Yoganandan Veeran, Monisha Balasubramaniyan, S. Kandasamy
In this study, we objectively focus on the relationship between the number of coronavirus (COVID-19) cases and key climate variables. We found that the risk of COVID-19 was approximately doubled during warm summer months when the aerosol molecules are likely stimulated by temperature and rainfall. Given that India is currently emerging as the new epicenter for the third and fourth outbreaks of COVID-19, we selected four key hotspot states-Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu - to closely look into the impact of climate variables on the spread of COVID-19 infected cases during 2020 and 2021. We found that COVID-19 is most active in temperature between 27°C and 32°C, while it is active in monthly average rainfall between 250 mm and 350 mm. This study further confirms that, although temperature and rainfall are not the initial triggers of COVID-19, both variables seem to play significant roles in spreading COVID-19 in India, especially during the summer season of 2020 and 2021, when the Indian summer monsoon was stronger in these four states.
{"title":"A Study on the Association Between Climate and Corona Virus Outspread in South Indian States","authors":"Yoganandan Veeran, Monisha Balasubramaniyan, S. Kandasamy","doi":"10.3233/jcc220029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220029","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we objectively focus on the relationship between the number of coronavirus (COVID-19) cases and key climate variables. We found that the risk of COVID-19 was approximately doubled during warm summer months when the aerosol molecules are likely stimulated by temperature and rainfall. Given that India is currently emerging as the new epicenter for the third and fourth outbreaks of COVID-19, we selected four key hotspot states-Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu - to closely look into the impact of climate variables on the spread of COVID-19 infected cases during 2020 and 2021. We found that COVID-19 is most active in temperature between 27°C and 32°C, while it is active in monthly average rainfall between 250 mm and 350 mm. This study further confirms that, although temperature and rainfall are not the initial triggers of COVID-19, both variables seem to play significant roles in spreading COVID-19 in India, especially during the summer season of 2020 and 2021, when the Indian summer monsoon was stronger in these four states.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77413367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural hazards disrupt the social-ecological system, causing much suffering, death, injury, and devastation of property and the environment. This study explores the factors influencing the disaster psychology and psychological adaptation of people living in disaster-vulnerable areas in Bangladesh. Data have been collected from 100 households in Bangladesh’s riverine island areas (char) of northern Bangladesh. Several criteria have been used to measure char dwellers’ disaster psychology (vulnerability concern, factor, and intensity) and psychological adaptation (weakness concern and emotional response). This study reveals that char dwellers perceived several hazards like floods (100%), riverbank erosion (83%), drought (29%), and earthquakes (14%). It is also found that females (88%) are more concerned about earthquakes than males (12%). The key vulnerability factors in the char areas are geographic position (100%), no access to migration (75%), resources (76%), housing (83%), training (18%), and alternative livelihood (24%). Flood and drought are identified as the most destructive hazards in char areas. Most household heads also felt anxiety (88%), fear (54%), helplessness, sadness, and anger due to natural hazards. The government should implement a context-specific disaster management plan to reduce household vulnerability and create livelihood opportunities in char areas to enhance char dwellers’ psychological resilience against disasters.
{"title":"Disaster Psychology and Psychological Adaptation of Disasters: Evidence From Riverine Islands (Char) of Rural Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Ruhul Amin, Sajjad Hossain Shozib, Md. Naimur Rahman, Syed Anowerul Azim, Farzana Mahbub, Md Nazirul Islam Sarker","doi":"10.3233/jcc220025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220025","url":null,"abstract":"Natural hazards disrupt the social-ecological system, causing much suffering, death, injury, and devastation of property and the environment. This study explores the factors influencing the disaster psychology and psychological adaptation of people living in disaster-vulnerable areas in Bangladesh. Data have been collected from 100 households in Bangladesh’s riverine island areas (char) of northern Bangladesh. Several criteria have been used to measure char dwellers’ disaster psychology (vulnerability concern, factor, and intensity) and psychological adaptation (weakness concern and emotional response). This study reveals that char dwellers perceived several hazards like floods (100%), riverbank erosion (83%), drought (29%), and earthquakes (14%). It is also found that females (88%) are more concerned about earthquakes than males (12%). The key vulnerability factors in the char areas are geographic position (100%), no access to migration (75%), resources (76%), housing (83%), training (18%), and alternative livelihood (24%). Flood and drought are identified as the most destructive hazards in char areas. Most household heads also felt anxiety (88%), fear (54%), helplessness, sadness, and anger due to natural hazards. The government should implement a context-specific disaster management plan to reduce household vulnerability and create livelihood opportunities in char areas to enhance char dwellers’ psychological resilience against disasters.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89313493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trần Thanh Thoảng, L. Tai, Trịnh Vĩnh Quân, Nguyễn Bạch Long, Trần Văn Sao, T. Huy, N. Trung, Tran Van Ty, N. Thành, Pankaj Kumar, Đinh Văn Duy, N. Downes, Huỳnh Vương Thu Minh
This study aimed to develop temporal rainfall distribution patterns of 1-day, 3-, 5-, and 7-consecutive rain days for three meteorological stations in Tra Vinh province (Cang Long, Tieu Can, and Tra Cu), using daily rainfall data from 1978 to 2017. The study follows the Vietnamese National Standards (TCVN 10406:2015:Irrigation Works – Calculation of Design Drainage Coefficients) to determine the frequency of events of various rainfall distribution drainage patterns. Thereafter, the probability method was conducted to identify rainfall pattern design according to a 10-year return period. Only Cang Long meteorological station exhibited enough single events of rainfall patterns (>10) for 3 consecutive days to determine a rainfall distribution drainage pattern, fitting in pattern type 1 and distribution types 2 and 3. However, for all distribution types of rainfall patterns, the one with the highest last-day rainfall is the most adverse pattern. Therefore, this study recommends building a 3-consecutive day design rainfall for Cang Long station of pattern type 1 and distribution type 3 for precautionary purposes.
{"title":"Assessment of Potential Rainfall Distribution Patterns and Their Relationship with Inundation in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam","authors":"Trần Thanh Thoảng, L. Tai, Trịnh Vĩnh Quân, Nguyễn Bạch Long, Trần Văn Sao, T. Huy, N. Trung, Tran Van Ty, N. Thành, Pankaj Kumar, Đinh Văn Duy, N. Downes, Huỳnh Vương Thu Minh","doi":"10.3233/jcc220030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220030","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to develop temporal rainfall distribution patterns of 1-day, 3-, 5-, and 7-consecutive rain days for three meteorological stations in Tra Vinh province (Cang Long, Tieu Can, and Tra Cu), using daily rainfall data from 1978 to 2017. The study follows the Vietnamese National Standards (TCVN 10406:2015:Irrigation Works – Calculation of Design Drainage Coefficients) to determine the frequency of events of various rainfall distribution drainage patterns. Thereafter, the probability method was conducted to identify rainfall pattern design according to a 10-year return period. Only Cang Long meteorological station exhibited enough single events of rainfall patterns (>10) for 3 consecutive days to determine a rainfall distribution drainage pattern, fitting in pattern type 1 and distribution types 2 and 3. However, for all distribution types of rainfall patterns, the one with the highest last-day rainfall is the most adverse pattern. Therefore, this study recommends building a 3-consecutive day design rainfall for Cang Long station of pattern type 1 and distribution type 3 for precautionary purposes.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90694461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is a major concern in Rajasthan’s water-stressed state. Climate change has a direct impact on the water resources in many parts of the state. In comparison to the rest of the country, the state has a larger portion of desert or arid lands (58% of the total geographical area) and limited water resources. Therefore, any adverse climate change conditions will likely have a catastrophic impact on the state’s already vulnerable water resource system. Attempts have been made in this study to understand the state’s climate conditions and highlight isolated past events that suggest climate change may occur in the state. It is emphasised that climate change modelling for various types of climate is required. To develop optimal water resource management strategies for different zones, cutting-edge tools such as remote sensing and geospatial tools must be used. The study’s overarching goal is to comprehend the impact of climate change on the study area’s water resources. The study’s objectives are as follows: (1) to determine the effects of climate change on the water resources of the study location, (2) to investigate the nature and impact of climate change-induced drought disasters in the study area, (3) to identify methods and strategies for mitigating potential risks and vulnerabilities due to climatic variations and (4) determine the scope of research and policy action in response to identified current and future vulnerabilities, as well as the anticipated effects of climate change. The descriptive study used both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A total of 100 respondents were chosen from the villages of Rajasthan’s Tonk district for quantitative data collection and 05 in-depth interviews with various stakeholders were conducted for qualitative analysis. The study revealed that indigenous knowledge systems have allowed various communities in the area to live in harmony with their environments for generations and that their traditional knowledge systems are essential tools in environment conservation and natural disaster management. Again, according to the study, the majority of respondents believe that climate change is a cause of drought disasters, which should be addressed through effective participatory research. The qualitative interviews made known themes such as stakeholder participation, climate modelling, the impacts of climate change on key development sectors, adaptation needs, initiatives, opportunities, and so on. The findings imply that climate change is one of the critical reasons for the occurrence of drought disasters in the study area and the state as a whole; drought and climate change have severely impacted water resources. To conclude, the study emphasises the emerging need for research, policy, and action to mitigate the impact of climate change on water resources and related areas.
{"title":"The Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources: Lessons from Villages of Tonk District of Rajasthan, India","authors":"M. Rajeev","doi":"10.3233/jcc220028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220028","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a major concern in Rajasthan’s water-stressed state. Climate change has a direct impact on the water resources in many parts of the state. In comparison to the rest of the country, the state has a larger portion of desert or arid lands (58% of the total geographical area) and limited water resources. Therefore, any adverse climate change conditions will likely have a catastrophic impact on the state’s already vulnerable water resource system. Attempts have been made in this study to understand the state’s climate conditions and highlight isolated past events that suggest climate change may occur in the state. It is emphasised that climate change modelling for various types of climate is required. To develop optimal water resource management strategies for different zones, cutting-edge tools such as remote sensing and geospatial tools must be used. The study’s overarching goal is to comprehend the impact of climate change on the study area’s water resources. The study’s objectives are as follows: (1) to determine the effects of climate change on the water resources of the study location, (2) to investigate the nature and impact of climate change-induced drought disasters in the study area, (3) to identify methods and strategies for mitigating potential risks and vulnerabilities due to climatic variations and (4) determine the scope of research and policy action in response to identified current and future vulnerabilities, as well as the anticipated effects of climate change. The descriptive study used both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A total of 100 respondents were chosen from the villages of Rajasthan’s Tonk district for quantitative data collection and 05 in-depth interviews with various stakeholders were conducted for qualitative analysis. The study revealed that indigenous knowledge systems have allowed various communities in the area to live in harmony with their environments for generations and that their traditional knowledge systems are essential tools in environment conservation and natural disaster management. Again, according to the study, the majority of respondents believe that climate change is a cause of drought disasters, which should be addressed through effective participatory research. The qualitative interviews made known themes such as stakeholder participation, climate modelling, the impacts of climate change on key development sectors, adaptation needs, initiatives, opportunities, and so on. The findings imply that climate change is one of the critical reasons for the occurrence of drought disasters in the study area and the state as a whole; drought and climate change have severely impacted water resources. To conclude, the study emphasises the emerging need for research, policy, and action to mitigate the impact of climate change on water resources and related areas.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86141084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice needs more water, and therefore any water stress results in a reduction in overall yield and productivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of salicylic acid (SA) 0.5 mM on the morphological and physiological traits of rice plants during the tillering stage under drought stress. Rice seeds presoaked with SA showed better growth in 7 days old rice seedlings in terms of germination percentage, root length, shoot length and fresh weight compared to the control. Drought conditions were applied to rice plants after 35 days of transplantation in two groups, SA treated and SA untreated, for 7 and 14 days of drought stress conditions, respectively. All experiments were conducted in a totally randomised manner with three replicates per treatment. Leaf area and relative water content (RWC) reduction were significantly prevented in salicylic acid-treated plants under drought conditions. Our data suggest that, using exogenous SA as a presoaking treatment on rice seeds improved drought tolerance in the later stages of rice plants in coping with drought stress by preserving water content in rice leaves. This method is low-cost and accessible to farmers for protecting plants during the seedling and tillering stages, which also affect rice yield at the end.
{"title":"Inducing Drought Tolerance in Rice Plants by Presoaking with Salicylic Acid","authors":"P. Verma, C. Azad, P. Singh","doi":"10.3233/jcc220024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220024","url":null,"abstract":"Rice needs more water, and therefore any water stress results in a reduction in overall yield and productivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of salicylic acid (SA) 0.5 mM on the morphological and physiological traits of rice plants during the tillering stage under drought stress. Rice seeds presoaked with SA showed better growth in 7 days old rice seedlings in terms of germination percentage, root length, shoot length and fresh weight compared to the control. Drought conditions were applied to rice plants after 35 days of transplantation in two groups, SA treated and SA untreated, for 7 and 14 days of drought stress conditions, respectively. All experiments were conducted in a totally randomised manner with three replicates per treatment. Leaf area and relative water content (RWC) reduction were significantly prevented in salicylic acid-treated plants under drought conditions. Our data suggest that, using exogenous SA as a presoaking treatment on rice seeds improved drought tolerance in the later stages of rice plants in coping with drought stress by preserving water content in rice leaves. This method is low-cost and accessible to farmers for protecting plants during the seedling and tillering stages, which also affect rice yield at the end.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82724947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ma. Haidee A. Mabborang, Bryan M. Nozaleda, Ruth N. Maguddayao, Leonora Udaundo, Narcisa Laggui, E. Martin, Corazon Sibal
Structures such as vernacular dwellings were not only shaped by culture and tradition but also reveal how people dealt with climate. Using a descriptive-qualitative research design, this study analysed the vernacular houses of the Ibanag, Itawit, and Malaweg in the province of Cagayan in the Philippines to derive a practical template for designing sustainable and climate-conscious houses and buildings. Using focus group discussions (FGD) and observations cross referencing it to concretised architectural and cultural sources revealed that the vernacular houses, particularly that of the Ibanag and Itawit, possess similar characteristics to the typical Filipino bahaykubo, however, distinguished with a separate kitchen bridged by a “balag” or “binattag”. It is elevated from the ground to keep the floor dry and to protect their belongings when the Cagayan River swells. The walling and windows of awning or sliding type made of bamboo practically makes the house penetrable providing natural ventilation and lighting. The “gannung” or “tallung” (silong in Tagalog) allows air to flow from below through the bamboo permeable floors. There is absence of ceilings or room divisions in the house that allows free circulation of air during the hot seasons. Moreover, materials like cogon, bamboo, uway (rattan), and local woods which are endemic in the locality were used in its construction. Ultimately, close community ties and the bayanihan spirit in the community are vital mechanisms for climate change adaptation. With the environmental challenges indigenous communities are facing today, the vernacular houses’ architectural design features can inspire the houses and buildings of today.
{"title":"Vernacular House Architecture and Climate Change Adaptation: Lessons from the Indigenous Peoples of Cagayan, Philippines","authors":"Ma. Haidee A. Mabborang, Bryan M. Nozaleda, Ruth N. Maguddayao, Leonora Udaundo, Narcisa Laggui, E. Martin, Corazon Sibal","doi":"10.3233/jcc220027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220027","url":null,"abstract":"Structures such as vernacular dwellings were not only shaped by culture and tradition but also reveal how people dealt with climate. Using a descriptive-qualitative research design, this study analysed the vernacular houses of the Ibanag, Itawit, and Malaweg in the province of Cagayan in the Philippines to derive a practical template for designing sustainable and climate-conscious houses and buildings. Using focus group discussions (FGD) and observations cross referencing it to concretised architectural and cultural sources revealed that the vernacular houses, particularly that of the Ibanag and Itawit, possess similar characteristics to the typical Filipino bahaykubo, however, distinguished with a separate kitchen bridged by a “balag” or “binattag”. It is elevated from the ground to keep the floor dry and to protect their belongings when the Cagayan River swells. The walling and windows of awning or sliding type made of bamboo practically makes the house penetrable providing natural ventilation and lighting. The “gannung” or “tallung” (silong in Tagalog) allows air to flow from below through the bamboo permeable floors. There is absence of ceilings or room divisions in the house that allows free circulation of air during the hot seasons. Moreover, materials like cogon, bamboo, uway (rattan), and local woods which are endemic in the locality were used in its construction. Ultimately, close community ties and the bayanihan spirit in the community are vital mechanisms for climate change adaptation. With the environmental challenges indigenous communities are facing today, the vernacular houses’ architectural design features can inspire the houses and buildings of today.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80973867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the developed world’s metropolitan areas, proper wastewater treatment and recycling are of the utmost importance. Releasing wastewater into aquatic systems is the biggest environmental risk and the biggest barrier to wastewater regeneration and reuse. The origin of the wastewater also has an impact on its potential for reuse. There are three separate processes at work in the universe: the physical, the chemical, and the biological. The study examines the challenges associated with wastewater consumption, as well as wastewater treatment, reuse, and repurposing. One of the most compelling arguments for exploring the possibility of zero liquid discharge is the possibility of energy recovery from wastewater. Manufacturing operations that aim for Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) may recycle or reuse the solid waste they produce. ZLD system design is becoming more popular. To be sure, current ZLD systems have their drawbacks, the most notable of which are the high plant costs and high energy intensity of their crystallizers. Because of the growing public and media awareness of the consequences of wastewater pollution, stricter environmental restrictions are expected to push more polluting businesses onto ZLD. Moreover, climate plays such a significant role in the wastewater treatment plant; climate change may have far-reaching implications on the drainage system.
{"title":"Sustainable Concept of Zero-Liquid Discharge and Its Impact on Climate Change: Detail Case Studies","authors":"N. Vignesh kumar, Ruhul Amin Mozumder, N. Laskar","doi":"10.3233/jcc220031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220031","url":null,"abstract":"In the developed world’s metropolitan areas, proper wastewater treatment and recycling are of the utmost importance. Releasing wastewater into aquatic systems is the biggest environmental risk and the biggest barrier to wastewater regeneration and reuse. The origin of the wastewater also has an impact on its potential for reuse. There are three separate processes at work in the universe: the physical, the chemical, and the biological. The study examines the challenges associated with wastewater consumption, as well as wastewater treatment, reuse, and repurposing. One of the most compelling arguments for exploring the possibility of zero liquid discharge is the possibility of energy recovery from wastewater. Manufacturing operations that aim for Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) may recycle or reuse the solid waste they produce. ZLD system design is becoming more popular. To be sure, current ZLD systems have their drawbacks, the most notable of which are the high plant costs and high energy intensity of their crystallizers. Because of the growing public and media awareness of the consequences of wastewater pollution, stricter environmental restrictions are expected to push more polluting businesses onto ZLD. Moreover, climate plays such a significant role in the wastewater treatment plant; climate change may have far-reaching implications on the drainage system.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86561818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rainfall prediction is the most significant requirement nowadays due to the chaotic nature of climate. Climate has changed drastically over the last few years due to global warming and has become very unpredictable. Rainfall prediction is essential for decision-making in various sectors like agriculture, transportation, tours and travels, outdoor events, etc. In this study, machine learning algorithms are analysed and experimented on the dataset comprising various atmospheric parameters of Hyderabad city in Telangana. The work is carried out on individual popular classifiers, namely Naïve Byes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K nearest neighbour, and Support Vector Machine. The performance is compared with techniques like voting classifiers and stacking ensemble. The experiment gives predictions on the rainfall intensity as No Rain, Low to Medium rain, or Heavy rain. The k-cross-fold validation technique is used as the evaluation metric, which is very effective and results in less biased estimations. The aim is to provide the decision-making capabilities based on the mentioned intensity of rainfall that can be very useful in managing the irrigation cycle in the agriculture field, deciding on an outdoor event, or any travelling plan based on the current atmospheric parameters. The platform used is python, which is portable, open to access, and available easily.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Ensemble Techniques for Rainfall Prediction: A Study Based on the Current Atmospheric Parameters","authors":"G. Ambildhuke, Barnali Gupta Banik","doi":"10.3233/jcc220021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220021","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall prediction is the most significant requirement nowadays due to the chaotic nature of climate. Climate has changed drastically over the last few years due to global warming and has become very unpredictable. Rainfall prediction is essential for decision-making in various sectors like agriculture, transportation, tours and travels, outdoor events, etc. In this study, machine learning algorithms are analysed and experimented on the dataset comprising various atmospheric parameters of Hyderabad city in Telangana. The work is carried out on individual popular classifiers, namely Naïve Byes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K nearest neighbour, and Support Vector Machine. The performance is compared with techniques like voting classifiers and stacking ensemble. The experiment gives predictions on the rainfall intensity as No Rain, Low to Medium rain, or Heavy rain. The k-cross-fold validation technique is used as the evaluation metric, which is very effective and results in less biased estimations. The aim is to provide the decision-making capabilities based on the mentioned intensity of rainfall that can be very useful in managing the irrigation cycle in the agriculture field, deciding on an outdoor event, or any travelling plan based on the current atmospheric parameters. The platform used is python, which is portable, open to access, and available easily.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85256703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. D. Nam, Le Nhu Y., Lam Van Thinh, Huỳnh Vương Thu Minh, Pankaj Kumar, N. Ngan
The water balance in six selected crops (mung beans, tomatoes, maize, cassava, yam, and sweet potatoes) was determined at the field block scale in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta for two agricultural growing areas. A novel approach for the calculation of water balance was employed, which combined the reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), derived from four methods, namely, Penman-Monteith, Blaney-Criddle, Thornthwaite, and Turc. The equation of Penman-Monteith is generally considered to be the most representative to calculate the ETo value. The reference crop evapotranspiration for some crops was calculated. The daily ETo ranges from 1.8 to 7.5 mm, while a monthly ETo ranges from 3.5 to 5.0 mm. The calculations of the water balances show that irrigation is necessary for crops grown on raised beds crops during the dry season. The results show a promising approach for evaluating the water regime to satisfy crop water requirements.
{"title":"Evaluating Reference Crop Evapotranspiration of the Selected Field Crops Grown in Different Agricultural Regions in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta","authors":"N. D. Nam, Le Nhu Y., Lam Van Thinh, Huỳnh Vương Thu Minh, Pankaj Kumar, N. Ngan","doi":"10.3233/jcc220016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220016","url":null,"abstract":"The water balance in six selected crops (mung beans, tomatoes, maize, cassava, yam, and sweet potatoes) was determined at the field block scale in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta for two agricultural growing areas. A novel approach for the calculation of water balance was employed, which combined the reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), derived from four methods, namely, Penman-Monteith, Blaney-Criddle, Thornthwaite, and Turc. The equation of Penman-Monteith is generally considered to be the most representative to calculate the ETo value. The reference crop evapotranspiration for some crops was calculated. The daily ETo ranges from 1.8 to 7.5 mm, while a monthly ETo ranges from 3.5 to 5.0 mm. The calculations of the water balances show that irrigation is necessary for crops grown on raised beds crops during the dry season. The results show a promising approach for evaluating the water regime to satisfy crop water requirements.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73815461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lalthanpuia, H. Laldinpuii, Samuel Lalmalsawma, James Lalnunzira Hrahsel
Mizoram, one of the north-eastern states in India, predominantly consists of hilly terrain with tribal populations living in villages scattered along the upper reaches. The high dependency of people on natural resources and rainfed agricultural practices relying wholly on the southwest monsoon make the region highly vulnerable to climate change exacerbated by poor development infrastructure, land use and land cover change, forest loss and degradation. The vulnerability of the state needs to be addressed to assist in developing practical and reliable plans to increase resilience against long term climate change. The intrinsic properties corresponding to sensitivity and adaptive capacity of the state in terms of domestic water resources availability are focused here to assess inherent vulnerability to unprecedented changes than can be caused by climate stress. The assessment follows an analytical framework by selecting indicators that define vulnerability criteria across all the districts in the state. Indicators were given weights per the best reflection to ground reality by means of stakeholder consultations. Composite Vulnerability Index (CVI) was calculated for each district across all indicators. Districts were ranked and categorised into high, medium, and low vulnerability based on their CVI values. Drivers of vulnerability were determined by calculating the contributions of each individual indicator to overall vulnerability. The calculated CVI was highest for Champhai making it the most vulnerable district. CVI was lowest for Mamit making it the least vulnerable district. Across all districts, limited availability of perennial springs per household, less forest cover and limited availability of ground water resources were the top drivers of overall vulnerability.
{"title":"Assessment of District Level Climate Vulnerability of Mizoram, India: Water Resources Approach","authors":"Lalthanpuia, H. Laldinpuii, Samuel Lalmalsawma, James Lalnunzira Hrahsel","doi":"10.3233/jcc220018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcc220018","url":null,"abstract":"Mizoram, one of the north-eastern states in India, predominantly consists of hilly terrain with tribal populations living in villages scattered along the upper reaches. The high dependency of people on natural resources and rainfed agricultural practices relying wholly on the southwest monsoon make the region highly vulnerable to climate change exacerbated by poor development infrastructure, land use and land cover change, forest loss and degradation. The vulnerability of the state needs to be addressed to assist in developing practical and reliable plans to increase resilience against long term climate change. The intrinsic properties corresponding to sensitivity and adaptive capacity of the state in terms of domestic water resources availability are focused here to assess inherent vulnerability to unprecedented changes than can be caused by climate stress. The assessment follows an analytical framework by selecting indicators that define vulnerability criteria across all the districts in the state. Indicators were given weights per the best reflection to ground reality by means of stakeholder consultations. Composite Vulnerability Index (CVI) was calculated for each district across all indicators. Districts were ranked and categorised into high, medium, and low vulnerability based on their CVI values. Drivers of vulnerability were determined by calculating the contributions of each individual indicator to overall vulnerability. The calculated CVI was highest for Champhai making it the most vulnerable district. CVI was lowest for Mamit making it the least vulnerable district. Across all districts, limited availability of perennial springs per household, less forest cover and limited availability of ground water resources were the top drivers of overall vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":43177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Change","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75787475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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