Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.53
P. Naguman, A. Zhorabek, A. Amanzholova, I. Kulakov, A.N. Rakhimbaeva
Everyone knows that forest air is very good for health, and one of the most important reasons for this is the presence of phytoncides in it, which kill or suppress pathogens and have a healing effect. Also, phytoncides are one of the factors of the natural immunity of plants (plants sterilize themselves with the products of their vital activity). Their large number is allocated by plants. One of them is the common bird cherry. Cherry-a representative of the genus of plums of the Rosaceae family. The view includes low trees and shrubs. Cheremukha-forest orderly. Its flowers and leaves are rich in phytoncides, thanks to which they exude an alluring aroma. However, when they break down, they release prussic acid, which is dangerous for all living things. This gave them the opportunity to attract and destroy pests. Phytoncides are volatile biologically active substances formed by plants that kill or inhibit the growth and development of bacteria, microscopic fungi, and protozoa. In addition to all of the above, bird cherry has exceptional properties. The strong, somewhat intoxicating scent of flowers and leaves cleanses the air of germs. Antimicrobial properties of phytoncides have led to a large number of studies on their use in medicine, veterinary medicine, plant protection, storage of fruit and vegetable products, in the food industry and other areas of practice. Almost all parts of the plant have bactericidal, fungicidal and insecticidal properties. In folk medicine, bird cherry has long been used as an astringent, fixing, anti-inflammatory and anti-scurvy agent. Bird cherry produces the most powerful phytoncides containing prussic acid. Protozoa die under the influence of bird cherry phytoncides in 5 minutes. On the basis of numerous studies, the time of death of protozoa after noncontact exposure to phytoncidal plants has been established. Especially a lot of phytoncides are released by young leaves in spring and summer, in autumn phytoncides are released much less. The presence of tannins and essential oil in the fruit has an anti-inflammatory effect, which is used to treat inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract and dysentery. The infusion of cherry fruits has a destructive effect on microorganisms. Preparations of the fruits of the common cherry have an antiseptic effect. They are used in dental practice in the treatment of inflammatory processes of the oral mucosa, paradontosis, toothache and hypovitaminosis.
{"title":"PHYTONCIDES IN THE COMPOSITION OF COMMON BIRD CHERRY","authors":"P. Naguman, A. Zhorabek, A. Amanzholova, I. Kulakov, A.N. Rakhimbaeva","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.53","url":null,"abstract":"Everyone knows that forest air is very good for health, and one of the most important reasons for this is the presence of phytoncides in it, which kill or suppress pathogens and have a healing effect. Also, phytoncides are one of the factors of the natural immunity of plants (plants sterilize themselves with the products of their vital activity). Their large number is allocated by plants. One of them is the common bird cherry. Cherry-a representative of the genus of plums of the Rosaceae family. The view includes low trees and shrubs. Cheremukha-forest orderly. Its flowers and leaves are rich in phytoncides, thanks to which they exude an alluring aroma. However, when they break down, they release prussic acid, which is dangerous for all living things. This gave them the opportunity to attract and destroy pests. Phytoncides are volatile biologically active substances formed by plants that kill or inhibit the growth and development of bacteria, microscopic fungi, and protozoa. In addition to all of the above, bird cherry has exceptional properties. The strong, somewhat intoxicating scent of flowers and leaves cleanses the air of germs. Antimicrobial properties of phytoncides have led to a large number of studies on their use in medicine, veterinary medicine, plant protection, storage of fruit and vegetable products, in the food industry and other areas of practice. Almost all parts of the plant have bactericidal, fungicidal and insecticidal properties. In folk medicine, bird cherry has long been used as an astringent, fixing, anti-inflammatory and anti-scurvy agent. Bird cherry produces the most powerful phytoncides containing prussic acid. Protozoa die under the influence of bird cherry phytoncides in 5 minutes. On the basis of numerous studies, the time of death of protozoa after noncontact exposure to phytoncidal plants has been established. Especially a lot of phytoncides are released by young leaves in spring and summer, in autumn phytoncides are released much less. The presence of tannins and essential oil in the fruit has an anti-inflammatory effect, which is used to treat inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract and dysentery. The infusion of cherry fruits has a destructive effect on microorganisms. Preparations of the fruits of the common cherry have an antiseptic effect. They are used in dental practice in the treatment of inflammatory processes of the oral mucosa, paradontosis, toothache and hypovitaminosis.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47973494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.43
Z.А. Anarbekova, G. Baigazieva
Wine is a product of biochemical transformations, compounds present in grape juice, by controlled alcoholic fermentation, that is, effervescence. Grape and yeast enzymes play a key role in the processing of grapes and the preparation of wine, influencing all biotechnological processes of winemaking. Adding liquid or dry active yeast to the wort allows better control of the fermentation process. Under the influence of these yeasts, sugar is converted mainly into alcohol or carbon dioxide, but the yeast itself during fermentation produces many molecules (higher alcohols, esters) that affect the aroma and taste of wine. These transformations take about two weeks and lead to a significant increase in temperature, which must be regulated, not allowing it to rise above 18-20°C: otherwise, some of the aromatic substances may evaporate and the fermentation process itself will stop. The amount of yeast that determines the correct and complete fermentation depends both on the quality of the wort itself, and on the more or less prolonged access of air, the ambient temperature. The air, or rather the oxygen of the air, has a beneficial effect on fermentation as long as there are still many nutrients (sugars) in the wort; as the latter are consumed, extremely small yeast cells are formed, which persist for a long time in the form of turbidity. The rapid course of fermentation can be greatly facilitated by the periodic stirring of yeast, which, settling to the bottom, lose direct contact with nutrients — the lower layers almost do not function. You can mix the wort mechanically or by adding healthy whole grapes to it; in this case, the wort is constantly and automatically mixed: the berries, rising up in the fermenting liquid, carry the yeast with them. In order to speed up the fermentation, the wort is sometimes ventilated, that is, air is introduced into it, by mixing. This article shows the influence of the yeast race on the fermentation dynamics of white grape must, the composition of organic acids and aroma-forming components. The races that ensure the production of highquality wine materials are identified.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF YEAST RACES ON THE AROMA-FORMING SUBSTANCES OF TABLE WINES","authors":"Z.А. Anarbekova, G. Baigazieva","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.43","url":null,"abstract":"Wine is a product of biochemical transformations, compounds present in grape juice, by controlled alcoholic fermentation, that is, effervescence. Grape and yeast enzymes play a key role in the processing of grapes and the preparation of wine, influencing all biotechnological processes of winemaking. Adding liquid or dry active yeast to the wort allows better control of the fermentation process. Under the influence of these yeasts, sugar is converted mainly into alcohol or carbon dioxide, but the yeast itself during fermentation produces many molecules (higher alcohols, esters) that affect the aroma and taste of wine. These transformations take about two weeks and lead to a significant increase in temperature, which must be regulated, not allowing it to rise above 18-20°C: otherwise, some of the aromatic substances may evaporate and the fermentation process itself will stop. The amount of yeast that determines the correct and complete fermentation depends both on the quality of the wort itself, and on the more or less prolonged access of air, the ambient temperature. The air, or rather the oxygen of the air, has a beneficial effect on fermentation as long as there are still many nutrients (sugars) in the wort; as the latter are consumed, extremely small yeast cells are formed, which persist for a long time in the form of turbidity. The rapid course of fermentation can be greatly facilitated by the periodic stirring of yeast, which, settling to the bottom, lose direct contact with nutrients — the lower layers almost do not function. You can mix the wort mechanically or by adding healthy whole grapes to it; in this case, the wort is constantly and automatically mixed: the berries, rising up in the fermenting liquid, carry the yeast with them. In order to speed up the fermentation, the wort is sometimes ventilated, that is, air is introduced into it, by mixing. This article shows the influence of the yeast race on the fermentation dynamics of white grape must, the composition of organic acids and aroma-forming components. The races that ensure the production of highquality wine materials are identified.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47775226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.59
B. Yermagambet, M. Kazankapova, A. Nauryzbayeva, Z. Kassenova
The article describes a method for obtaining carbon nanofibers (CNFs) based on humic acid from oxidized coal of the Maikuben basin and polycarlonitrile (PAN) by electrospinning in laboratory conditions. The value of the interelectrode voltage was 20-25 kV. The elemental composition was determined and the surface morphology of the studied sample was studied, the type of modification of the carbon fiber was revealed. As a result of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical composition of the initial CNF (C-48.73%) and the diameter of carbon fibers, which ranged from 148.6 nm to 1.36 μm, were found. The processes of oxidation and carbonization of the obtained samples were also carried out. The elemental composition of carbon after oxidation and carbonization was 87.75 and 89.16%, respectively, the diameter of the fibers was 117.5 nm -1.03 microns. The results of Raman scattering of light (RS) of carbonized CNF showed the degree of graphitization - 23.97%, the ratio I (D) / I (G) = 0.7, I (G) / I (D) = 1.4. The resistance of this material was 27 ohms. On the basis of SEM patterns of CNFs based on humic acid and PAN, it was found that the structure of the sample after oxidation and carbonization retains the original fibrous structure. It was also found that the diameter of nanofibers decreases from 1 μm to 117.5 nm, which may be associated with the release of volatile and heterogeneous components of the original product and the formation of a more structural thin porous filament.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOFIBERS BASED ON HUMIC ACID AND POLYACRYONITRILE BY ELECTROSPINNING METHOD","authors":"B. Yermagambet, M. Kazankapova, A. Nauryzbayeva, Z. Kassenova","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.59","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes a method for obtaining carbon nanofibers (CNFs) based on humic acid from oxidized coal of the Maikuben basin and polycarlonitrile (PAN) by electrospinning in laboratory conditions. The value of the interelectrode voltage was 20-25 kV. The elemental composition was determined and the surface morphology of the studied sample was studied, the type of modification of the carbon fiber was revealed. As a result of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical composition of the initial CNF (C-48.73%) and the diameter of carbon fibers, which ranged from 148.6 nm to 1.36 μm, were found. The processes of oxidation and carbonization of the obtained samples were also carried out. The elemental composition of carbon after oxidation and carbonization was 87.75 and 89.16%, respectively, the diameter of the fibers was 117.5 nm -1.03 microns. The results of Raman scattering of light (RS) of carbonized CNF showed the degree of graphitization - 23.97%, the ratio I (D) / I (G) = 0.7, I (G) / I (D) = 1.4. The resistance of this material was 27 ohms. On the basis of SEM patterns of CNFs based on humic acid and PAN, it was found that the structure of the sample after oxidation and carbonization retains the original fibrous structure. It was also found that the diameter of nanofibers decreases from 1 μm to 117.5 nm, which may be associated with the release of volatile and heterogeneous components of the original product and the formation of a more structural thin porous filament.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44074780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.46
G. Baigazieva, N. Issayeva
{"title":"PRODUCTION OF COLD BLACK TEA WITH NATURAL SUGAR SUBSTITUTE-STEVIA [STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTONI (L.)]","authors":"G. Baigazieva, N. Issayeva","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46020824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.56
S. Rasulov, G. Mustafayeva
The aim of the article is to study the effect of preparation and activation methods of a modified zeolite-containing catalyst on the activity and stability of catalytic properties displayed by it during the conversion of C3-C4 hydrocarbons. During the experiment, the industrial cracking catalyst OMNIKAT, which is a zeolite in the sodium form, was used as the initial one. Zinc, gallium, and REE (rare earth elements) were sequentially applied to decationized samples of this catalyst by ion exchange, impregnation, and dry mechanical mixing, and the effect of these methods on the catalytic properties of the zeolite-containing catalyst was observed. As a result of a comparative analysis of the regularities of aromatization of C3-C4 hydrocarbons, it was found that the mechanical mixing method is the most preferable, since it provides the best process performance. In order to improve the activity and stability of the catalysts, thermocouple and thermal activations were carried out during the preparation process. Further, differences were revealed for the thermocouple and thermal activation of the modified catalyst and their effect on the activity and selectivity of the zinc-galliumzeolite-containing catalyst with respect to ArH (aromatic hydrocarbons) in the process of conversion of C3-C4 hydrocarbons. The choice of these particular operations was dictated by the fact that preliminary thermal and thermal vapor treatment of the catalyst practically does not require significant capital expenditures, i.e., economically most acceptable. Regularities of reaction-regeneration cycles were established. Thus, the optimal technological parameters for the regeneration of catalytic compositions are: temperature - 600°C, atmospheric pressure, oxidizer - air feed rate - 2 h-1, which lead to the restoration of the activity and selectivity of the spent catalyst to the fresh level. Studies of the of oxidative regeneration process a zinc-gallium-zeolite-containing catalyst have shown that while maintaining a clearly regulated regeneration regime, the activity of the latter is restored. The main task of the research was the development of effective catalysts for the conversion of C3- C4 hydrocarbons. Therefore, in the first place, we compared the conversion rates and selectivity for ArH. The proposed catalyst is characterized by good operational properties (high activity and long service life), providing 59.2% by weight of the target product yield at 98.8% conversion of C3-C4 hydrocarbons.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE CATALYSTS FOR PROCESSING C3-C4 HYDROCARBONS","authors":"S. Rasulov, G. Mustafayeva","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.56","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to study the effect of preparation and activation methods of a modified zeolite-containing catalyst on the activity and stability of catalytic properties displayed by it during the conversion of C3-C4 hydrocarbons. During the experiment, the industrial cracking catalyst OMNIKAT, which is a zeolite in the sodium form, was used as the initial one. Zinc, gallium, and REE (rare earth elements) were sequentially applied to decationized samples of this catalyst by ion exchange, impregnation, and dry mechanical mixing, and the effect of these methods on the catalytic properties of the zeolite-containing catalyst was observed. As a result of a comparative analysis of the regularities of aromatization of C3-C4 hydrocarbons, it was found that the mechanical mixing method is the most preferable, since it provides the best process performance. In order to improve the activity and stability of the catalysts, thermocouple and thermal activations were carried out during the preparation process. Further, differences were revealed for the thermocouple and thermal activation of the modified catalyst and their effect on the activity and selectivity of the zinc-galliumzeolite-containing catalyst with respect to ArH (aromatic hydrocarbons) in the process of conversion of C3-C4 hydrocarbons. The choice of these particular operations was dictated by the fact that preliminary thermal and thermal vapor treatment of the catalyst practically does not require significant capital expenditures, i.e., economically most acceptable. Regularities of reaction-regeneration cycles were established. Thus, the optimal technological parameters for the regeneration of catalytic compositions are: temperature - 600°C, atmospheric pressure, oxidizer - air feed rate - 2 h-1, which lead to the restoration of the activity and selectivity of the spent catalyst to the fresh level. Studies of the of oxidative regeneration process a zinc-gallium-zeolite-containing catalyst have shown that while maintaining a clearly regulated regeneration regime, the activity of the latter is restored. The main task of the research was the development of effective catalysts for the conversion of C3- C4 hydrocarbons. Therefore, in the first place, we compared the conversion rates and selectivity for ArH. The proposed catalyst is characterized by good operational properties (high activity and long service life), providing 59.2% by weight of the target product yield at 98.8% conversion of C3-C4 hydrocarbons.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48552150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.57
A. Tyan, M. Bayazitova
In recent years, according to the sharp increase in the number of breweries and high competition on the consumer market, it is very important to extend the raw material base of the industry and the range of produced beer from the recommended raw materials. One of the ways to expand the raw material base of breweries is developing recommendations for the use of new zoned varieties of barley, in particular as well as the use of special malts, wheat malt, the development of new recipes and technologies for beer producing. As it is known, barley, wheat, rye, and malt produced from these cereal crops are processed to a greater extent at present. Along with traditional types of cereals, such cereals as amaranth, buckwheat, triticale, sorghum, oats, etc. are used. Among the listed alternative crops, wheat should be noted as the most promising type of cereal raw materials. Wheat (Triticum) is an herbaceous annual plant of the cereal family. Hard wheat (T. durum) and soft wheat (T. aestivum) are the most important. Both species are holo-grain, i.e., the grain is covered with fruiting and seed shells, fused and consisting of several layers of cells, and do not have flower (chaff) shells. At present time, high-yielding winter and spring wheat (T.aestivum) is mainly cultivated. This species has loose floury grains and rather low protein content. It should be noted that unmalted wheat is rarely used in brewing. This is because that the use of this cereal as unmalted material leads to significant deviations in the technological process, in particular, the filtration of wort and beer slows down, reduces the colloidal stability of the final product. At the same time, as a raw material for malt, wheat has some advantages over barley. The article deals with the effect of different amounts of wheat malt on the mashing process, the percentage of mashing and mashing modes of barley and wheat malt are selected experimentally.
{"title":"SELECTION OF THE MASHING MODE IN THE PREPARATION OF BEER WORT BY USING THE WHEAT MALT","authors":"A. Tyan, M. Bayazitova","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.57","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, according to the sharp increase in the number of breweries and high competition on the consumer market, it is very important to extend the raw material base of the industry and the range of produced beer from the recommended raw materials. One of the ways to expand the raw material base of breweries is developing recommendations for the use of new zoned varieties of barley, in particular as well as the use of special malts, wheat malt, the development of new recipes and technologies for beer producing. As it is known, barley, wheat, rye, and malt produced from these cereal crops are processed to a greater extent at present. Along with traditional types of cereals, such cereals as amaranth, buckwheat, triticale, sorghum, oats, etc. are used. Among the listed alternative crops, wheat should be noted as the most promising type of cereal raw materials. Wheat (Triticum) is an herbaceous annual plant of the cereal family. Hard wheat (T. durum) and soft wheat (T. aestivum) are the most important. Both species are holo-grain, i.e., the grain is covered with fruiting and seed shells, fused and consisting of several layers of cells, and do not have flower (chaff) shells. At present time, high-yielding winter and spring wheat (T.aestivum) is mainly cultivated. This species has loose floury grains and rather low protein content. It should be noted that unmalted wheat is rarely used in brewing. This is because that the use of this cereal as unmalted material leads to significant deviations in the technological process, in particular, the filtration of wort and beer slows down, reduces the colloidal stability of the final product. At the same time, as a raw material for malt, wheat has some advantages over barley. The article deals with the effect of different amounts of wheat malt on the mashing process, the percentage of mashing and mashing modes of barley and wheat malt are selected experimentally.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42135547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.42
Н.О. Аппазов, Б.М. Диярова, Б. М. Базарбаев, Т. Асылбекқызы, Б. Ж. Джиембаев
Мақалада брикеттелген белсендірілген көмір алу үшін күріш қалдығымен мұнай қалдығына байланыстырушы крахмалдың әсері зерттелді. Күріш қалдығы (қауызы және сабаны) мен мұнай шламын бірге өңдеу арқылы брикеттелген белсендірілген көмір алу үшін байланыстырушы крахмал қосылды. Брикетті карбонизациялау және белсендіру кварцты шыныдан жасалған түтікте ұзындығы 300 мм және диаметрі 60 мм, қыздыру бөлімінің ұзындығы 200 мм болатын BR-12 NFT сериялы жоғары температуралы вакуумдық түтікті пеште жүргізілді. Пешке күріш қалдығы (қауызы мен сабаны), мұнай шламы және крахмалды қосу арқылы алынған брикет орналастырылды. Карбонизация 500ºС температурада, белсендіру 850ºС температурада 2:1 қатынаста су буымен жүргізілді. Күріш қалдығы мен мұнай шламына крахмал байланыстырушысын қосу қатынастарының өнім қасиетіне әсері зерттелді. Брикетті алудың оңтайлы қатынасы күріш қауызы: мұнай шламы: крахмалдың = 9:1:2 (салмақтары бойынша) қатынасы болып табылды. Брикеттелген белсендірілген көмірдің йод бойынша адсорбциялық белсенділігі, су бойынша жалпы кеуектер көлемі, ылғалдың массалық үлесі, метилен көгі бойынша адсорбциялық белсенділігі және үйінділік тығыздығы тәрізді көрсеткіштер зерттелді. Жүргізілген зерттеулер нәтижесі бойынша брикеттелген белсендірілген көмірдің құрамындағы крахмал мөлшері артқан сайын оның собрциялық қасиетінің жоғарылайтыны байқалды. Күріш қауызынан алынған брикеттелген белсендірілген көмірге жоғары сорбциялық қасиеттер тән. Тәжірибелік зерттеулер нәтижесі бойынша 9:1:2 қатынастағы күріш қауызы мен мұнай шламына крахмал қосу арқылы алынған брикеттелген белсендірілген көмір БАУ-МФ маркасына сәйкес келеді.
{"title":"КҮРІШ ҚАЛДЫҒЫМЕН МҰНАЙ ШЛАМЫН БІРГЕ ӨҢДЕУДЕ БАЙЛАНЫСТЫРУШЫ КРАХМАЛ НЕГІЗІНДЕ БРИКЕТТЕЛГЕН БЕЛСЕНДІРІЛГЕН КӨМІР АЛУ","authors":"Н.О. Аппазов, Б.М. Диярова, Б. М. Базарбаев, Т. Асылбекқызы, Б. Ж. Джиембаев","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.42","url":null,"abstract":"Мақалада брикеттелген белсендірілген көмір алу үшін күріш қалдығымен мұнай қалдығына байланыстырушы крахмалдың әсері зерттелді. Күріш қалдығы (қауызы және сабаны) мен мұнай шламын бірге өңдеу арқылы брикеттелген белсендірілген көмір алу үшін байланыстырушы крахмал қосылды. Брикетті карбонизациялау және белсендіру кварцты шыныдан жасалған түтікте ұзындығы 300 мм және диаметрі 60 мм, қыздыру бөлімінің ұзындығы 200 мм болатын BR-12 NFT сериялы жоғары температуралы вакуумдық түтікті пеште жүргізілді. Пешке күріш қалдығы (қауызы мен сабаны), мұнай шламы және крахмалды қосу арқылы алынған брикет орналастырылды. Карбонизация 500ºС температурада, белсендіру 850ºС температурада 2:1 қатынаста су буымен жүргізілді. Күріш қалдығы мен мұнай шламына крахмал байланыстырушысын қосу қатынастарының өнім қасиетіне әсері зерттелді. Брикетті алудың оңтайлы қатынасы күріш қауызы: мұнай шламы: крахмалдың = 9:1:2 (салмақтары бойынша) қатынасы болып табылды. Брикеттелген белсендірілген көмірдің йод бойынша адсорбциялық белсенділігі, су бойынша жалпы кеуектер көлемі, ылғалдың массалық үлесі, метилен көгі бойынша адсорбциялық белсенділігі және үйінділік тығыздығы тәрізді көрсеткіштер зерттелді. Жүргізілген зерттеулер нәтижесі бойынша брикеттелген белсендірілген көмірдің құрамындағы крахмал мөлшері артқан сайын оның собрциялық қасиетінің жоғарылайтыны байқалды. Күріш қауызынан алынған брикеттелген белсендірілген көмірге жоғары сорбциялық қасиеттер тән. Тәжірибелік зерттеулер нәтижесі бойынша 9:1:2 қатынастағы күріш қауызы мен мұнай шламына крахмал қосу арқылы алынған брикеттелген белсендірілген көмір БАУ-МФ маркасына сәйкес келеді.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49645447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.47
Y. Ikhsanov, K. Kusainova, G. Tasmagambetova, N. Andasova, Y. Litvinenko
The genus rose hips, or rose (Rosa L.), belongs to the Rosaceae family. It has many cultural forms, bred under the general name Rose. Now, more than 400 species of rose hips known. Usually these are erect shrubs, less often lianas, sometimes-low tree-like forms or almost herbaceous plants. Rosehip is common in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, it can often found in the mountainous regions of the tropical belt. Some types of rose hips distributed from the Arctic Circle in the north to Ethiopia in the south. On the American continent - from Canada to Mexico. The most favorable conditions for Rosehip are in the Mediterranean region. Several species of the genus Rosehip have a wide distribution area. Kazakhstan possesses significant resources of medicinal plant raw materials. Among the most priority representatives of the wild flora are species of the wild rose genus - Rosa L. as the most valuable medicinal plant. In total, 21 species of wild rose grow in the republic, including 5 in Central Kazakhstan: R. glabrifolia - w. naked, R. laxa Retz. - w. loose, R. acicularis Lindl. - (w. Spiny), R. majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.) - w. May (w. cinnamon) and R. pimpinellifolia L. (R. spinosissima L.) - w. femoral. Kazakh species of the genus Rosa L Rosehip fruits distinguished by a high content of biologically active substances and are widely used in medicine. Plant raw materials collected in the southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty region). The crushed air-dry raw material was extracted with hexane and chloroform in a raw material-reagent ratio (1:10) in a Soxhlet apparatus. Plants of the genus Rosa are rich in vitamins A, C, E and group B, and also contain sugars, flavonoids, saponins, phytosterols, glycosides, tannins, organic acids, amygdalin, essential oils. Thus, rosehip is a promising raw material for the creation of domestic medicines. This article examines the study of the quantitative composition of amino acids and vitamins in the fruits of the species of the genus Rosa widespread in Kazakhstan in the supercritical extract, isolated and the fruits of the Rosa canina plant, in order to establish the possibility of using and with the subsequent cultivation of the selected species.
玫瑰果属，或玫瑰(Rosa L.)，属于蔷薇科。它有许多文化形式，以玫瑰的总称繁殖。现在，已知的玫瑰果有400多种。通常是直立灌木，藤本植物较少，有时低矮的树状植物或几乎是草本植物。玫瑰果常见于北半球的温带和亚热带地区，也常见于热带的山区。有些种类的玫瑰果分布在北部的北极圈到南部的埃塞俄比亚。在美洲大陆——从加拿大到墨西哥。地中海地区是玫瑰果最有利的生长条件。蔷薇果属的几个种有广泛的分布区域。哈萨克斯坦拥有丰富的药用植物原料资源。其中最重要的野生植物代表是野生玫瑰属的物种-罗莎L.作为最有价值的药用植物。哈萨克斯坦共有21种野生玫瑰，其中5种生长在哈萨克斯坦中部，分别是:光月季、裸月季。- w. loose, R. acularis Lindl。——(w. Spiny)， r.m ajalis Herrm。(R. cinnamomea L.) - w. May (w. cinnamon)和R. pinpinellifolia L. (R. spinosissima L.) - w.股骨。哈萨克斯坦种玫瑰属玫瑰果，以其生物活性物质含量高而著称，被广泛用于医药。植物原料采自哈萨克斯坦共和国南部地区(阿拉木图地区)。将粉碎后的风干原料用己烷和氯仿按原料比(1:10)在索氏装置中提取。玫瑰属植物富含维生素A、C、E和B族，还含有糖、类黄酮、皂苷、植物甾醇、糖苷、单宁、有机酸、苦杏仁苷、精油。因此，玫瑰果是一种很有前途的国产药物原料。本文对哈萨克斯坦广泛分布的Rosa属植物的超临界萃取物和Rosa canina植物的果实中氨基酸和维生素的定量组成进行了研究，以确定使用和随后培养所选物种的可能性。
{"title":"AMINO ACID, FATTY ACID AND VITAMIN COMPOSITION OF ROSA CANINA L.","authors":"Y. Ikhsanov, K. Kusainova, G. Tasmagambetova, N. Andasova, Y. Litvinenko","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.47","url":null,"abstract":"The genus rose hips, or rose (Rosa L.), belongs to the Rosaceae family. It has many cultural forms, bred under the general name Rose. Now, more than 400 species of rose hips known. Usually these are erect shrubs, less often lianas, sometimes-low tree-like forms or almost herbaceous plants. Rosehip is common in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, it can often found in the mountainous regions of the tropical belt. Some types of rose hips distributed from the Arctic Circle in the north to Ethiopia in the south. On the American continent - from Canada to Mexico. The most favorable conditions for Rosehip are in the Mediterranean region. Several species of the genus Rosehip have a wide distribution area. Kazakhstan possesses significant resources of medicinal plant raw materials. Among the most priority representatives of the wild flora are species of the wild rose genus - Rosa L. as the most valuable medicinal plant. In total, 21 species of wild rose grow in the republic, including 5 in Central Kazakhstan: R. glabrifolia - w. naked, R. laxa Retz. - w. loose, R. acicularis Lindl. - (w. Spiny), R. majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.) - w. May (w. cinnamon) and R. pimpinellifolia L. (R. spinosissima L.) - w. femoral. Kazakh species of the genus Rosa L Rosehip fruits distinguished by a high content of biologically active substances and are widely used in medicine. Plant raw materials collected in the southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty region). The crushed air-dry raw material was extracted with hexane and chloroform in a raw material-reagent ratio (1:10) in a Soxhlet apparatus. Plants of the genus Rosa are rich in vitamins A, C, E and group B, and also contain sugars, flavonoids, saponins, phytosterols, glycosides, tannins, organic acids, amygdalin, essential oils. Thus, rosehip is a promising raw material for the creation of domestic medicines. This article examines the study of the quantitative composition of amino acids and vitamins in the fruits of the species of the genus Rosa widespread in Kazakhstan in the supercritical extract, isolated and the fruits of the Rosa canina plant, in order to establish the possibility of using and with the subsequent cultivation of the selected species.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45509127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.54
R. Nurdillayeva, Zh.G. Sauirbay, A. Bayeshov
Stainless steel is in great demand due to its mechanical strength, heat resistance, and resistance to corrosive environments. This article presents the result of a study of the electrochemical dissolution behavior of a stainless steel electrode (12X18H10T) at polarization by 50 Hz alternating current in a neutral medium (NaCl). Preliminary experiments have shown that the main processes do not take place when two stainless steel electrodes are polarized with an alternating current. It was observed that by the polarization of the “stainless steel – titanium” pair electrodes with alternating current, the alloy is intensively dissolved with the formation of iron (II) and chromium (III) ions. This is due to the "valve" properties of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the titanium electrode. A change in the value of the current density of the titanium and steel electrodes significantly affects the process of electrochemical dissolution of the alloy. At high current densities, the dissolution rate of the alloy decreases due to the deterioration of the current correcting properties of titanium. With an increase in the electrolyte concentration, the current efficiency is reduced as salt passivation occurs. A maximum value of the current efficiency of dissolution of stainless steel was observed at a current frequency of 50 Hz. High frequencies of the alternating current do not provide an adjustable duration of the anodic half-cycle for the oxidation reaction due to the frequent change of halfcycles of the alternating current. It was observed that increasing the temperature of the electrolyte reduces the current efficiency of the electrochemical dissolution of stainless steel electrodes. The effects of main electrochemical parameters on the electrolysis process have been investigated, and the optimal conditions of the alloy dissolution were established (іТі = 60 kA/m2 , іSS = 800 A/m2 , [NaCl] = 2.0 M, t = 30, ν = 50 Hz.).
{"title":"DISSOLUTION OF STAINLESS STEEL IN SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION AT POLARIZATION BY NON-STATIONARY CURRENT","authors":"R. Nurdillayeva, Zh.G. Sauirbay, A. Bayeshov","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.54","url":null,"abstract":"Stainless steel is in great demand due to its mechanical strength, heat resistance, and resistance to corrosive environments. This article presents the result of a study of the electrochemical dissolution behavior of a stainless steel electrode (12X18H10T) at polarization by 50 Hz alternating current in a neutral medium (NaCl). Preliminary experiments have shown that the main processes do not take place when two stainless steel electrodes are polarized with an alternating current. It was observed that by the polarization of the “stainless steel – titanium” pair electrodes with alternating current, the alloy is intensively dissolved with the formation of iron (II) and chromium (III) ions. This is due to the \"valve\" properties of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the titanium electrode. A change in the value of the current density of the titanium and steel electrodes significantly affects the process of electrochemical dissolution of the alloy. At high current densities, the dissolution rate of the alloy decreases due to the deterioration of the current correcting properties of titanium. With an increase in the electrolyte concentration, the current efficiency is reduced as salt passivation occurs. A maximum value of the current efficiency of dissolution of stainless steel was observed at a current frequency of 50 Hz. High frequencies of the alternating current do not provide an adjustable duration of the anodic half-cycle for the oxidation reaction due to the frequent change of halfcycles of the alternating current. It was observed that increasing the temperature of the electrolyte reduces the current efficiency of the electrochemical dissolution of stainless steel electrodes. The effects of main electrochemical parameters on the electrolysis process have been investigated, and the optimal conditions of the alloy dissolution were established (іТі = 60 kA/m2 , іSS = 800 A/m2 , [NaCl] = 2.0 M, t = 30, ν = 50 Hz.).","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44559706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.50
А. Mamyrbekova, А. Mamyrbekova, M. Kassymova, A. Aitbayeva, O. N. Chechina
Data on the study of the kinetics and mechanism of copper electro-oxidation -reduction processes in alkaline and neutral solutions were obtained in this work. Patterns of the electrochemical oxidation of copper using alternating current were established. Based on the data of polarisation measurements kinetic parameters were calculated: the heterogeneous rate constant, the effective activation energy of copper electro-oxidation, which allow to establish the course of the metal oxidation process in alkaline and neutral environments and its characteristics. Potentiodynamic measurements in alkaline solutions at a copper anode indicate the formation of Cu2O, CuO и Cu(OH)2. Anodic dissolution of copper in neutral salt solutions includes two main stages: the formation of Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions. It was found that the product of oxidation at high potentials is the Cu(II) ion. The nature of the anion electrolyte affects the rate of copper anodic oxidation, while the process occurs more efficiently in solutions of sulfate and sodium chloride and is accompanied by significant polarisation. Based on the study of kinetics the possibility of obtaining powders of metal oxide was shown, which further allowed to determine the parameters of the electrolysis process in non-stationary conditions in order to obtain highly dispersed materials based on copper oxides with specific physico-chemical properties.
{"title":"STUDY OF KINETICS OF COPPER OXIDATION BY ELECTROLYSIS UNDER NON-STATIONARY CONDITIONS","authors":"А. Mamyrbekova, А. Mamyrbekova, M. Kassymova, A. Aitbayeva, O. N. Chechina","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.50","url":null,"abstract":"Data on the study of the kinetics and mechanism of copper electro-oxidation -reduction processes in alkaline and neutral solutions were obtained in this work. Patterns of the electrochemical oxidation of copper using alternating current were established. Based on the data of polarisation measurements kinetic parameters were calculated: the heterogeneous rate constant, the effective activation energy of copper electro-oxidation, which allow to establish the course of the metal oxidation process in alkaline and neutral environments and its characteristics. Potentiodynamic measurements in alkaline solutions at a copper anode indicate the formation of Cu2O, CuO и Cu(OH)2. Anodic dissolution of copper in neutral salt solutions includes two main stages: the formation of Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions. It was found that the product of oxidation at high potentials is the Cu(II) ion. The nature of the anion electrolyte affects the rate of copper anodic oxidation, while the process occurs more efficiently in solutions of sulfate and sodium chloride and is accompanied by significant polarisation. Based on the study of kinetics the possibility of obtaining powders of metal oxide was shown, which further allowed to determine the parameters of the electrolysis process in non-stationary conditions in order to obtain highly dispersed materials based on copper oxides with specific physico-chemical properties.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45316396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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