Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.20899/jpna.8.3.302-322
Yongbeom Hur
This study explores what aspects of workplace characteristics have more effects on turnover intention among female employees. Unlike extant turnover studies that focused on the effects of a few selected contextual factors, this study takes a comprehensive review of workplace contextual factors and analyzes the effect of each contextual factor on female employees’ turnover intention. According to the findings, female employees’ turnover intention was differently affected by most workplace contextual factors, compared to male employees’ turnover intention. OLS regression analyses showed that female employees’ turnover intention was most affected by the ‘opportunities for growth and development’ factor and least affected by the ‘feeling valued and trusted’ factor and the ‘coworker support and the spirit of camaraderie’ factor. The results can help to develop proper human resource management policies and practices for female employees and avoid unwanted voluntary turnover.
{"title":"Exploring Effective Ways to Reduce Turnover Intention Among Female Employees: The Case of U.S. Federal Employees","authors":"Yongbeom Hur","doi":"10.20899/jpna.8.3.302-322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.8.3.302-322","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores what aspects of workplace characteristics have more effects on turnover intention among female employees. Unlike extant turnover studies that focused on the effects of a few selected contextual factors, this study takes a comprehensive review of workplace contextual factors and analyzes the effect of each contextual factor on female employees’ turnover intention. According to the findings, female employees’ turnover intention was differently affected by most workplace contextual factors, compared to male employees’ turnover intention. OLS regression analyses showed that female employees’ turnover intention was most affected by the ‘opportunities for growth and development’ factor and least affected by the ‘feeling valued and trusted’ factor and the ‘coworker support and the spirit of camaraderie’ factor. The results can help to develop proper human resource management policies and practices for female employees and avoid unwanted voluntary turnover.","PeriodicalId":43150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44829286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.20899/jpna.8.3.399-422
Wanzhu Shi
The COVID-19 pandemic massively affected the nonprofit sector. This article explores how the crisis has impacted nonprofit organizations at a U.S.–Mexico border community with a large population of minorities and migrants. Guided by resource dependency theory and the nonprofit capacity building framework, surveys reveal that nonprofits with less financial support from the government sector, low leadership, and weak operational capacities receive critical impacts from the pandemic. The findings also show that local nonprofits are bonded closely to the community during the pandemic, which reflects the collectivistic culture in Hispanic/Latino communities. This study provides important insights on how local nonprofits with limited resources and an increase in demand from vulnerable populations struggled with the pandemic.
{"title":"COVID-19 Impacts on Border Community Organizations","authors":"Wanzhu Shi","doi":"10.20899/jpna.8.3.399-422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.8.3.399-422","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic massively affected the nonprofit sector. This article explores how the crisis has impacted nonprofit organizations at a U.S.–Mexico border community with a large population of minorities and migrants. Guided by resource dependency theory and the nonprofit capacity building framework, surveys reveal that nonprofits with less financial support from the government sector, low leadership, and weak operational capacities receive critical impacts from the pandemic. The findings also show that local nonprofits are bonded closely to the community during the pandemic, which reflects the collectivistic culture in Hispanic/Latino communities. This study provides important insights on how local nonprofits with limited resources and an increase in demand from vulnerable populations struggled with the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":43150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49584923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.20899/jpna.8.2.239-259
Hyunjung Ji, Jungwon Yeo, W. No
This study examines how different types of NPOs influence local governments’ hazard mitigation efforts. Based on Marquis et al. (2013), we categorized NPOs into three types and analyzed a county-level dataset (N=1,626) with fixed-effect Poisson regression. Findings indicate that counties with a greater number of NPOs working for enhancing the overall community’s social welfare are more likely to develop hazard mitigation projects. In contrast, the prevalence of elite-oriented NPOs that focus on selective community constituents is negatively associated with local governments’ hazard mitigation project development. This study provides important implications for the critical roles of NPOs in facilitating hazard mitigation efforts in relationships with local governments.
{"title":"The Varieties of Nonprofit Organizations and Local Hazard Mitigation Efforts","authors":"Hyunjung Ji, Jungwon Yeo, W. No","doi":"10.20899/jpna.8.2.239-259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.8.2.239-259","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how different types of NPOs influence local governments’ hazard mitigation efforts. Based on Marquis et al. (2013), we categorized NPOs into three types and analyzed a county-level dataset (N=1,626) with fixed-effect Poisson regression. Findings indicate that counties with a greater number of NPOs working for enhancing the overall community’s social welfare are more likely to develop hazard mitigation projects. In contrast, the prevalence of elite-oriented NPOs that focus on selective community constituents is negatively associated with local governments’ hazard mitigation project development. This study provides important implications for the critical roles of NPOs in facilitating hazard mitigation efforts in relationships with local governments.","PeriodicalId":43150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45104132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.20899/jpna.8.2.294-295
Seth J. Meyer
Though research methods is an important topic, it is hard to keep up with all of the different methods which can be used to examine the nonprofit sector. Jon Dean and Eddy Hogg’s new edited volume, Researching Voluntary Action fills an important void in nonprofit studies by leading the discussion on research methods for nonprofit researchers. This book, which provides first-person narratives of experiences with new and unique research methods, allows students of nonprofit studies to think about how to move the field forward. While many nonprofit researchers would benefit from this book, this would be useful in a PhD classroom for research methods.
{"title":"Researching Voluntary Action: Innovations and Challenges, Edited by Jon Dean and Eddy Hogg","authors":"Seth J. Meyer","doi":"10.20899/jpna.8.2.294-295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.8.2.294-295","url":null,"abstract":"Though research methods is an important topic, it is hard to keep up with all of the different methods which can be used to examine the nonprofit sector. Jon Dean and Eddy Hogg’s new edited volume, Researching Voluntary Action fills an important void in nonprofit studies by leading the discussion on research methods for nonprofit researchers. This book, which provides first-person narratives of experiences with new and unique research methods, allows students of nonprofit studies to think about how to move the field forward. While many nonprofit researchers would benefit from this book, this would be useful in a PhD classroom for research methods.","PeriodicalId":43150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45284227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.20899/jpna.8.2.260-280
Joseph A. Hafer, Bing Ran, M. Hossain
Power is an important concept in understanding collaborative governance, however, the existing research is largely dominated by the functional and critical perspectives of power. Aided by a conceptual content analysis of power used in collaborative governance literature in the top public administration journals, we viewed power as a family resemblance concept that should be conceptualized through four perspectives: functional, critical, social construction, and pragmatic. We provide elaboration of each of these four perspectives and propose counterarguments to assumptions that have arisen due to the reliance on a functional or critical perspective of power. We conclude that viewing power as a family resemblance concept with at least four perspectives offers collaborative governance researchers the ability to adopt the best perspective that is the most useful for their analysis and most helpful for public administrators to understand power in their collaborative efforts.
{"title":"Rethinking Perspectives of Power in Collaborative Governance","authors":"Joseph A. Hafer, Bing Ran, M. Hossain","doi":"10.20899/jpna.8.2.260-280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.8.2.260-280","url":null,"abstract":"Power is an important concept in understanding collaborative governance, however, the existing research is largely dominated by the functional and critical perspectives of power. Aided by a conceptual content analysis of power used in collaborative governance literature in the top public administration journals, we viewed power as a family resemblance concept that should be conceptualized through four perspectives: functional, critical, social construction, and pragmatic. We provide elaboration of each of these four perspectives and propose counterarguments to assumptions that have arisen due to the reliance on a functional or critical perspective of power. We conclude that viewing power as a family resemblance concept with at least four perspectives offers collaborative governance researchers the ability to adopt the best perspective that is the most useful for their analysis and most helpful for public administrators to understand power in their collaborative efforts.","PeriodicalId":43150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41551145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.20899/jpna.8.2.217-238
J. Kagan
This paper examines the advocacy activities of 30 environmental nonprofits engaged in oil and gas policy debates. Because 501(c)(3) organizations are restricted or prohibited from engaging in certain types of advocacy, the literature typically considers 501(c)(3) organizations service providers and 501(c)(4)s advocacy organizations. This study looks at whether this dichotomy holds among a group of organizations that actively advocates and examines the implications of 501(c) status. Data come from surveys of organizations active in hydraulic fracturing policy debates, along with organizations’ Form 990s and websites. Results obtained through statistical analyses and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) indicate that the environmental nonprofits actively advocate and report doing so relatively effectively. Furthermore, this research uncovers new patterns in advocacy tactics and the organizations that use them by analyzing advocacy participation and effectiveness separately and through QCA.
{"title":"The Significance of 501(c) Status Among Environmental Nonprofits Engaged in Oil and Gas Policy Debates","authors":"J. Kagan","doi":"10.20899/jpna.8.2.217-238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.8.2.217-238","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the advocacy activities of 30 environmental nonprofits engaged in oil and gas policy debates. Because 501(c)(3) organizations are restricted or prohibited from engaging in certain types of advocacy, the literature typically considers 501(c)(3) organizations service providers and 501(c)(4)s advocacy organizations. This study looks at whether this dichotomy holds among a group of organizations that actively advocates and examines the implications of 501(c) status. Data come from surveys of organizations active in hydraulic fracturing policy debates, along with organizations’ Form 990s and websites. Results obtained through statistical analyses and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) indicate that the environmental nonprofits actively advocate and report doing so relatively effectively. Furthermore, this research uncovers new patterns in advocacy tactics and the organizations that use them by analyzing advocacy participation and effectiveness separately and through QCA.","PeriodicalId":43150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44499377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.20899/jpna.8.2.168-194
Stephanie Dolamore, Jessica E. Sowa, L. Edwards
Visual imagery is a fundamental element of our communication systems. Unlike spoken or written words that deliver meaning one word at a time, images convey multiple messages instantly with powerful impact. This study explores the content embedded in the social media images used by nonprofit police foundations in the United States through archeological visual analysis. Findings reveal that public service organizations navigate curation choices when selecting images for social media accounts, such as how best to depict the mission of the organization. The prioritization of image curation is imperative, especially with the growth of social media as a space for promoting encounters with, not just information distribution to, citizens. In the public service, the importance of image curation lies in the potential to reinforce the work of organizations, but the risk is miscommunication with consequences for public trust.
{"title":"Depicting the Work of Police Foundations on Social Media: A Visual Communication Analysis","authors":"Stephanie Dolamore, Jessica E. Sowa, L. Edwards","doi":"10.20899/jpna.8.2.168-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.8.2.168-194","url":null,"abstract":"Visual imagery is a fundamental element of our communication systems. Unlike spoken or written words that deliver meaning one word at a time, images convey multiple messages instantly with powerful impact. This study explores the content embedded in the social media images used by nonprofit police foundations in the United States through archeological visual analysis. Findings reveal that public service organizations navigate curation choices when selecting images for social media accounts, such as how best to depict the mission of the organization. The prioritization of image curation is imperative, especially with the growth of social media as a space for promoting encounters with, not just information distribution to, citizens. In the public service, the importance of image curation lies in the potential to reinforce the work of organizations, but the risk is miscommunication with consequences for public trust.","PeriodicalId":43150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42536190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.20899/jpna.8.2.195-216
Robert W. Kolodinsky, William J. Ritchie, N. Çapar
Social enterprises, as hybrid organizations with a dual-mission focus and diversity of primary stakeholders, have unique communication and governance challenges when compared to other social mission organizations, such as nonprofits and nongovernmental organizations. To address a gap in the social enterprise literature, we offer a comprehensive framework to illustrate how the application of context-specific ‘accountability mechanisms’ (Ebrahim, 2003) can strengthen organizational legitimacy perceptions and, in doing so, strengthen performance perceptions and stakeholder ties. Given multiple principal stakeholders in the plural institutional environments in which such hybrid organizations operate, our premise is that social enterprises bolster such perceptions by applying relevant accountability tools and processes in each of Ingram and Clay’s (2000) four institutional contexts. Importantly, our framework applies to both strategic and institutional social enterprise legitimacy. As an illustration, we performed a qualitative examination of three established social enterprises, each in a different industry. Findings revealed each of these social enterprises had adopted accountability mechanisms in all four institutional contexts, suggesting that practitioner application of, and future research on, our framework may prove fruitful.
{"title":"Social Enterprise Legitimacy: Application of Accountability Mechanisms as a Multi-Institutional Context Strategy","authors":"Robert W. Kolodinsky, William J. Ritchie, N. Çapar","doi":"10.20899/jpna.8.2.195-216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.8.2.195-216","url":null,"abstract":"Social enterprises, as hybrid organizations with a dual-mission focus and diversity of primary stakeholders, have unique communication and governance challenges when compared to other social mission organizations, such as nonprofits and nongovernmental organizations. To address a gap in the social enterprise literature, we offer a comprehensive framework to illustrate how the application of context-specific ‘accountability mechanisms’ (Ebrahim, 2003) can strengthen organizational legitimacy perceptions and, in doing so, strengthen performance perceptions and stakeholder ties. Given multiple principal stakeholders in the plural institutional environments in which such hybrid organizations operate, our premise is that social enterprises bolster such perceptions by applying relevant accountability tools and processes in each of Ingram and Clay’s (2000) four institutional contexts. Importantly, our framework applies to both strategic and institutional social enterprise legitimacy. As an illustration, we performed a qualitative examination of three established social enterprises, each in a different industry. Findings revealed each of these social enterprises had adopted accountability mechanisms in all four institutional contexts, suggesting that practitioner application of, and future research on, our framework may prove fruitful.","PeriodicalId":43150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49601646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2020 MPAC Conference Award","authors":"D. Carroll","doi":"10.20899/jpna.8.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.8.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42353749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.20899/jpna.8.1.145-156
Seth J. Meyer, Judith Millison
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual plus (LGBTQIA+) communities are underrepresented in public and nonprofit affairs research. This has led to an incomplete picture of how public and nonprofit organizations can better support LGBTQIA+ individuals and communities. In this article, we discuss how researchers can include the LGBTQIA+ community, why they should care about this community, and the appropriate terminology and distinctions within the LGBTQIA+ community. This article is a call to arms: LGBTQIA+ individuals are an important part of the work in the public and nonprofit sector; and as such the language used to describe their experiences should be supportive and affirming.
{"title":"Queer Up Your Work: Adding Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity to Public and Nonprofit Research","authors":"Seth J. Meyer, Judith Millison","doi":"10.20899/jpna.8.1.145-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.8.1.145-156","url":null,"abstract":"Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual plus (LGBTQIA+) communities are underrepresented in public and nonprofit affairs research. This has led to an incomplete picture of how public and nonprofit organizations can better support LGBTQIA+ individuals and communities. In this article, we discuss how researchers can include the LGBTQIA+ community, why they should care about this community, and the appropriate terminology and distinctions within the LGBTQIA+ community. This article is a call to arms: LGBTQIA+ individuals are an important part of the work in the public and nonprofit sector; and as such the language used to describe their experiences should be supportive and affirming.","PeriodicalId":43150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41626679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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