Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.50
А. Mamyrbekova, А. Mamyrbekova, M. Kassymova, A. Aitbayeva, O. N. Chechina
Data on the study of the kinetics and mechanism of copper electro-oxidation -reduction processes in alkaline and neutral solutions were obtained in this work. Patterns of the electrochemical oxidation of copper using alternating current were established. Based on the data of polarisation measurements kinetic parameters were calculated: the heterogeneous rate constant, the effective activation energy of copper electro-oxidation, which allow to establish the course of the metal oxidation process in alkaline and neutral environments and its characteristics. Potentiodynamic measurements in alkaline solutions at a copper anode indicate the formation of Cu2O, CuO и Cu(OH)2. Anodic dissolution of copper in neutral salt solutions includes two main stages: the formation of Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions. It was found that the product of oxidation at high potentials is the Cu(II) ion. The nature of the anion electrolyte affects the rate of copper anodic oxidation, while the process occurs more efficiently in solutions of sulfate and sodium chloride and is accompanied by significant polarisation. Based on the study of kinetics the possibility of obtaining powders of metal oxide was shown, which further allowed to determine the parameters of the electrolysis process in non-stationary conditions in order to obtain highly dispersed materials based on copper oxides with specific physico-chemical properties.
{"title":"STUDY OF KINETICS OF COPPER OXIDATION BY ELECTROLYSIS UNDER NON-STATIONARY CONDITIONS","authors":"А. Mamyrbekova, А. Mamyrbekova, M. Kassymova, A. Aitbayeva, O. N. Chechina","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.50","url":null,"abstract":"Data on the study of the kinetics and mechanism of copper electro-oxidation -reduction processes in alkaline and neutral solutions were obtained in this work. Patterns of the electrochemical oxidation of copper using alternating current were established. Based on the data of polarisation measurements kinetic parameters were calculated: the heterogeneous rate constant, the effective activation energy of copper electro-oxidation, which allow to establish the course of the metal oxidation process in alkaline and neutral environments and its characteristics. Potentiodynamic measurements in alkaline solutions at a copper anode indicate the formation of Cu2O, CuO и Cu(OH)2. Anodic dissolution of copper in neutral salt solutions includes two main stages: the formation of Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions. It was found that the product of oxidation at high potentials is the Cu(II) ion. The nature of the anion electrolyte affects the rate of copper anodic oxidation, while the process occurs more efficiently in solutions of sulfate and sodium chloride and is accompanied by significant polarisation. Based on the study of kinetics the possibility of obtaining powders of metal oxide was shown, which further allowed to determine the parameters of the electrolysis process in non-stationary conditions in order to obtain highly dispersed materials based on copper oxides with specific physico-chemical properties.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45316396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.52
А. Mussina, G. Baitasheva, N. Myrzakhmetova, Zh.A. Tagabergenova, E.P. Gorbulicheva
It has been established that lNH2SO4 solution and distilled water can be used as a protective medium for a long-term storage (30-40 days) of thallium amalgam of eutectic composition (8.6 mas.%), without sliming of its surface and an insignificant change of its concentration. An inverse dependence between the decomposition reaction rate and the ratio of the solution volume per unit of the contact surface (V:S), which corresponds to the height of the liquid layer (h) above the amalgam, is observed. At h ~ 2.5 cm and higher, the reaction rate becomes stabilized. The value of metal loss during its storage for 10-15 days does not exceed 0.5-1.0 mas.% of the initial thallium content in the amalgam. It has been shown that the rate of dissolution of thallium from amalgam is rather low, and in sulfuric acid solution it is only slightly higher than that in water with all S:V ratios. A similar picture is observed upon thallium amalgam decomposition in the same media in an open vessel; the difference consists only in a higher K value (Table 4). Thus, with S:V = 1:2.5, in an open vessel K in lNH2SO4 makes up 10,5.1011 mol/cm2.sec, and in H2O – 7.3.1011 mol/cm2.sec, whereas in a closed vessel K in lNH2SO4 makes up 1,9.1011 mol/cm2. sec, and in H2O – 1.5.1011 mol/cm2.sec. For 40 days of thallium amalgam (8.54 mas.%) storage in 1NH2SO4 the loss of thallium has been 1.3 mas.%, and in the distilled water - 1 mas.%. The quantity of the dissolved metal increases in proportion to the experiment duration, which is characteristic for a zero-order reaction, and this dependence is observed for all S:V ratios from 1:1 to 1:7. Besides, a possibility to use some saturated hydrocarbons, wherein no sliming of thallium amalgam occurs, as a protective wash liquid has been shown.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONDITIONS FOR STORING THALLIUM AMALGAM","authors":"А. Mussina, G. Baitasheva, N. Myrzakhmetova, Zh.A. Tagabergenova, E.P. Gorbulicheva","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.52","url":null,"abstract":"It has been established that lNH2SO4 solution and distilled water can be used as a protective medium for a long-term storage (30-40 days) of thallium amalgam of eutectic composition (8.6 mas.%), without sliming of its surface and an insignificant change of its concentration. An inverse dependence between the decomposition reaction rate and the ratio of the solution volume per unit of the contact surface (V:S), which corresponds to the height of the liquid layer (h) above the amalgam, is observed. At h ~ 2.5 cm and higher, the reaction rate becomes stabilized. The value of metal loss during its storage for 10-15 days does not exceed 0.5-1.0 mas.% of the initial thallium content in the amalgam. It has been shown that the rate of dissolution of thallium from amalgam is rather low, and in sulfuric acid solution it is only slightly higher than that in water with all S:V ratios. A similar picture is observed upon thallium amalgam decomposition in the same media in an open vessel; the difference consists only in a higher K value (Table 4). Thus, with S:V = 1:2.5, in an open vessel K in lNH2SO4 makes up 10,5.1011 mol/cm2.sec, and in H2O – 7.3.1011 mol/cm2.sec, whereas in a closed vessel K in lNH2SO4 makes up 1,9.1011 mol/cm2. sec, and in H2O – 1.5.1011 mol/cm2.sec. For 40 days of thallium amalgam (8.54 mas.%) storage in 1NH2SO4 the loss of thallium has been 1.3 mas.%, and in the distilled water - 1 mas.%. The quantity of the dissolved metal increases in proportion to the experiment duration, which is characteristic for a zero-order reaction, and this dependence is observed for all S:V ratios from 1:1 to 1:7. Besides, a possibility to use some saturated hydrocarbons, wherein no sliming of thallium amalgam occurs, as a protective wash liquid has been shown.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49410228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.36
А. Shunekeyeva, M. Alimardanova, A. Majorov, G. Yeszhanov, O. V. Koltyugina
Fermented milks, which are highly-consumed foods in the world and more nutritious compared to milk, have high contents of proteins, minerals and vitamins. In general, the overall properties of yogurt, such as acidity level, the production of aroma compounds as well as the sensory profile (appearance, color and texture), are important traits which have a decisive role in consumer acceptance of products. Goat milk yogurts were manufactured with the supplementation of 5% cherries, 5% blackthorn fruits, and 5% mixture of two. Yogurts were characterized based on compositional, microbiological and safety properties of the added fruit pulp and sensory analyses during storage (15 d at 5°C). Compared with control samples yogurt made by using fruits and berries had higher protein content and sensory properties, but also higher acidity values. Goat milk yogurts without additions, in particular, had better physical characteristics. Using supplements caused the changing structure of yogurt, leading to higher syneresis values. Yogurt with mixed of two fillers was the best accepted among the yogurts. For the parameters used, a mix of cherries and blackthorn has promising features as suitable ingredients for goat milk yogurt manufacture. The overall acceptability decreases when adding the non-roasted amaranth flour in a product. The main weakness of this study was the paucity of size of our panel (10 people). With a small sample size, caution must be applied, as the findings might not be transferable to show objective data.
{"title":"IMPROVING SENSORY AND QUALITY PROPERTIES OF YOGURTS FROM GOAT’S MILK","authors":"А. Shunekeyeva, M. Alimardanova, A. Majorov, G. Yeszhanov, O. V. Koltyugina","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.36","url":null,"abstract":"Fermented milks, which are highly-consumed foods in the world and more nutritious compared to milk, have high contents of proteins, minerals and vitamins. In general, the overall properties of yogurt, such as acidity level, the production of aroma compounds as well as the sensory profile (appearance, color and texture), are important traits which have a decisive role in consumer acceptance of products. Goat milk yogurts were manufactured with the supplementation of 5% cherries, 5% blackthorn fruits, and 5% mixture of two. Yogurts were characterized based on compositional, microbiological and safety properties of the added fruit pulp and sensory analyses during storage (15 d at 5°C). Compared with control samples yogurt made by using fruits and berries had higher protein content and sensory properties, but also higher acidity values. Goat milk yogurts without additions, in particular, had better physical characteristics. Using supplements caused the changing structure of yogurt, leading to higher syneresis values. Yogurt with mixed of two fillers was the best accepted among the yogurts. For the parameters used, a mix of cherries and blackthorn has promising features as suitable ingredients for goat milk yogurt manufacture. The overall acceptability decreases when adding the non-roasted amaranth flour in a product. The main weakness of this study was the paucity of size of our panel (10 people). With a small sample size, caution must be applied, as the findings might not be transferable to show objective data.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43065090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.39
Z. Tuleshova, G. Baigazieva, E. Askarbekov
Currently, the growth of diseases with diabetes, metabolic disorders, and obesity increases the demand for preventive and functional products. Currently available technologies for the production of preventive products provide for the replacement of sugar with sugar substitutes or its complete absence, which naturally reduces the nutritional and energy value of the products produced. One of the main promising areas of the processing industry is the production of new products and sugar substitutes based on non-traditional types of plant raw materials that have a rich carbohydrate complex in their composition. These types of raw materials among vegetable crops include jerusalem artichoke. Currently, jerusalem artichoke juice is of particular interest for use in the production of soft drinks, as it has a rich chemical composition, which makes Jerusalem artichoke indispensable in dietary nutrition, in the preparation of highly effective medicines. In this article, the chemical composition of tubers and juice-semi-finished products from jerusalem artichoke is investigated. The results of the studies showed that the bulk of the dry substances in jerusalem artichoke tubers are carbohydrates, most of which are represented by fructosides. In the semi-finished juice passes: oligosaccharides 22.54 %, monosaccharides 1.61%, as well as part of the structural polysaccharides-fiber 0.07 %, pectin substances 1.84 %. The change in the fractional composition of the polyphenolic substances of the pulp and semi - finished juice was studied when the pulp was kept for 30 minutes. When developing the technology for the production of juices and beverages based on jerusalem artichoke, it was found that the polyphenolic substances of jerusalem artichoke tubers have a great influence on the technological properties of raw materials, the quality and nutritional value of the finished product. It was found that the enzymatic process of oxidative transformation of polyphenols occurs as much as possible in the first 5-10 minutes.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF POLYPHENOLIC SUBSTANCES OF THE JUICE FROM ARTICHOKE TUBERS","authors":"Z. Tuleshova, G. Baigazieva, E. Askarbekov","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.39","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the growth of diseases with diabetes, metabolic disorders, and obesity increases the demand for preventive and functional products. Currently available technologies for the production of preventive products provide for the replacement of sugar with sugar substitutes or its complete absence, which naturally reduces the nutritional and energy value of the products produced. One of the main promising areas of the processing industry is the production of new products and sugar substitutes based on non-traditional types of plant raw materials that have a rich carbohydrate complex in their composition. These types of raw materials among vegetable crops include jerusalem artichoke. Currently, jerusalem artichoke juice is of particular interest for use in the production of soft drinks, as it has a rich chemical composition, which makes Jerusalem artichoke indispensable in dietary nutrition, in the preparation of highly effective medicines. In this article, the chemical composition of tubers and juice-semi-finished products from jerusalem artichoke is investigated. The results of the studies showed that the bulk of the dry substances in jerusalem artichoke tubers are carbohydrates, most of which are represented by fructosides. In the semi-finished juice passes: oligosaccharides 22.54 %, monosaccharides 1.61%, as well as part of the structural polysaccharides-fiber 0.07 %, pectin substances 1.84 %. The change in the fractional composition of the polyphenolic substances of the pulp and semi - finished juice was studied when the pulp was kept for 30 minutes. When developing the technology for the production of juices and beverages based on jerusalem artichoke, it was found that the polyphenolic substances of jerusalem artichoke tubers have a great influence on the technological properties of raw materials, the quality and nutritional value of the finished product. It was found that the enzymatic process of oxidative transformation of polyphenols occurs as much as possible in the first 5-10 minutes.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"142-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46394956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.25
M. Kalmakhanova, A. Amantaikyzy, J. L. Diaz de Tuesta, G. Seitbekova, A. Darmenbaeva, S. Reimbaeva
Treatment of wastewater by adsorption is one of the most environmentally friendly methods, along with high efficiency. The main criteria when choosing materials for wastewater treatment by adsorption are its adsorption properties, porous structure and cost-effectiveness. Heavy metal ions are the main pollutants present in wastewater from machine-building, non-ferrous metallurgy and instrument-making enterprises, its removal being mandatory employing processes such as adsorption. This work deals with the development of materials based on natural clays and on pillared clays and further application in the the adsorption of Ni (II), used as model pollutant, from aqueous solution. The starting natural clay (montmorillonite) was obtained in a deposit of Kazakhstan (Asa), and two additional samples were prepared by treatment of the natural clay with acid and by pillarization with Fe2+ and Zn2+. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to explore the effect of pH, adsorbent load, contact time and the initial ion concentrations of Ni (II) in the adsorption of the heavy metal from aqueous solution with the three adsorbent samples. A maximum removal of Ni (II) of 98.9% was achieved at pH 10 with a dose of adsorbent of 2 g/L, a contact time of 120 min and an initial concentration of metal ions of 50 mg/L, when considering the Asa natural clay.
{"title":"NEW ADSORBENTS DEVELOPED FROM NATURAL CLAYS TO REMOVE NI (II) FROM WASTEWATER","authors":"M. Kalmakhanova, A. Amantaikyzy, J. L. Diaz de Tuesta, G. Seitbekova, A. Darmenbaeva, S. Reimbaeva","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.25","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of wastewater by adsorption is one of the most environmentally friendly methods, along with high efficiency. The main criteria when choosing materials for wastewater treatment by adsorption are its adsorption properties, porous structure and cost-effectiveness. Heavy metal ions are the main pollutants present in wastewater from machine-building, non-ferrous metallurgy and instrument-making enterprises, its removal being mandatory employing processes such as adsorption. This work deals with the development of materials based on natural clays and on pillared clays and further application in the the adsorption of Ni (II), used as model pollutant, from aqueous solution. The starting natural clay (montmorillonite) was obtained in a deposit of Kazakhstan (Asa), and two additional samples were prepared by treatment of the natural clay with acid and by pillarization with Fe2+ and Zn2+. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to explore the effect of pH, adsorbent load, contact time and the initial ion concentrations of Ni (II) in the adsorption of the heavy metal from aqueous solution with the three adsorbent samples. A maximum removal of Ni (II) of 98.9% was achieved at pH 10 with a dose of adsorbent of 2 g/L, a contact time of 120 min and an initial concentration of metal ions of 50 mg/L, when considering the Asa natural clay.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47588077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.38
A. Makenova, A. Kekibaeva
The preparation of soft drinks is an actively developing branch of the food industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To meet the interests of all producers, the enterprises annually produce a large number of non-alcoholic products. To maintain a healthy competition of the enterprise for preparation of soft drinks, create and apply the technology not previously known and expand the assortment of products annually. One of the most popular segments of this market is kvass. This is mainly due to the fact that all over the world there is an increasing demand for products made from natural raw materials, prepared without the addition of any synthetic additives and ingredients. In recent years, there has been an active increase in the consumption of kvass and its replacement with a large share of the market of carbonated soft drinks. The domestic kvass market is very rich and diverse, but there is a problem with the lack of functional drinks for certain groups of citizens. Creating a wide range of functional food products, including beverages, is becoming feasible. At the same time, in the production of kvass, it is important to use non-traditional raw materials, including buckwheat, the introduction of which in the kvass technology allows you to significantly expand the product range. A distinctive feature of buckwheat, which determines the prospects for use in the production of kvass, is its chemical composition. It is rich in vitamins and is considered an important source of antioxidants due to its high concentration of flavonoids. Buckwheat contains rutin, quercetin, folic acid, quercitrin, hyperoside. Thus, the replacement of barley malt with buckwheat contributes to an increase in the proportion of natural flavonoids in the drink, and therefore in the human diet. In this article, studies have been conducted to study the effect of the dose of buckwheat, buckwheat flakes, buckwheat malt and methods of their pretreatment on the effectiveness of the mashing process, when using it as an unsalted material. Buckwheat grains, buckwheat flakes and buckwheat malt were used in the work. Studies of mashing modes and indicators that determine their effectiveness have shown that the use of buckwheat malt in the backfill is more optimal than buckwheat grain. Studies have shown that the most economical and promising when using extruded buckwheat flakes as an unsalted material is the use of a single-boil mashing mode. However, the use of such raw materials is possible in concentrations not exceeding 30% of the backfill. If you need to increase the proportion of buckwheat in the backfill, you should use buckwheat malt. In this case, it is necessary to apply a mashing mode with intermittent heating, which is likely to compensate for the cost of producing malt from buckwheat grain.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODE OF MASHING KVASS BASED ON BUCKWHEAT RAW MATERIALS","authors":"A. Makenova, A. Kekibaeva","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.38","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation of soft drinks is an actively developing branch of the food industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To meet the interests of all producers, the enterprises annually produce a large number of non-alcoholic products. To maintain a healthy competition of the enterprise for preparation of soft drinks, create and apply the technology not previously known and expand the assortment of products annually. One of the most popular segments of this market is kvass. This is mainly due to the fact that all over the world there is an increasing demand for products made from natural raw materials, prepared without the addition of any synthetic additives and ingredients. In recent years, there has been an active increase in the consumption of kvass and its replacement with a large share of the market of carbonated soft drinks. The domestic kvass market is very rich and diverse, but there is a problem with the lack of functional drinks for certain groups of citizens. Creating a wide range of functional food products, including beverages, is becoming feasible. At the same time, in the production of kvass, it is important to use non-traditional raw materials, including buckwheat, the introduction of which in the kvass technology allows you to significantly expand the product range. A distinctive feature of buckwheat, which determines the prospects for use in the production of kvass, is its chemical composition. It is rich in vitamins and is considered an important source of antioxidants due to its high concentration of flavonoids. Buckwheat contains rutin, quercetin, folic acid, quercitrin, hyperoside. Thus, the replacement of barley malt with buckwheat contributes to an increase in the proportion of natural flavonoids in the drink, and therefore in the human diet. In this article, studies have been conducted to study the effect of the dose of buckwheat, buckwheat flakes, buckwheat malt and methods of their pretreatment on the effectiveness of the mashing process, when using it as an unsalted material. Buckwheat grains, buckwheat flakes and buckwheat malt were used in the work. Studies of mashing modes and indicators that determine their effectiveness have shown that the use of buckwheat malt in the backfill is more optimal than buckwheat grain. Studies have shown that the most economical and promising when using extruded buckwheat flakes as an unsalted material is the use of a single-boil mashing mode. However, the use of such raw materials is possible in concentrations not exceeding 30% of the backfill. If you need to increase the proportion of buckwheat in the backfill, you should use buckwheat malt. In this case, it is necessary to apply a mashing mode with intermittent heating, which is likely to compensate for the cost of producing malt from buckwheat grain.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42006181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.28
N. Appazov, B. Diyarova, B. Bazarbayev, T. Assylbekkyzy, S. A. Kanzhar, B. Dzhiembaev
This article examines the effect of lignosulfonate binding of rice waste to oil waste to obtain activated carbon. Lignosulfonate was added to the mixture to produce briquetted activated carbon by processing rice residue (husk and straw) and oil sludge together. The mixture was carbonized and activated in a BR-12 NFT series high-temperature vacuum tube furnace with a length of 300 mm and a diameter of 60 mm and a heating section length of 200 mm in a quartz glass tube. Briquettes obtained by adding rice waste (husks and straw), oil sludge and lignosulfonate were placed in the kiln. Carbonation was carried out at a temperature of 500°C, activation was carried out at a temperature of 850°C in a ratio of 2: 1 with water vapor. The effect of the relationship of the addition of lignosulfonate binder to rice residue and oil sludge on the product properties was studied. The optimal ratio of co-treatment of the mixture was found in the ratio of rice residue: oil sludge: lignosulfonate = 9: 1: 2 (by weight). The adsorption activity of the obtained product on iodine, the total volume of pores on water, the mass fraction of moisture, the adsorption activity on methylene blue and the bulk density were studied. Activated carbon obtained from both rice straw and rice husk has high sorption properties. According to the results of experimental studies, activated carbon obtained by adding lignosulfonate to rice straw and oil sludge in a ratio of 9: 1: 2 corresponds to the brands BAС-A, WAC, BAC-Au.
{"title":"RICE STRAW AND HUSK OIL SLUDGE FOR PROCESSING THROUGH THE USE OF LIGNOSULFONATE AS A BINDER WITH ACTIVATED CHARCOAL","authors":"N. Appazov, B. Diyarova, B. Bazarbayev, T. Assylbekkyzy, S. A. Kanzhar, B. Dzhiembaev","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.28","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the effect of lignosulfonate binding of rice waste to oil waste to obtain activated carbon. Lignosulfonate was added to the mixture to produce briquetted activated carbon by processing rice residue (husk and straw) and oil sludge together. The mixture was carbonized and activated in a BR-12 NFT series high-temperature vacuum tube furnace with a length of 300 mm and a diameter of 60 mm and a heating section length of 200 mm in a quartz glass tube. Briquettes obtained by adding rice waste (husks and straw), oil sludge and lignosulfonate were placed in the kiln. Carbonation was carried out at a temperature of 500°C, activation was carried out at a temperature of 850°C in a ratio of 2: 1 with water vapor. The effect of the relationship of the addition of lignosulfonate binder to rice residue and oil sludge on the product properties was studied. The optimal ratio of co-treatment of the mixture was found in the ratio of rice residue: oil sludge: lignosulfonate = 9: 1: 2 (by weight). The adsorption activity of the obtained product on iodine, the total volume of pores on water, the mass fraction of moisture, the adsorption activity on methylene blue and the bulk density were studied. Activated carbon obtained from both rice straw and rice husk has high sorption properties. According to the results of experimental studies, activated carbon obtained by adding lignosulfonate to rice straw and oil sludge in a ratio of 9: 1: 2 corresponds to the brands BAС-A, WAC, BAC-Au.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46383534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.19
А. Таkibayeva, A. A. Amirchan, A. T. Kalkenova, I. Kulakov
The work is devoted to the chemical studying of the composition of flavonoids of Populus balsamifera, the isolation of individual compounds, and the establishment of their structure. Balsamic poplar plants are a promising source of many biologically active substances, and in particular, flavonoids. From the buds of Populus balsamifera L. identified four flavonoids with antifungal, antimicrobial antioxidant properties and hepatoprotective activity. Data of flavonoids were isolated by extraction on the soxlet apparatus with 95% ethanol by triple thermal extraction at a temperature of 60 °C, followed by thickening on a rotary evaporator. For isolation from the buds of balsamic poplar, the resulting extract was chromatographed on a column with silica gel of the KSK brand 0.31-0.63 microns, using petroleum ether as eluents petroleum ether-ethyl acetate in various ratios and ethyl acetate. The structure of the isolated compounds was determined by IR, UV, NMR 13C, 1H spectroscopy. The biological activity of the isolated flavonoids was also studied.
{"title":"FLAVONOIDS OF POPULUS BALSAMIFERA PLANTS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY","authors":"А. Таkibayeva, A. A. Amirchan, A. T. Kalkenova, I. Kulakov","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.19","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the chemical studying of the composition of flavonoids of Populus balsamifera, the isolation of individual compounds, and the establishment of their structure. Balsamic poplar plants are a promising source of many biologically active substances, and in particular, flavonoids. From the buds of Populus balsamifera L. identified four flavonoids with antifungal, antimicrobial antioxidant properties and hepatoprotective activity. Data of flavonoids were isolated by extraction on the soxlet apparatus with 95% ethanol by triple thermal extraction at a temperature of 60 °C, followed by thickening on a rotary evaporator. For isolation from the buds of balsamic poplar, the resulting extract was chromatographed on a column with silica gel of the KSK brand 0.31-0.63 microns, using petroleum ether as eluents petroleum ether-ethyl acetate in various ratios and ethyl acetate. The structure of the isolated compounds was determined by IR, UV, NMR 13C, 1H spectroscopy. The biological activity of the isolated flavonoids was also studied.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44289247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.32014/2021.2518-1491.8
N. Appazov, B. Bazarbayev, T. Assylbekkyzy, B. Diyarova, S. A. Kanzhar, S. Magauiya, R. Zhapparbergenov, N. Akylbekov, B. Duisembekov
This paper presents the results of research on obtaining biochar from agricultural plant waste such as rice husk and straw. The selection of the optimal conditions for thermolysis, such as the duration and temperature of the process, has been conducted. The thermolysis products are characterized for iodine adsorption activity, cumulative water pore volume, and for bulk density. The porous structure of the obtained products has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results of the research conducted, it has been found that biochars obtained from husk and straw with a thermolysis duration of 30 minutes have low iodine sorption characteristics and water pore volumes. With an increase in the duration of thermolysis, the sorption characteristics improve, the optimal for the husk is the thermolysis duration of 60 minutes at a temperature of 500°C, and for straw, the optimal thermolysis duration is 60 minutes at a temperature of 300°C. The best option is biochar obtained from rice straw at a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 300°C, having an iodine adsorption activity of 54.61%, a cumulative water pore volume of 0.941 cm3/g and a bulk density of 169.29 g/dm3. The obtained biochars from rice husk and straw have been studied by scanning electron microscopy at 4300 and 5000 times magnification, and they have a developed porous structure. According to the literature, it is known that biochar can also be used as a renewable energy source. Research has been carried out to determine the calorific value of the obtained biochars. To compare the calorific value of rice husk, straw and the obtained biochars, their heating values have been determined on a calorimeter. The highest heating value has a biochar obtained from husk at a duration of 60 minutes and at a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 17.520 kJ/g, the optimal for biochar obtained from straw is a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 16.451 kJ/g. The experimental data obtained make it possible to use the obtained biochar from rice straw in the future as a biofertilizer to improve the characteristics of soils, as well as to use biochar obtained from rice husk to produce renewable fuel.
{"title":"OBTAINING BIOCHAR FROM RICE HUSK AND STRAW","authors":"N. Appazov, B. Bazarbayev, T. Assylbekkyzy, B. Diyarova, S. A. Kanzhar, S. Magauiya, R. Zhapparbergenov, N. Akylbekov, B. Duisembekov","doi":"10.32014/2021.2518-1491.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of research on obtaining biochar from agricultural plant waste such as rice husk and straw. The selection of the optimal conditions for thermolysis, such as the duration and temperature of the process, has been conducted. The thermolysis products are characterized for iodine adsorption activity, cumulative water pore volume, and for bulk density. The porous structure of the obtained products has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results of the research conducted, it has been found that biochars obtained from husk and straw with a thermolysis duration of 30 minutes have low iodine sorption characteristics and water pore volumes. With an increase in the duration of thermolysis, the sorption characteristics improve, the optimal for the husk is the thermolysis duration of 60 minutes at a temperature of 500°C, and for straw, the optimal thermolysis duration is 60 minutes at a temperature of 300°C. The best option is biochar obtained from rice straw at a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 300°C, having an iodine adsorption activity of 54.61%, a cumulative water pore volume of 0.941 cm3/g and a bulk density of 169.29 g/dm3. The obtained biochars from rice husk and straw have been studied by scanning electron microscopy at 4300 and 5000 times magnification, and they have a developed porous structure.\u0000According to the literature, it is known that biochar can also be used as a renewable energy source. Research has been carried out to determine the calorific value of the obtained biochars. To compare the calorific value of rice husk, straw and the obtained biochars, their heating values have been determined on a calorimeter. The highest heating value has a biochar obtained from husk at a duration of 60 minutes and at a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 17.520 kJ/g, the optimal for biochar obtained from straw is a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 16.451 kJ/g.\u0000The experimental data obtained make it possible to use the obtained biochar from rice straw in the future as a biofertilizer to improve the characteristics of soils, as well as to use biochar obtained from rice husk to produce renewable fuel.","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48466821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.32014/2020.2518-1491.94
К.M. Umbetkaliyeva, G. Vassilina, А.К. Abdrassilova, А.R. Khaiyrgeldinova, Т.К. Vassilina, Zh.Y. Zakirov, М.Kh. Taliyeva, А.К. Kaldybayeva
In the article, the synthesis of mesoporous aluminosilicates was carried out according to the developed methods, in which tetraethylorthosilicate Si(OC2H5)4 was used as a source of silicon, secondary aluminum butoxide (sec-BuO)3Al and aluminum triisopropoxide Al(i-OPr)3 were used as aluminum's sources. The synthesis of mesostructured aluminosilicate is based on the method of copolycondensation of silicon and aluminum sources in the presence of alcohol. Hexadecylamine (HDA, C16H33NH2) was used as a template for the formation of a porous structure. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized structured mesoporous aluminosilicates have been studied. It was found that the synthesized materials MAS-1 and MAS-2 possess high specific surface area from 511 to 1170.0 m2/g. The presence of a mesoporous and ordered structure in the synthesized aluminosilicates is confirmed by the data of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction and FT-IR. To determine the relative strength of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites on the surface of mesoporous aluminosilicates, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) of adsorbed pyridine samples was carried out. DRIFT analysis data demonstrated a majority of Lewis acid sites on the surface of the synthesized materials. We are currently studying the possibility of applying these materials as acidic components of bifunctional catalysts for petrochemical N E W S OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY ISSN 2224-5286 https://doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1491.94 Volume 6, Number 444 (2020), 22 – 29 UDC 665.64.097.3 MRNTI 61.51.17, 61.51.19 К.M. Umbetkaliyeva1,2, G.K. Vassilina1,2, А.К. Abdrassilova1 , А.R. Khaiyrgeldinova2, Т.К. Vassilina2,3, Zh.Y. Zakirov1, М.Kh. Taliyeva2 , А.К. Kaldybayeva2 1al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 2SRIfor New Chemical Technologies and Materials, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 3Кazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty, Kazakhstan. E-mail: kamilla.u.m21@mail.ru, v_gulzira@mail.ru, albina06.07@mail.ru, asyltas_2008@mail.ru, v_tursunai@mail.ru, abuzhassulan@gmail.com, taliyevamadina@gmail.com, kaldybayeva.assylai@gmail.com SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MESOPOROUS ALUMINOSILICATES Abstract. In the article, the synthesis of mesoporous aluminosilicates was carried out according to the developed methods, in which tetraethylorthosilicate Si(OC2H5)4 was used as a source of silicon, secondary aluminum butoxide (sec-BuO)3Al and aluminum triisopropoxide Al(i-OPr)3 were used as aluminum's sources. The synthesis of mesostructured aluminosilicate is based on the method of copolycondensation of silicon and aluminum sources in the presence of alcohol. Hexadecylamine (HDA, C16H33NH2) was used as a template for the formation of a porous structure. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized structured mesoporous aluminosilicates have been studied. It was found that
本文以正硅酸四乙酯Si（OC2H5）4为硅源，仲丁醇铝（仲丁醇）3Al和三异丙氧基铝Al（i-OPr）3为铝源，按照所开发的方法合成了中孔硅铝酸盐。中孔结构硅铝酸盐的合成是基于硅和铝源在醇存在下的共聚方法。使用十六烷基胺（HDA，C16H33NH2）作为形成多孔结构的模板。研究了合成的结构介孔硅铝酸盐的物理化学特性。研究发现，合成的材料MAS-1和MAS-2具有从511到1170.0m2/g的高比表面积。低温氮吸附/脱附、X射线衍射和FT-IR数据证实了合成的硅铝酸盐中存在介孔有序结构。为了测定介孔铝硅酸盐表面Brønsted和Lewis酸位点的相对强度，对吸附吡啶样品进行了漫反射红外傅立叶变换光谱（DRIFT）。DRIFT分析数据表明，合成材料表面存在大部分路易斯酸位点。我们目前正在研究将这些材料用作哈萨克斯坦共和国国家科学院化学与技术系列ISSN 2224-5286石化N E W S双功能催化剂酸性组分的可能性https://doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1491.94第6卷，编号444（2020），22-29 UDC 665.64.097.3 MRNTI 61.51.17，61.51.19К.M.Umbetkaliyeva1,2，G.K.Vassilina 1,2，А.К.Abdrassilova1，А.R.Khaiyrgeldinova 2，Т.К.Vassilina2,3，Zh.Y.Zakirov1，М.Kh.Taliyeva2，А.К.Kaldybayeva2 1al Farabi哈萨克国立大学，哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图；2SRIforNewChemicalTechnologiesandMaterials，哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图；3Кazakh国立农业大学，哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图。电子邮件：kamilla.u.m21@mail.ru，v_gulzira@mail.ru，albina06.07@mail.ru，asyltas_2008@mail.ru，v_tursunai@mail.ru，abuzhassulan@gmail.com，taliyevamadina@gmail.com，kaldybayeva.assylai@gmail.com中孔硅酸铝的合成及其理化性质摘要。本文以正硅酸四乙酯Si（OC2H5）4为硅源，仲丁醇铝（仲丁醇）3Al和三异丙氧基铝Al（i-OPr）3为铝源，按照所开发的方法合成了中孔硅铝酸盐。中孔结构硅铝酸盐的合成是基于硅和铝源在醇存在下的共聚方法。使用十六烷基胺（HDA，C16H33NH2）作为形成多孔结构的模板。研究了合成的结构介孔硅铝酸盐的物理化学特性。研究发现，合成的材料MAS-1和MAS-2具有从511到1170.0m2/g的高比表面积。低温氮吸附/脱附、X射线衍射和FT-IR数据证实了合成的硅铝酸盐中存在介孔有序结构。为了测定介孔铝硅酸盐表面Brønsted和Lewis酸位点的相对强度，对吸附吡啶样品进行了漫反射红外傅立叶变换光谱（DRIFT）。DRIFT分析数据表明，合成材料表面存在大部分路易斯酸位点。我们目前正在研究将这些材料用作石化过程中双功能催化剂的酸性组分的可能性。
{"title":"SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MESOPOROUS ALUMINOSILICATES","authors":"К.M. Umbetkaliyeva, G. Vassilina, А.К. Abdrassilova, А.R. Khaiyrgeldinova, Т.К. Vassilina, Zh.Y. Zakirov, М.Kh. Taliyeva, А.К. Kaldybayeva","doi":"10.32014/2020.2518-1491.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1491.94","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the synthesis of mesoporous aluminosilicates was carried out according to the developed methods, in which tetraethylorthosilicate Si(OC2H5)4 was used as a source of silicon, secondary aluminum butoxide (sec-BuO)3Al and aluminum triisopropoxide Al(i-OPr)3 were used as aluminum's sources. The synthesis of mesostructured aluminosilicate is based on the method of copolycondensation of silicon and aluminum sources in the presence of alcohol. Hexadecylamine (HDA, C16H33NH2) was used as a template for the formation of a porous structure. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized structured mesoporous aluminosilicates have been studied. It was found that the synthesized materials MAS-1 and MAS-2 possess high specific surface area from 511 to 1170.0 m2/g. The presence of a mesoporous and ordered structure in the synthesized aluminosilicates is confirmed by the data of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction and FT-IR. To determine the relative strength of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites on the surface of mesoporous aluminosilicates, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) of adsorbed pyridine samples was carried out. DRIFT analysis data demonstrated a majority of Lewis acid sites on the surface of the synthesized materials. We are currently studying the possibility of applying these materials as acidic components of bifunctional catalysts for petrochemical N E W S OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY ISSN 2224-5286 https://doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1491.94 Volume 6, Number 444 (2020), 22 – 29 UDC 665.64.097.3 MRNTI 61.51.17, 61.51.19 К.M. Umbetkaliyeva1,2, G.K. Vassilina1,2, А.К. Abdrassilova1 , А.R. Khaiyrgeldinova2, Т.К. Vassilina2,3, Zh.Y. Zakirov1, М.Kh. Taliyeva2 , А.К. Kaldybayeva2 1al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 2SRIfor New Chemical Technologies and Materials, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 3Кazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty, Kazakhstan. E-mail: kamilla.u.m21@mail.ru, v_gulzira@mail.ru, albina06.07@mail.ru, asyltas_2008@mail.ru, v_tursunai@mail.ru, abuzhassulan@gmail.com, taliyevamadina@gmail.com, kaldybayeva.assylai@gmail.com SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MESOPOROUS ALUMINOSILICATES Abstract. In the article, the synthesis of mesoporous aluminosilicates was carried out according to the developed methods, in which tetraethylorthosilicate Si(OC2H5)4 was used as a source of silicon, secondary aluminum butoxide (sec-BuO)3Al and aluminum triisopropoxide Al(i-OPr)3 were used as aluminum's sources. The synthesis of mesostructured aluminosilicate is based on the method of copolycondensation of silicon and aluminum sources in the presence of alcohol. Hexadecylamine (HDA, C16H33NH2) was used as a template for the formation of a porous structure. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized structured mesoporous aluminosilicates have been studied. It was found that","PeriodicalId":43167,"journal":{"name":"News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series Chemistry and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48504909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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