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Harald Ingholt's Twentieth-century Archive of Palmyrene Sculptures: "Unleashing" Archived Archaeological Material of Modern Conflict Zones Harald Ingholt的二十世纪帕尔米拉雕塑档案:“释放”现代冲突地区的存档考古材料
IF 0.5 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.10.1.0074
Olympia Bobou, Amy C. Miranda, R. Raja
abstract:Archival material can shape the future of archaeological research and cultural heritage preservation, but it must be made accessible to the academic community and general public. This is especially true for conflict zones, as archives of various kinds are often all that remains as a record of sites and monuments. Palmyra, Syria, is important for understanding the ancient world and modern global cultural heritage; however, it has been destroyed by conflict, thus making archival material crucial to the site's future. By fully publishing the archive of Palmyrene sculpture compiled by the Danish archaeologist Harald Ingholt, researchers, adhering to the FAIR principles, set an example of best practice that includes holistic publication of archaeological projects both in print and digitally to make the data accessible to a wide audience. In this article, Palmyra's Tomb of Maqqai serves as a case study to demonstrate some of the potentials of open-data publication.
摘要:档案材料可以塑造考古研究和文化遗产保护的未来,但它必须向学术界和公众开放。冲突地区尤其如此,因为各种档案往往是保存下来的所有遗址和纪念碑记录。叙利亚的巴尔米拉是了解古代世界和现代全球文化遗产的重要场所;然而,它已被冲突摧毁,因此档案材料对该遗址的未来至关重要。通过全面发布由丹麦考古学家Harald Ingholt编辑的帕尔米拉雕塑档案,研究人员遵循FAIR原则,树立了最佳实践的榜样,包括以印刷和数字方式全面出版考古项目,使广大受众可以访问数据。本文以巴尔米拉的马凯墓为例,展示了开放数据出版的一些潜力。
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引用次数: 1
The Imperial Cult Meets Judaism: The Stepped Pools Adjacent to the Augusteum at Samaria-Sebaste 帝国崇拜与犹太教相遇:撒玛利亚-赛巴斯特奥古斯都神庙附近的阶梯式水池
IF 0.5 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.9.4.0395
Y. Adler
abstract:Excavations conducted in the first half of the twentieth century at Samaria-Sebaste uncovered an Augusteum, surrounded by additional Roman-period structures. A compelling hypothesis is that these buildings served as a royal compound belonging to Herod himself, although until now archaeological remains connecting the structures specifically to Herod have been lacking. Here I will examine the function and historical significance of eight stepped pools discovered throughout this compound. I will argue that these pools should be regarded as Jewish ritual immersion pools that date to the time of Herod the Great or his successors. This suggestion will lead us to explore the obvious question: How could Jewish ritual baths have coexisted in such close quarters with a pagan temple? I will suggest that this ostensibly surprising juxtaposition of ritual structures has much to teach us about the pervasiveness and tenacity of Jewish adherence to Torah Law at this time.
20世纪上半叶在撒玛利亚-塞巴斯特进行的发掘发现了一座奥古斯都庙,周围环绕着其他罗马时期的建筑。一个令人信服的假设是,这些建筑是希律王本人的皇家大院,尽管直到现在还没有将这些建筑专门与希律王联系起来的考古遗迹。在这里,我将研究整个建筑群中发现的八个阶梯式水池的功能和历史意义。我认为,这些水池应该被视为犹太人的仪式浸泡池,可以追溯到希律大帝或他的继任者的时代。这一建议将引导我们探索一个显而易见的问题:犹太人的仪式浴场如何能与异教寺庙在如此近的地方共存?我想说的是,这种仪式结构表面上令人惊讶的并置,告诉了我们很多关于当时犹太人对Torah律法的普遍和坚持。
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引用次数: 0
Hidden Mediterranean History/Histories: The Church of the Panagia tou Potamou in Kazafani (Ozanköy), Cyprus 隐藏的地中海历史/历史:塞浦路斯Kazafani的Panagia tou Potamou教堂(Ozanköy)
IF 0.5 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.9.4.0336
Thomas Kaffenberger, Manuela Studer-Karlen, M. Walsh, Werner Schmid
abstract:The following article approaches a historic monument on the island of Cyprus, the sixteenth-century Panagia tou Potamou church, with an interdisciplinary methodology. An in-depth study of its history, architecture, and paintings leads to a new evaluation of the church’s value for Cypriot and Mediterranean research. The church has proven to be a space for burial and private memory of a sixteenth-century semirural community, reflected in the staging of a prominent burial and the iconographic topics underlining ideas of intercession and salvation. Ultimately, this enables an enhanced appreciation of “minor monuments” in general. The other angle of approach concerns heritage questions: in precarious state for most of the twentieth century, particularly the wall paintings are in urgent need of restoration. In 2015– 2017, an emergency intervention secured the most fragile parts and evaluated the state of the church, proposing future ways to ensure the survival of this monument.
以下文章采用跨学科的方法来研究塞浦路斯岛上的一座历史遗迹——16世纪的Panagia tou Potamou教堂。对其历史,建筑和绘画的深入研究导致了教堂对塞浦路斯和地中海研究价值的新评估。教堂已被证明是16世纪半农村社区的埋葬和私人记忆空间,这反映在一个突出的葬礼的舞台和强调代祷和救赎思想的肖像主题上。最终,这使得人们对“小纪念碑”的欣赏程度得到了提高。另一个角度涉及遗产问题:在20世纪的大部分时间里,处于岌岌可危的状态,特别是壁画急需修复。2015年至2017年,紧急干预保护了最脆弱的部分,并评估了教堂的状况,提出了未来确保这座纪念碑生存的方法。
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引用次数: 3
Microhistory in Archaeology and its Contribution to the Archaeological Research: The Burial from “The Cave of the Warrior” as a Test Case 考古学中的微观历史及其对考古研究的贡献——以“勇士洞”的墓葬为例
IF 0.5 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.9.4.0376
Hai Ashkenazi, D. Langgut, S. Lev-Yadun, Ehud Weiss, Nili Liphschitz (z”l), G. K. Bar-Gal, Y. Goren
abstract:The unique “Cave of the Warrior” burial, found in a Judean Desert cave and dated to the end of the Chalcolithic period, was accompanied by a large number of grave goods made of perishable materials. It opens up an unusual opportunity to recover aspects of the life of an individual person. Based on a reexamination of his personal belongings, we created a microhistory of this individual. We show how a careful analysis of a single-event site contributes to the interpretation and definition of the archaeological record and periodization. The individual most probably originated in the Judean or Samarian Highlands from a settlement whose inhabitants practiced a mixed Mediterranean economy. The individual himself practiced pastoralism and traveled between the highlands and the desert. The remote location and unique burial may be seen as reflective of stresses related to demographic and economic changes occurring at the end of the Chalcolithic period.
在朱迪亚沙漠洞穴中发现的独特的“勇士洞穴”墓葬可以追溯到铜石器时代末期,伴随着大量由易腐烂材料制成的墓葬。它提供了一个不寻常的机会来恢复个人生活的各个方面。基于对他个人物品的重新检查,我们创造了这个人的微观历史。我们展示了对单一事件遗址的仔细分析如何有助于解释和定义考古记录和分期。个体最有可能起源于犹太或撒玛利亚高地的一个定居点,那里的居民实行混合的地中海经济。这个人自己从事畜牧业,在高原和沙漠之间旅行。偏远的地点和独特的埋葬方式可能被视为反映了铜石器时代末期发生的人口和经济变化所带来的压力。
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引用次数: 1
“Ruined Cities in Cyprus”: How a Three-Hundred-Word Letter Kick-Started the Preservation of Cyprus’s Medieval Structures “塞浦路斯的废墟城市”:一封三百字的信如何启动了塞浦路斯中世纪建筑的保护
IF 0.5 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.9.4.0313
Danai Konstantinidou
abstract:At the eve of the twentieth century, Cyprus’s British administration perceived the island’s medieval structures from a utilitarian point of view; their premises were put to new uses, their stones were removed and reused in new constructions. A mere six years later, selected medieval structures were declared monuments under the then-enacted 1905 Antiquities Law. This article investigates this radical shift and seeks to establish the seminal role of an anonymous letter sent to the Times in December 1899 . It argues that these 300 words against the alleged demolition of Famagusta’s medieval walls by the British Colonial Office initiated the first steps toward the preservation of medieval structures not only within the town but across the island. Ultimately it seeks to establish that the actions of this six-year period, a response to the letter’s allegations, marked the beginning of a process that shaped Cyprus’s medieval monuments as we appreciate them today.
在20世纪前夕,塞浦路斯的英国政府从功利主义的角度看待该岛的中世纪结构;他们的房屋有了新的用途,他们的石头被移走,重新用于新的建筑。仅仅六年后,根据当时颁布的1905年《古物法》,选定的中世纪建筑被宣布为古迹。本文调查了这一激进的转变,并试图确立1899年12月寄给《纽约时报》的一封匿名信的开创性作用。它认为,这300字反对英国殖民办公室拆除法马古斯塔中世纪城墙的指控,不仅在镇上,而且在整个岛上,开创了保护中世纪建筑的第一步。最后,它试图证明,这六年期间的行动是对信中指控的回应,标志着一个进程的开始,这个进程塑造了我们今天所欣赏的塞浦路斯中世纪纪念碑。
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引用次数: 1
The Hubris of Founding a New City: Sargon II and the Creation of Dur-Sharruken 建立一个新城市的傲慢:萨尔贡二世和杜尔-沙鲁克的创造
IF 0.5 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.9.3.0210
D. Kertai
abstract:During the more than 700 years from ca. 1350 BCE on when Assyria’s kings ruled at the behest of the god Ashur, the urban core of Assyria was located in the north of modern-day Iraq. During this long period the royal court only moved to a new city a few times. Newness, however, is a complicated and seemingly problematic concept in Assyria, where it was generally believed that the main cities had been provided with their rightful and inalterable place when the gods created civilization. Dur-Sharruken, the city founded during the reign of King Sargon II (722–705 BCE), is often highlighted as the exceptional and even problematic new foundation in modern scholarship. This article reassesses the arguments made in both modern scholarship and in the royal inscriptions of Assyria about the creation of new capitals and the place of Dur-Sharruken within the history of Assyrian urban foundations.
从公元前1350年亚述国王奉阿舒尔神之命统治开始的700多年里,亚述的城市核心位于今天的伊拉克北部。在这段漫长的时期里,王室只搬到一个新城市几次。然而,在亚述,新颖性是一个复杂且似乎有问题的概念,在那里,人们普遍认为,当神创造文明时,主要城市已经被赋予了它们应有的和不可改变的地位。杜尔-沙鲁肯是国王萨尔贡二世(公元前722-705年)统治时期建立的城市,经常被强调为现代学术的特殊甚至有问题的新基础。本文重新评估了现代学术和亚述王室铭文中关于新首都的创建和杜尔-沙鲁克在亚述城市基础历史中的位置的论点。
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引用次数: 0
Imperial Architecture and Identity: An Introduction 帝国建筑与身份:导论
IF 0.5 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.9.3.0205
Marta Lorenzon, R. Bonnie
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引用次数: 0
From Architectural Analysis to Architectural Theory: City Gates as Public Spaces in Syro-Anatolian Urban Centers 从建筑分析到建筑理论:城门作为叙利亚-安纳托利亚城市中心的公共空间
IF 0.5 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.9.3.0225
Marta Lorenzon
abstract:Elite and imperial architecture is usually associated with public buildings, as these structures are the more accurately designed reflection of empires’ intentions to forge identities and craft narratives through the creation and use of public spaces. In the Middle East, the urban built environment of the Iron Age is characterized by a lack of stereotypical public spaces, creating a challenge for historians and archaeologists who study architecture to determine the sociocultural impact of public buildings on communities. Thus, materiality and morphology become two important architectural features to assess architectural ontology and to understand the complex community relationship with architecture. This contribution focuses on investigating public space in the Syro-Anatolian urban centers as a concrete example of community engagement with public architecture to forge and maintain identities.
精英和帝国建筑通常与公共建筑联系在一起,因为这些建筑的设计更准确地反映了帝国通过创造和使用公共空间来塑造身份和工艺叙事的意图。在中东,铁器时代的城市建筑环境的特点是缺乏刻板的公共空间,这对研究建筑的历史学家和考古学家来说是一个挑战,他们需要确定公共建筑对社区的社会文化影响。因此,物质性和形态学成为评估建筑本体和理解建筑与复杂社区关系的两个重要建筑特征。这一贡献的重点是调查叙利亚-安纳托利亚城市中心的公共空间,作为社区参与公共建筑以形成和维护身份的具体例子。
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引用次数: 0
A Sustained Presence: Synagogue Buildings in Galilee during the Early Islamic Period and Later 持续存在:早期伊斯兰时期和后期加利利的犹太教堂建筑
IF 0.5 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.9.3.0278
R. Bonnie
abstract:The majority of archaeological studies on late antique monumental synagogues focus their discussion on the origin and production of these buildings, their decoration, and their use. How these buildings were used, experienced, and remembered in subsequent periods remains little explored. Following a building-biography approach, this article aims to explore how the building remains of synagogues in Galilee persisted into the early Islamic period and beyond, and what the physical state of these monuments and the small finds found within them tell us about how later communities used, viewed, and remembered these spaces. The article explores the remains of several synagogue sites in eastern Galilee using archaeological data, medieval Muslim and Jewish traveler accounts, and early modern depictions of ruins.
对古代晚期纪念性犹太教堂的大多数考古研究都集中在这些建筑的起源和生产、装饰和用途上。这些建筑在后来的时期是如何被使用、体验和记忆的,仍然很少被探索。遵循建筑传记的方法,本文旨在探索加利利犹太教堂的建筑遗迹如何持续到早期伊斯兰时期及以后,以及这些纪念碑的物理状态和在其中发现的小发现告诉我们后来的社区如何使用、观察和记忆这些空间。本文利用考古资料、中世纪穆斯林和犹太旅行者的记录以及早期现代对废墟的描述,探索了东加利利几个犹太教堂遗址的遗迹。
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引用次数: 0
The Arab Village of Qālūnyā: An Archaeological, Historical, and Social Synthesis of the Twentieth-Century Village 阿拉伯村庄Qālūnyā: 20世纪村庄的考古、历史和社会综合
IF 0.5 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.5325/JEASMEDARCHERSTU.9.1-2.0064
Shua Kisilevitz, A. Eirikh-Rose, Anna de Vincenz, Assaf Peretz, Nitzan Amitai-Preiss, Ido Wachtel
abstract:Salvage excavations on a slope near Jerusalem revealed parts of five buildings and many artifacts belonging to the Arab village of Qālūnyā, situated on the slope until its demise in 1948 and subsequent demolishing. The synchronization and synthesis of the archaeological finds with historical sources, such as landholding surveys, census registrations, maps, military reports, photographs, travelers' accounts, and memoirs written by local inhabitants and their descendants, together with the implementation of georeferencing tools, provide an opportunity to reconstruct a spatial outline of the village and to attribute sociopolitical and personal aspects to the inhabitants of the buildings that were found during the excavation.
在耶路撒冷附近的一个斜坡上进行的打捞挖掘发现了五座建筑物的一部分和许多属于Qālūnyā阿拉伯村庄的文物,该村庄位于斜坡上,直到1948年灭亡并随后被拆除。将考古发现与历史资料,如土地持有调查、人口普查登记、地图、军事报告、照片、旅行者的叙述和当地居民及其后代所写的回忆录,同步和综合起来,同时实施地理参考工具,提供了一个重建村庄空间轮廓的机会,并将社会政治和个人方面归因于挖掘过程中发现的建筑物的居民。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies
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