Since historical times, the climate of the earth has been changing. In terms of diversity and population, India is a vast country. Any significant change in its climatic conditions can have an impact on the country’s entire economic and cultural structure. Temperature is the most important variable when focussing on climate change study. This study aims to recognise the changing trend of temperature in India. For this purpose, temperature data from 1901 to 2020 has been analysed. To find out the variability in temperature, various statistical tools were applied. The Mann-Kendall method has been used along with Sen’s slope estimator for determining the trend and slope magnitude. ARIMA modelling is applied to the data series to forecast the temperature trend. The study has shown that variability in temperature is increasing in recent years and the temperature trend is increasing in all the months, especially in the cold months of November, December and January. The average annual temperature of India in the year has increased significantly in the past 120 years. The trend analysis of temperature is tested significantly statistically at a 95% confidence level.
{"title":"Forecast Modeling and Trend Analysis of Temperature in India","authors":"M. Meena","doi":"10.3233/jcc220019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220019","url":null,"abstract":"Since historical times, the climate of the earth has been changing. In terms of diversity and population, India is a vast country. Any significant change in its climatic conditions can have an impact on the country’s entire economic and cultural structure. Temperature is the most important variable when focussing on climate change study. This study aims to recognise the changing trend of temperature in India. For this purpose, temperature data from 1901 to 2020 has been analysed. To find out the variability in temperature, various statistical tools were applied. The Mann-Kendall method has been used along with Sen’s slope estimator for determining the trend and slope magnitude. ARIMA modelling is applied to the data series to forecast the temperature trend. The study has shown that variability in temperature is increasing in recent years and the temperature trend is increasing in all the months, especially in the cold months of November, December and January. The average annual temperature of India in the year has increased significantly in the past 120 years. The trend analysis of temperature is tested significantly statistically at a 95% confidence level.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85574219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultivation of rice is widely practiced throughout the world as rice is a staple food for half of the world’s population. However, the emission of methane (CH4) is an issue associated with the cultivation of rice. Many reports on the level of CH4 emission after treatment of different kinds of organic materials in paddy fields were reported. It was observed that the application of a combination of tested locally available compost along with inorganic NPK fertilisers effectively reduced the rate of emission of CH4. Intermittent wetting and drying in addition to the combined application of compost and NPK fertilisers will help in reducing the emission of CH4 up to 40 to 45%. To undertake an intermittent drainage system is a difficult step for the farmers to implement as it has extra cost and labour. Therefore, lawmakers should initiate steps to help farmers in order to reduce the emission of CH4 from paddy fields.
{"title":"Emission of Methane From Wetland Paddy Fields: A Review","authors":"Naorem Twinkle Devi, Angom Sarjubala Devi, Khoiyangbam Raju Singh","doi":"10.3233/jcc220017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220017","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivation of rice is widely practiced throughout the world as rice is a staple food for half of the world’s population. However, the emission of methane (CH4) is an issue associated with the cultivation of rice. Many reports on the level of CH4 emission after treatment of different kinds of organic materials in paddy fields were reported. It was observed that the application of a combination of tested locally available compost along with inorganic NPK fertilisers effectively reduced the rate of emission of CH4. Intermittent wetting and drying in addition to the combined application of compost and NPK fertilisers will help in reducing the emission of CH4 up to 40 to 45%. To undertake an intermittent drainage system is a difficult step for the farmers to implement as it has extra cost and labour. Therefore, lawmakers should initiate steps to help farmers in order to reduce the emission of CH4 from paddy fields.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85282176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several studies argued that the inclination of individuals to participate in activities aiming at environmental conservation emanates from their degree of awareness of the existing problem. Hence, this study examined the level of awareness of students of Batanes State College, Philippines, towards climate change and compare their knowledge to the individual backgrounds. The researchers used a survey questionnaire as the primary tool for gathering data. Mean and percentage were used to describe the profile of the respondents and their awareness of climate change while Chi-Square Test was used to determine the significant difference in the awareness of the respondents in terms of their profile. The results showed that the students demonstrated a moderate level of awareness of the occurrences, causes and consequences of climate change. When compared against their personal backgrounds, the result revealed that there is no significant difference in their level of climate change awareness. This moderate level of awareness towards climate change, despite the harsh weather conditions frequently experienced in Batanes, calls for intensifying the school’s efforts in raising awareness of the occurrence, consequences, and causes of climate change. Consequently, these actions will eventually improve the attitude and behaviour of the students to take active participation in the protection of the environment.
{"title":"Environmental Education of Students Pursuing Higher Education: Probing on Climate Change Awareness","authors":"Jane Salvador Castillo, Bryan M. Nozaleda","doi":"10.3233/jcc220020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220020","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies argued that the inclination of individuals to participate in activities aiming at environmental conservation emanates from their degree of awareness of the existing problem. Hence, this study examined the level of awareness of students of Batanes State College, Philippines, towards climate change and compare their knowledge to the individual backgrounds. The researchers used a survey questionnaire as the primary tool for gathering data. Mean and percentage were used to describe the profile of the respondents and their awareness of climate change while Chi-Square Test was used to determine the significant difference in the awareness of the respondents in terms of their profile. The results showed that the students demonstrated a moderate level of awareness of the occurrences, causes and consequences of climate change. When compared against their personal backgrounds, the result revealed that there is no significant difference in their level of climate change awareness. This moderate level of awareness towards climate change, despite the harsh weather conditions frequently experienced in Batanes, calls for intensifying the school’s efforts in raising awareness of the occurrence, consequences, and causes of climate change. Consequently, these actions will eventually improve the attitude and behaviour of the students to take active participation in the protection of the environment.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79459369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Managing the increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in cities across India has increasingly become a challenge for Pollution Control Boards and Civic Authorities. The increasing population of Delhi has led to overflowing landfills that contaminate groundwater and release tonnes of greenhouse gases. Lately, waste to energy (WtE) plants have emerged as the preferred option in Delhi for waste processing but their adoption has been marred with public disapproval, emission violations and below-par energy production. This study quantifies the climate impact and investigates the financial feasibility of incineration based WtE units in Delhi. The Climate Impact estimates the Greenhouse Gas emissions of WtE Incinerators and compares them with the GHG emissions avoided via Electricity Generation and Landfilling. For Feasibility Analysis, the cost and revenue streams data were estimated to find out Net Present Values for the project lifecycle and Break-even Periods. The climate impact of all 3 WtE plants came out to be positive, with the Bawana WtE leading at 468,041 tonnes of CO2-eq release. The Net Present Value after 20 years for Ghazipur, Bawana and Okhla WtE was at INR 594 million, 7541 million and 8965 million and break-even period was 12, 6, and 3 years, respectively. We conclude the study with policy recommendations & technical improvements aimed at improving feasibility, increasing renewable energy outputs and reducing the GHG emissions of WtE plants.
{"title":"Climate Impact and Feasibility Analysis of Incineration Based Waste-to-Energy Plants in Delhi","authors":"S.K. Singh, Adarsh Chawla, Satvik Chhabra, Mahima","doi":"10.3233/jcc220022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220022","url":null,"abstract":"Managing the increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in cities across India has increasingly become a challenge for Pollution Control Boards and Civic Authorities. The increasing population of Delhi has led to overflowing landfills that contaminate groundwater and release tonnes of greenhouse gases. Lately, waste to energy (WtE) plants have emerged as the preferred option in Delhi for waste processing but their adoption has been marred with public disapproval, emission violations and below-par energy production. This study quantifies the climate impact and investigates the financial feasibility of incineration based WtE units in Delhi. The Climate Impact estimates the Greenhouse Gas emissions of WtE Incinerators and compares them with the GHG emissions avoided via Electricity Generation and Landfilling. For Feasibility Analysis, the cost and revenue streams data were estimated to find out Net Present Values for the project lifecycle and Break-even Periods. The climate impact of all 3 WtE plants came out to be positive, with the Bawana WtE leading at 468,041 tonnes of CO2-eq release. The Net Present Value after 20 years for Ghazipur, Bawana and Okhla WtE was at INR 594 million, 7541 million and 8965 million and break-even period was 12, 6, and 3 years, respectively. We conclude the study with policy recommendations & technical improvements aimed at improving feasibility, increasing renewable energy outputs and reducing the GHG emissions of WtE plants.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78422573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research synthesises two evaluations of a local level climate change adaptation and planning process in the southernmost coastal region, Kanyakumari, India which was supported through community-based appraisals. First, understanding the public perception of climate change factors is crucial in generating support for climate change response. Second, generating enough grass-root level support from the local population to assess the long-term climate change impacts on decision-making to design the adaptation strategies for sea-level rise. These two results highlight the level of understanding and awareness of climate change’s impact by the local population in the coastal region of Kanyakumari. A well-designed questionnaire with structured interviews, to collect data on local knowledge and local perception of climate change and sea-level rise from 100 respondents was distributed each in 44 coastal villages in the study area. The finding showed that 20.7% of the local population have knowledge of climate change and its impacts and 18.4% of the population agreed that the impact of sea-level rise is experienced in the coastal region. This study is to provide insight into the communities’ knowledge of the adaptive capacity of the local population to cope with climate change towards the treaty of sea-level rise.
{"title":"Local Knowledge of Coastal Population to Sea Level Rise and Climate Change – A Case Study in Fishermen Community, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Yoganandan Veeran, R.S. John Bose, S. Kandasamy","doi":"10.3233/jcc220011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220011","url":null,"abstract":"This research synthesises two evaluations of a local level climate change adaptation and planning process in the southernmost coastal region, Kanyakumari, India which was supported through community-based appraisals. First, understanding the public perception of climate change factors is crucial in generating support for climate change response. Second, generating enough grass-root level support from the local population to assess the long-term climate change impacts on decision-making to design the adaptation strategies for sea-level rise. These two results highlight the level of understanding and awareness of climate change’s impact by the local population in the coastal region of Kanyakumari. A well-designed questionnaire with structured interviews, to collect data on local knowledge and local perception of climate change and sea-level rise from 100 respondents was distributed each in 44 coastal villages in the study area. The finding showed that 20.7% of the local population have knowledge of climate change and its impacts and 18.4% of the population agreed that the impact of sea-level rise is experienced in the coastal region. This study is to provide insight into the communities’ knowledge of the adaptive capacity of the local population to cope with climate change towards the treaty of sea-level rise.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82846642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Premkumar, T. Kongeswaran, K. Sivakumar, A. Muruganantham, R. Muthuramalingam, S. Chandramohan, M. Vasanthavigar
The historical shoreline changes from 1980 to 2020 along the Manamelkudi coast is studied using toposheet, satellite time-series Landsat data, and observed data. An attempt is made to recognise possible factors which are responsible for shoreline changes and spit growth at south Manamelkudi coast (Palk Strait), Eastern part of Pudukkottai district, Tamilnadu. During 1980–2020, the regions showed distinct spatio-temporal variability, which is discussed in relation to spit evolution and shoreline changes. The study also generated a long-term (1980-2020) shoreline change statistics (EPR, LRR, SCE and NSM, WLR) using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) at every 150 m interval for the Manamelkudi coast covering 42 km, identified the erosion and accretion and divide the shoreline into different classes of erosion and accretion. Identified lengths of shoreline with high erosion, low erosion, stable, low accretion and high accretion are, respectively, based on LRR. The results indicate that spit evolution is predominant along the Manamelkudi coast, with the highest percentage of erosion and accretion.
{"title":"Spit Evolution and Shoreline Changes Along Manamelkudi Coast Using Geo-Spatial Techniques and Statistical Approach","authors":"M. Premkumar, T. Kongeswaran, K. Sivakumar, A. Muruganantham, R. Muthuramalingam, S. Chandramohan, M. Vasanthavigar","doi":"10.3233/jcc220014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220014","url":null,"abstract":"The historical shoreline changes from 1980 to 2020 along the Manamelkudi coast is studied using toposheet, satellite time-series Landsat data, and observed data. An attempt is made to recognise possible factors which are responsible for shoreline changes and spit growth at south Manamelkudi coast (Palk Strait), Eastern part of Pudukkottai district, Tamilnadu. During 1980–2020, the regions showed distinct spatio-temporal variability, which is discussed in relation to spit evolution and shoreline changes. The study also generated a long-term (1980-2020) shoreline change statistics (EPR, LRR, SCE and NSM, WLR) using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) at every 150 m interval for the Manamelkudi coast covering 42 km, identified the erosion and accretion and divide the shoreline into different classes of erosion and accretion. Identified lengths of shoreline with high erosion, low erosion, stable, low accretion and high accretion are, respectively, based on LRR. The results indicate that spit evolution is predominant along the Manamelkudi coast, with the highest percentage of erosion and accretion.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86143861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Pereira, Gurugnanam Balasubramanian, C. Sabarathinam, S. Goswami, Bairavi Swaminathan
There are drastic variations in the intensity and the pattern of rainfall and temperature globally. The variations thus reflect the variation in the microclimatic signatures. The current study aims to assess the climatic changes in the coastal region of Ramanathapuram using the monthly rainfall and temperature average along the coastal region. The microscale rainfall and temperature trend have been analysed for three decades (30 years), representing 1990 to 2019. The study was divided into three different periods: first (1990-1999), second (2000-2009), and the third decade (2010-2020). The study infers that 467 km2 of the area receives an average of 676 mm of rain in decade-I. In decade-II, 39 km2 of the area is noted with 637.6 mm rainfall, 48 km2 of the study area is reported to have 821 mm rainfall, and only 29 km2 area receives normal rainfall of 992 mm, but 351 km2 receives “excess” rainfall of above 1000 mm. In decade-III, less than 750 mm rainfall is recorded at 202 km2, with 43 km2 recorded “deficit” rainfall, and 24 km2 area received an “excess” rainfall. The variation in the amount of rain during the recent period was observed. Similarly, the temperature was comparatively elevated during the Ist Decade (1990-1999). The intensity of rain events, number of rainy days and frequency of rainfall reflected variations. The land surface temperatures also indicated minor variations and increased inter-monsoonal periods. The variation in the rainfall amount, the shift in monsoonal periods and the change in temperature indicate the microclimatic variation in the region.
{"title":"Long Term Microscale Decadal Analysis of Coastal Rainfall Pattern: An Indication of Microclimatic Variation in South India","authors":"G. Pereira, Gurugnanam Balasubramanian, C. Sabarathinam, S. Goswami, Bairavi Swaminathan","doi":"10.3233/jcc220010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220010","url":null,"abstract":"There are drastic variations in the intensity and the pattern of rainfall and temperature globally. The variations thus reflect the variation in the microclimatic signatures. The current study aims to assess the climatic changes in the coastal region of Ramanathapuram using the monthly rainfall and temperature average along the coastal region. The microscale rainfall and temperature trend have been analysed for three decades (30 years), representing 1990 to 2019. The study was divided into three different periods: first (1990-1999), second (2000-2009), and the third decade (2010-2020). The study infers that 467 km2 of the area receives an average of 676 mm of rain in decade-I. In decade-II, 39 km2 of the area is noted with 637.6 mm rainfall, 48 km2 of the study area is reported to have 821 mm rainfall, and only 29 km2 area receives normal rainfall of 992 mm, but 351 km2 receives “excess” rainfall of above 1000 mm. In decade-III, less than 750 mm rainfall is recorded at 202 km2, with 43 km2 recorded “deficit” rainfall, and 24 km2 area received an “excess” rainfall. The variation in the amount of rain during the recent period was observed. Similarly, the temperature was comparatively elevated during the Ist Decade (1990-1999). The intensity of rain events, number of rainy days and frequency of rainfall reflected variations. The land surface temperatures also indicated minor variations and increased inter-monsoonal periods. The variation in the rainfall amount, the shift in monsoonal periods and the change in temperature indicate the microclimatic variation in the region.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82206430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaheen Manna, Dipanwita Das, Sayantika Mukherjee, Amrita Saha
Polar zones are identified as high species richness areas on our planet. In certain regions of the Arctic and Antarctic, air temperatures are observed to be increasing at rates over two times the global average; there are other direct human impacts on polar areas like contamination, over utilisation and advancement. Polar environments and the biodiversity they support are now reacting to this change and it is normal that much more significant effects will happen this century. Intensifying the threat to polar biodiversity is the certainty that numerous polar environments have restricted functional redundancy; in case of the disappearance of a solitary keystone species, they may possibly be exposed to descending impacts and complete biological system rebuilding. Fast environmental change influencing the polar areas will likewise have significant physical and biological outcomes for the remaining part of the planet since the ice-covered Arctic Ocean, the Antarctic landmass, and the globally notable Antarctic Circumpolar Current serves a critical job in controlling the Earth’s environment and sea frameworks. This study concentrates on the contributing variables of environmental change, the impacts of environmental change on the Arctic biome, alongside the impacts of environmental change on the species of the Arctic biome. The outcomes are evident that biodiversity is being affected extremely by environmental change through its degradation of natural surroundings and adverse consequences on species inside.
{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity of Arctic Biome","authors":"Shaheen Manna, Dipanwita Das, Sayantika Mukherjee, Amrita Saha","doi":"10.3233/jcc220012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220012","url":null,"abstract":"Polar zones are identified as high species richness areas on our planet. In certain regions of the Arctic and Antarctic, air temperatures are observed to be increasing at rates over two times the global average; there are other direct human impacts on polar areas like contamination, over utilisation and advancement. Polar environments and the biodiversity they support are now reacting to this change and it is normal that much more significant effects will happen this century. Intensifying the threat to polar biodiversity is the certainty that numerous polar environments have restricted functional redundancy; in case of the disappearance of a solitary keystone species, they may possibly be exposed to descending impacts and complete biological system rebuilding. Fast environmental change influencing the polar areas will likewise have significant physical and biological outcomes for the remaining part of the planet since the ice-covered Arctic Ocean, the Antarctic landmass, and the globally notable Antarctic Circumpolar Current serves a critical job in controlling the Earth’s environment and sea frameworks. This study concentrates on the contributing variables of environmental change, the impacts of environmental change on the Arctic biome, alongside the impacts of environmental change on the species of the Arctic biome. The outcomes are evident that biodiversity is being affected extremely by environmental change through its degradation of natural surroundings and adverse consequences on species inside.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87994365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
‘Blue carbon’ has recently seized the attention of the scientific communities as they are believed to provide the benefits of climate change mitigation given its high potential to store carbon under unfavourable conditions. Keeping in mind the importance of the carbon storage capacity of mangroves, the present study has been carried out to determine the sedimentary organic carbon stock in Coringa mangroves. The value of total organic carbon (TOC) ranges from 0.63 to 2.76% with a mean value of 1.30±4.3%. The value of total nitrogen (TN) varies from 0.04 to 0.19% with an average value of 0.08±0.03%. Dry Bulk Density (DBD) ranges from 0.63 to 2.58 gm cm-3 with a mean value of 1.33±0.19 gm cm-3. The mean value of sedimentary carbon stock (SCS) in Coringa mangrove is 158±32.60 Mg C ha-1. This amounts to the below-ground sedimentary carbon stock being 1.86 Tg C and represents the equivalent CO2 emission of 579.9 Mg CO2e ha-1. The TOC, TN, DBD, and SCS show significant spatial variation among the different sites. The maximum carbon stock is found in densely vegetated Coringa mangroves, followed by moderately vegetated Gaderu mangroves and the least is found in the degraded forest of Matlapalem mangroves. Grain size parameters signify that there is no definite relationship between the organic carbon content and the abundance of finer sediments fractions in the Coringa mangrove. The higher carbon stock in Coringa mangroves reveals their importance in storing carbon and hence could have relevance on a national scale too and play an important role in climate change mitigation
{"title":"Assessment of Blue Carbon Stock of Coringa Mangroves: Climate Change Perspective","authors":"Karuna Rao, A. Ramanathan, N. J. Raju","doi":"10.3233/jcc220013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220013","url":null,"abstract":"‘Blue carbon’ has recently seized the attention of the scientific communities as they are believed to provide the benefits of climate change mitigation given its high potential to store carbon under unfavourable conditions. Keeping in mind the importance of the carbon storage capacity of mangroves, the present study has been carried out to determine the sedimentary organic carbon stock in Coringa mangroves. The value of total organic carbon (TOC) ranges from 0.63 to 2.76% with a mean value of 1.30±4.3%. The value of total nitrogen (TN) varies from 0.04 to 0.19% with an average value of 0.08±0.03%. Dry Bulk Density (DBD) ranges from 0.63 to 2.58 gm cm-3 with a mean value of 1.33±0.19 gm cm-3. The mean value of sedimentary carbon stock (SCS) in Coringa mangrove is 158±32.60 Mg C ha-1. This amounts to the below-ground sedimentary carbon stock being 1.86 Tg C and represents the equivalent CO2 emission of 579.9 Mg CO2e ha-1. The TOC, TN, DBD, and SCS show significant spatial variation among the different sites. The maximum carbon stock is found in densely vegetated Coringa mangroves, followed by moderately vegetated Gaderu mangroves and the least is found in the degraded forest of Matlapalem mangroves. Grain size parameters signify that there is no definite relationship between the organic carbon content and the abundance of finer sediments fractions in the Coringa mangrove. The higher carbon stock in Coringa mangroves reveals their importance in storing carbon and hence could have relevance on a national scale too and play an important role in climate change mitigation","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73931997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice cultivation requires plenty of water for its proper growth, development, and productivity. The regular life cycle of rice plants is disrupted by moderate to severe drought. Both abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) have involvement in rice physiology under drought. With the limited information, we aimed to study the relationship between ABA and SA concentration in leaves of rice plants under drought. The experiment was performed on a drought-sensitive variety of Swarna MTU 7029 rice. The HPLC method was used to analyse the endogenous ABA and SA content. This study provided data on ABA and SA content in 0.5 mM SA treated and untreated 56 days old rice plants at 7, 14 and 28 days of drought. The result showed that the concentration of ABA was enhanced by 74.6%, 82.8%, and 99.4% during 7, 14, and 28 days of drought, respectively, while it was increased by 64.6%, 74.3% and 78.5% in SA treated plants under 7, 14 and 28 days drought, respectively. The concentration of SA enhanced by 132.2%, 19.7%, and 3.0% during 7, 14, and 28 days of drought, while it was increased to 137.5%, 54.8%, and 23.2% in SA treated plants under 7, 14, and 28 days drought, respectively. This explains that on the 7th day of drought stress, SA may suppress the formation of ABA but not much on the 14th and 28th days of drought stress in treated rice plants. This outcome helps study the interaction of ABA and SA at the gene level under drought stress.
水稻种植需要充足的水分才能正常生长、发育和生产。中重度干旱破坏了水稻植株的正常生命周期。脱落酸(ABA)和水杨酸(SA)均参与水稻干旱生理。利用有限的信息，我们旨在研究干旱条件下水稻叶片中ABA和SA浓度的关系。该试验是在干旱敏感品种Swarna MTU 7029水稻上进行的。采用高效液相色谱法测定其内源ABA和SA含量。本研究提供了干旱7、14和28 d时0.5 mM SA处理和未处理56 d水稻植株ABA和SA含量的数据。结果表明，干旱7、14和28 d时，ABA含量分别提高了74.6%、82.8%和99.4%;干旱7、14和28 d时，ABA含量分别提高了64.6%、74.3%和78.5%。干旱7、14和28 d时，SA浓度分别提高了132.2%、19.7%和3.0%;干旱7、14和28 d时，SA处理植株的SA浓度分别提高了137.5%、54.8%和23.2%。这说明在干旱胁迫第7天，SA对ABA的形成有一定的抑制作用，但在干旱胁迫第14天和第28天的抑制作用不明显。这一结果有助于在基因水平上研究干旱胁迫下ABA和SA的相互作用。
{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of ABA and SA in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grown Under Drought Stress","authors":"Preeti Verma, C. Azad, Pramod Kumar Singh","doi":"10.3233/jcc220009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220009","url":null,"abstract":"Rice cultivation requires plenty of water for its proper growth, development, and productivity. The regular life cycle of rice plants is disrupted by moderate to severe drought. Both abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) have involvement in rice physiology under drought. With the limited information, we aimed to study the relationship between ABA and SA concentration in leaves of rice plants under drought. The experiment was performed on a drought-sensitive variety of Swarna MTU 7029 rice. The HPLC method was used to analyse the endogenous ABA and SA content. This study provided data on ABA and SA content in 0.5 mM SA treated and untreated 56 days old rice plants at 7, 14 and 28 days of drought. The result showed that the concentration of ABA was enhanced by 74.6%, 82.8%, and 99.4% during 7, 14, and 28 days of drought, respectively, while it was increased by 64.6%, 74.3% and 78.5% in SA treated plants under 7, 14 and 28 days drought, respectively. The concentration of SA enhanced by 132.2%, 19.7%, and 3.0% during 7, 14, and 28 days of drought, while it was increased to 137.5%, 54.8%, and 23.2% in SA treated plants under 7, 14, and 28 days drought, respectively. This explains that on the 7th day of drought stress, SA may suppress the formation of ABA but not much on the 14th and 28th days of drought stress in treated rice plants. This outcome helps study the interaction of ABA and SA at the gene level under drought stress.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84928076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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