils. This article presents the tribological potential of selected nanoscale ceramic particles (zirconia, cupric oxide and yttria) as lubricant additives and compares them according to their financial impact. According to the results it can be stated that not always the additive with the best tribological properties will be the one be used in mass production manufactured lubricants.","PeriodicalId":430975,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cognitive Mobility (CogMob)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129195921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118242
J. Répás, Miklós Schmidt, Lajos Berek
This paper presents how we performed a vehicle data download using special target hardware and forensic expert software. In addition, the process of analyzing extracted data and the conclusions drawn based on the data regarding both the available data and the test procedure are demonstrated, taking into account the increasingly wide range of data found in modern vehicles, as well as the continuous development of self-driving vehicles.
{"title":"Downloading modern vehicles data for Forensics examination - A case study","authors":"J. Répás, Miklós Schmidt, Lajos Berek","doi":"10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118242","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents how we performed a vehicle data download using special target hardware and forensic expert software. In addition, the process of analyzing extracted data and the conclusions drawn based on the data regarding both the available data and the test procedure are demonstrated, taking into account the increasingly wide range of data found in modern vehicles, as well as the continuous development of self-driving vehicles.","PeriodicalId":430975,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cognitive Mobility (CogMob)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115658942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118307
B. Tóth, J. Tóth, Andras I. Lakatos, K. Turoń
Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) services are widely available forms of transport around the world. They are alternatives to public transport systems and the increasingly popular shared mobility systems. Along with their development, various types of solutions that could improve them are searched for. One of the innovative forms of improving DRT systems is the implementation of autonomous vehicle fleet systems. Then this type of connection can take the form of an autonomous car-sharing. Such vehicles with DRT systems are currently not available in Europe and are only used in selected insulated conditions worldwide. Noting a research gap in the field of models representing the detailed process of DRT systems operation with the use of autonomous vehicles, we proposed our own demand-responsive shuttle bus system model that can be implemented in ZalaZONE proving ground in Hungary. The model was presented in the form of a diagram, which is analyzed successively in the article. What is more the article identifying challenges of applying low-speed self-driving (trajectory tracking) minibuses in DRT and the preliminary tasks to be completed in order to prepare for the future introduction of such a service. Specific parameters, conditions and possibilities for vehicle and operation options (for DRT) are explored by taking a systematic process-oriented approach. As a result, system connections are identified and the condition system for setting up such a service is analyzed.
{"title":"Innovative complex-system-based cooperation between demand responsive transport services, shared mobility and autonomous bus services","authors":"B. Tóth, J. Tóth, Andras I. Lakatos, K. Turoń","doi":"10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118307","url":null,"abstract":"Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) services are widely available forms of transport around the world. They are alternatives to public transport systems and the increasingly popular shared mobility systems. Along with their development, various types of solutions that could improve them are searched for. One of the innovative forms of improving DRT systems is the implementation of autonomous vehicle fleet systems. Then this type of connection can take the form of an autonomous car-sharing. Such vehicles with DRT systems are currently not available in Europe and are only used in selected insulated conditions worldwide. Noting a research gap in the field of models representing the detailed process of DRT systems operation with the use of autonomous vehicles, we proposed our own demand-responsive shuttle bus system model that can be implemented in ZalaZONE proving ground in Hungary. The model was presented in the form of a diagram, which is analyzed successively in the article. What is more the article identifying challenges of applying low-speed self-driving (trajectory tracking) minibuses in DRT and the preliminary tasks to be completed in order to prepare for the future introduction of such a service. Specific parameters, conditions and possibilities for vehicle and operation options (for DRT) are explored by taking a systematic process-oriented approach. As a result, system connections are identified and the condition system for setting up such a service is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":430975,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cognitive Mobility (CogMob)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131952538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117798
A. Nagy, Z. Tabakov, A. Agocs
The physical and chemical condition of a lubricant plays a vital role in the long-term operability of engineering systems. Hence, oil condition monitoring of high-value and heavy-duty equipment is a common practice across numerous industries. However, this practice is not utilized on a regular basis for passenger cars, and car fleets. For general automotive purposes, a simpler time and mileage-based approach is favored. This approach employs fixed oil change intervals, that are based on average usage, with more recently produced vehicles only slightly modifying these intervals by monitoring oil temperatures over time. With rising environmental concerns and increasing focus on systemic approaches, reducing waste production is gaining importance. Being aware of lubricant condition opens up the opportunity to optimized, condition-based oil changes, that can help reduce waste by elongating the service life of engine oils. This study presents a methodology of processing FT-IR data that allows for a simplified decision making regarding the prolonged applicability of used engine oil. The presented method can be implemented as a step of planned maintenance during scheduled service at a repair shop, as well as a regular investigation by fleet operators.
{"title":"Processing FT-IR data for facilitated oil condition monitoring","authors":"A. Nagy, Z. Tabakov, A. Agocs","doi":"10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117798","url":null,"abstract":"The physical and chemical condition of a lubricant plays a vital role in the long-term operability of engineering systems. Hence, oil condition monitoring of high-value and heavy-duty equipment is a common practice across numerous industries. However, this practice is not utilized on a regular basis for passenger cars, and car fleets. For general automotive purposes, a simpler time and mileage-based approach is favored. This approach employs fixed oil change intervals, that are based on average usage, with more recently produced vehicles only slightly modifying these intervals by monitoring oil temperatures over time. With rising environmental concerns and increasing focus on systemic approaches, reducing waste production is gaining importance. Being aware of lubricant condition opens up the opportunity to optimized, condition-based oil changes, that can help reduce waste by elongating the service life of engine oils. This study presents a methodology of processing FT-IR data that allows for a simplified decision making regarding the prolonged applicability of used engine oil. The presented method can be implemented as a step of planned maintenance during scheduled service at a repair shop, as well as a regular investigation by fleet operators.","PeriodicalId":430975,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cognitive Mobility (CogMob)","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121330832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118216
Á. Nyerges
The key step of Diesel engine development is to keep low the emission and fuel consumption altogether, while the formation of some harmful emissions is counterproductive. Due to its complexity, turbocharged Diesel engines with low and high pressure exhaust gas recirculation systems give us a controlling challenge, where determining the recirculated exhaust gas mass flow rate is always an issue. This paper presents an experiment-based method for estimating the recirculated exhaust gas mass flow rate both in the high and the low pressure system. The estimated exhaust gas mass flow rates are function of the mean piston speed, the brake mean effective pressure, the exhaust gas recirculation valves and the exhaust brakes. In this case, the task of the exhaust brakes is to increase the recirculated exhaust gas mass flow rate. The paper presents the measurement-based characteristics of the mass flow rates in function of the inputs. Then the applied formulas are shown for steady state estimation. Finally, the comparison between the measurement-based estimation and the new method proves its suitability. The paper also gives the parameter values for testing the method in other engines. In further research the outcome will be used in a two-state composition-based mean-value engine model.
{"title":"Dual loop EGR mass flow rate estimation","authors":"Á. Nyerges","doi":"10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118216","url":null,"abstract":"The key step of Diesel engine development is to keep low the emission and fuel consumption altogether, while the formation of some harmful emissions is counterproductive. Due to its complexity, turbocharged Diesel engines with low and high pressure exhaust gas recirculation systems give us a controlling challenge, where determining the recirculated exhaust gas mass flow rate is always an issue. This paper presents an experiment-based method for estimating the recirculated exhaust gas mass flow rate both in the high and the low pressure system. The estimated exhaust gas mass flow rates are function of the mean piston speed, the brake mean effective pressure, the exhaust gas recirculation valves and the exhaust brakes. In this case, the task of the exhaust brakes is to increase the recirculated exhaust gas mass flow rate. The paper presents the measurement-based characteristics of the mass flow rates in function of the inputs. Then the applied formulas are shown for steady state estimation. Finally, the comparison between the measurement-based estimation and the new method proves its suitability. The paper also gives the parameter values for testing the method in other engines. In further research the outcome will be used in a two-state composition-based mean-value engine model.","PeriodicalId":430975,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cognitive Mobility (CogMob)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134526114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118046
Attila Geleta, Tibor Vajsz, C. Horváth
The three-phase voltage source inverter is one of the most important components of electric vehicle (EV) drive systems. Nowadays, an interesting transition can be observed in the type of the power switches used in the inverters. Formerly, only silicon-based insulated gate bipolar transistors (Si IGBTs) were used as power switches. Currently, these are increasingly replaced by wide-bandgap-material based power switches, like the silicon-carbide-based (SiC) power transistors and the gallium-nitride-based (GaN) power transistors. These devices make it possible to overcome several limitations of Si IGBTs and to optimize the efficiency of EV drive systems, thus resulting in increased drive cycle efficiency and increased drive range. However, these devices also have some drawbacks compared to Si IGBTs, which make the transition from Si IGBTs to these new devices slower. This paper investigates the different types of power switches that can be used in EV inverters from several aspects. In addition to the technical- and the safety aspects, including lifetime, reliability and the possible modes of failure, other aspects like costs, market needs, and market availability are taken into account as well. A deep study of these aspects is carried out, and based on that, an analysis is made for the expected future trend for the power switches of EV inverters. Conclusions are made based on the detailed analysis.
{"title":"An analysis of the power transistors of electric vehicle inverters: present and the future trends","authors":"Attila Geleta, Tibor Vajsz, C. Horváth","doi":"10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10118046","url":null,"abstract":"The three-phase voltage source inverter is one of the most important components of electric vehicle (EV) drive systems. Nowadays, an interesting transition can be observed in the type of the power switches used in the inverters. Formerly, only silicon-based insulated gate bipolar transistors (Si IGBTs) were used as power switches. Currently, these are increasingly replaced by wide-bandgap-material based power switches, like the silicon-carbide-based (SiC) power transistors and the gallium-nitride-based (GaN) power transistors. These devices make it possible to overcome several limitations of Si IGBTs and to optimize the efficiency of EV drive systems, thus resulting in increased drive cycle efficiency and increased drive range. However, these devices also have some drawbacks compared to Si IGBTs, which make the transition from Si IGBTs to these new devices slower. This paper investigates the different types of power switches that can be used in EV inverters from several aspects. In addition to the technical- and the safety aspects, including lifetime, reliability and the possible modes of failure, other aspects like costs, market needs, and market availability are taken into account as well. A deep study of these aspects is carried out, and based on that, an analysis is made for the expected future trend for the power switches of EV inverters. Conclusions are made based on the detailed analysis.","PeriodicalId":430975,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cognitive Mobility (CogMob)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123699442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117757
J. Répás, Lajos Berek, Miklós Schmidt
The application of autonomous vehicles is wide: they are used in industry, logistics, transport, user, etc. The use of self-driving vehicles will have a direct impact on road accidents and violations of rules, therefore it is inevitable to determine liability in case of an accident, and it automatically requires available data on vehicles and infrastructure elements, data extraction tools and methodology. The purpose of vehicle-related forensic investigations is to determine what, when, where, under what circumstances occurred and who was involved, whether liability related to the incident can be determined. These standard practices cannot be applied in case of the autonomous vehicles, due to their specific operation. In order to be able to conduct the investigations and continuously develop the system, a timely collection of evidences may be essential. As technology advances and the range of tools grows, the efficiency of existing forensics solutions needs to be examined. Forensics test methods related to autonomous and cooperative transport systems can be derived from the forensic test methodology and its “digital forensic” branch. On the other hand, they can include completely new elements due to the specialties of the field requiring different preparedness and tools (e.g., engine control electronics vulnerabilities, car manufacturer-specific data storage solutions, custom operating systems). The research in this study summarizes the past and current forensics solutions, examining their applicability to autonomous vehicles.
{"title":"Autonomous Vehicles Forensics-The next step of the Digital Vehicles Forensics","authors":"J. Répás, Lajos Berek, Miklós Schmidt","doi":"10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117757","url":null,"abstract":"The application of autonomous vehicles is wide: they are used in industry, logistics, transport, user, etc. The use of self-driving vehicles will have a direct impact on road accidents and violations of rules, therefore it is inevitable to determine liability in case of an accident, and it automatically requires available data on vehicles and infrastructure elements, data extraction tools and methodology. The purpose of vehicle-related forensic investigations is to determine what, when, where, under what circumstances occurred and who was involved, whether liability related to the incident can be determined. These standard practices cannot be applied in case of the autonomous vehicles, due to their specific operation. In order to be able to conduct the investigations and continuously develop the system, a timely collection of evidences may be essential. As technology advances and the range of tools grows, the efficiency of existing forensics solutions needs to be examined. Forensics test methods related to autonomous and cooperative transport systems can be derived from the forensic test methodology and its “digital forensic” branch. On the other hand, they can include completely new elements due to the specialties of the field requiring different preparedness and tools (e.g., engine control electronics vulnerabilities, car manufacturer-specific data storage solutions, custom operating systems). The research in this study summarizes the past and current forensics solutions, examining their applicability to autonomous vehicles.","PeriodicalId":430975,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cognitive Mobility (CogMob)","volume":"98 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133894408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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