Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.17811/ebl.11.4.2022.161-171
Lourenço S. Paz
This study investigates the effects of the 2000–2012 increase in import competition in the Brazilian economy on the type of manufacturing jobs available to different age groups. These effects are assessed using a multinomial logit model and household survey data that cover formal, informal, and self-employed workers. The empirical estimates indicate that an increase in the Chinese or in the rest of the world import penetrations expand self-employment only among young workers. Larger Chinese imports reduce self-employment for middle-aged workers. In contrast, greater imports from elsewhere increase informality across all age groups, though the magnitude is decreasing in age. These estimates are robust to endogeneity concerns through the use of a control function approach.
{"title":"Does age modulate the impact of import competition on job type?","authors":"Lourenço S. Paz","doi":"10.17811/ebl.11.4.2022.161-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.11.4.2022.161-171","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effects of the 2000–2012 increase in import competition in the Brazilian economy on the type of manufacturing jobs available to different age groups. These effects are assessed using a multinomial logit model and household survey data that cover formal, informal, and self-employed workers. The empirical estimates indicate that an increase in the Chinese or in the rest of the world import penetrations expand self-employment only among young workers. Larger Chinese imports reduce self-employment for middle-aged workers. In contrast, greater imports from elsewhere increase informality across all age groups, though the magnitude is decreasing in age. These estimates are robust to endogeneity concerns through the use of a control function approach.","PeriodicalId":43184,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47684216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.118-124
Christian Espinosa-Méndez
This investigation is the first to analyze how civil unrest impacts the performance of companies. Using a panel composed of 99 non-financial firms listed on the Santiago de Chile Stock Exchange during the period between the first quarter of 2017 and 2020 we find that civil unrest negatively impacts firm performance. This effect is asymmetric among the different industrial sectors with the Trade and Industrial sectors being the most adversely affected. On the other hand, the Agriculture-fishing and Utilities sectors show a better performance.
{"title":"Civil unrest and firm performance: evidence from Chile","authors":"Christian Espinosa-Méndez","doi":"10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.118-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.118-124","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation is the first to analyze how civil unrest impacts the performance of companies. Using a panel composed of 99 non-financial firms listed on the Santiago de Chile Stock Exchange during the period between the first quarter of 2017 and 2020 we find that civil unrest negatively impacts firm performance. This effect is asymmetric among the different industrial sectors with the Trade and Industrial sectors being the most adversely affected. On the other hand, the Agriculture-fishing and Utilities sectors show a better performance.","PeriodicalId":43184,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44776070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.125-133
Oluwaseyi Olopade, Beatrice D. Simo-Kengne, Abieyuwa Ohonba
Shifts from firm-level investment efficiency occur due to market imperfections and informationasymmetry. This translates to an increased cost of capital, which leads to over or under-investments. This study demonstrates the absence of a direct association between investmentefficiency and financial constraints in African firms, complementing the efficient markethypothesis. We observed firms across different industries listed on the JSE from 2009 to 2019.Empirical results from panel data analysis reveal that financial constraints drive improvedinvestment levels and firms in this region depend on external funds – specifically credits – toinvest.
{"title":"The impact of financial constraints on investment efficiency in South Africa","authors":"Oluwaseyi Olopade, Beatrice D. Simo-Kengne, Abieyuwa Ohonba","doi":"10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.125-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.125-133","url":null,"abstract":"Shifts from firm-level investment efficiency occur due to market imperfections and informationasymmetry. This translates to an increased cost of capital, which leads to over or under-investments. This study demonstrates the absence of a direct association between investmentefficiency and financial constraints in African firms, complementing the efficient markethypothesis. We observed firms across different industries listed on the JSE from 2009 to 2019.Empirical results from panel data analysis reveal that financial constraints drive improvedinvestment levels and firms in this region depend on external funds – specifically credits – toinvest.","PeriodicalId":43184,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49408799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.98-106
T. Huynh, Duy Duong
By drawing the monthly data of 33 advanced economies in 2020, this paper explores the effectiveness of government responses and the level of democracy in containing the COVID-19 spread. Our results show that the government responses effectively ‘flatten the curve’ of infected cases and death cases. Concomitantly, the higher level of democracy simultaneously contributes the joint effect with government responses to the lower association with the number of infected cases in these countries. However, it is more noticeable that this effect does not persist or significantly exhibit heterogeneous effects. These two aforementioned points contribute a shred of empirical evidence to the existing literature about the COVID-19 studies. Therefore, our study has some relevant policy implications.
{"title":"Government responses, democracy, and COVID-19 containment: a cross-country study","authors":"T. Huynh, Duy Duong","doi":"10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.98-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.98-106","url":null,"abstract":"By drawing the monthly data of 33 advanced economies in 2020, this paper explores the effectiveness of government responses and the level of democracy in containing the COVID-19 spread. Our results show that the government responses effectively ‘flatten the curve’ of infected cases and death cases. Concomitantly, the higher level of democracy simultaneously contributes the joint effect with government responses to the lower association with the number of infected cases in these countries. However, it is more noticeable that this effect does not persist or significantly exhibit heterogeneous effects. These two aforementioned points contribute a shred of empirical evidence to the existing literature about the COVID-19 studies. Therefore, our study has some relevant policy implications.","PeriodicalId":43184,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41907934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.107-117
Asil Azimli
This paper examines if industries with higher economic policy uncertainty (EPU) sensitivity also respond differently to the evolution of COVID-19 pandemic. Initially, industries are allocated into decile portfolios according to their sensitivity to the US-EPU shocks, then portfolio returns are conditioned against changes in daily cases and deaths, respectively. After controlling for the standard risk-factors of equity returns, neither the cases nor deaths can load significantly against the returns of portfolio with the highest negative EPU exposure. However, industries which respond positively to the US-EPU shocks also respond positively to increases in cases and deaths.
{"title":"Policy uncertainty sensitivity, COVID-19 and industry returns in the United States","authors":"Asil Azimli","doi":"10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.107-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.107-117","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines if industries with higher economic policy uncertainty (EPU) sensitivity also respond differently to the evolution of COVID-19 pandemic. Initially, industries are allocated into decile portfolios according to their sensitivity to the US-EPU shocks, then portfolio returns are conditioned against changes in daily cases and deaths, respectively. After controlling for the standard risk-factors of equity returns, neither the cases nor deaths can load significantly against the returns of portfolio with the highest negative EPU exposure. However, industries which respond positively to the US-EPU shocks also respond positively to increases in cases and deaths.","PeriodicalId":43184,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48659980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.93-97
Levi A. Russell, Joshua Hall
Right-to-farm laws started in the 1970s. In 2014, Missouri residents voted on a right-to-farm constitutional amendment that gave farmers constitutional protection from nuisance suits related to agricultural production. The Amendment passed 50.12% to 49.88%. We use an empirical median voter model on county-level voting data to analyze the determinants of yes voting. We find that an increased presence of agricultural interests in a county as measured by head of cattle, acres planted, and % employed in agriculture were associated with a higher percentage of yes votes. Our results highlight the importance of widespread farm interests obtaining constitutional projections for farming.
{"title":"The political economy of state right to farm amendments: evidence from Missouri","authors":"Levi A. Russell, Joshua Hall","doi":"10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.93-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.11.3.2022.93-97","url":null,"abstract":"Right-to-farm laws started in the 1970s. In 2014, Missouri residents voted on a right-to-farm constitutional amendment that gave farmers constitutional protection from nuisance suits related to agricultural production. The Amendment passed 50.12% to 49.88%. We use an empirical median voter model on county-level voting data to analyze the determinants of yes voting. We find that an increased presence of agricultural interests in a county as measured by head of cattle, acres planted, and % employed in agriculture were associated with a higher percentage of yes votes. Our results highlight the importance of widespread farm interests obtaining constitutional projections for farming.","PeriodicalId":43184,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43113737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.46-52
Fabian Kreutzer, Wolfram Berger
We use plant-level evidence for Germany to explore the productivity effects of offshoring of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) and compare them to those derived for a sample of large companies. SMEs usually face tighter resource constraints than larger companies, thus making it harder for them to reap the potential productivity gains associated with offshoring. We find evidence for the group of SMEs that plants that offshore business activities tend to be among the more productive ones, ex ante. However, offshoring plants lose this edge over their non-offshoring counterparts. The initial productivity gap is reversed, and the productivity of offshoring plants lags behind even several years after offshoring has actually taken place. Neither observation can be confirmed for large companies.
{"title":"Does offshoring boost productivity? A comparison of SMEs and large firms for Germany","authors":"Fabian Kreutzer, Wolfram Berger","doi":"10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.46-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.46-52","url":null,"abstract":"We use plant-level evidence for Germany to explore the productivity effects of offshoring of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) and compare them to those derived for a sample of large companies. SMEs usually face tighter resource constraints than larger companies, thus making it harder for them to reap the potential productivity gains associated with offshoring. We find evidence for the group of SMEs that plants that offshore business activities tend to be among the more productive ones, ex ante. However, offshoring plants lose this edge over their non-offshoring counterparts. The initial productivity gap is reversed, and the productivity of offshoring plants lags behind even several years after offshoring has actually taken place. Neither observation can be confirmed for large companies.","PeriodicalId":43184,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47409096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.79-87
M. Polemis, Aikaterina Oikonomou
We investigate the impact of human capital on tourism growth by using a semi-parametric fixed effects estimator developed in Baltagi and Li (2002). The results shed new light on the existing literature since they unveil strong non-linear effects of human capital on tourism growth. Furthermore, we uncover a non-monotonic “M-shaped” curve between human capital and growth when we impose the assumption of imperfect labor substitutability.
{"title":"A note on the human capital and tourism growth nexus: a semi-parametric approach","authors":"M. Polemis, Aikaterina Oikonomou","doi":"10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.79-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.79-87","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the impact of human capital on tourism growth by using a semi-parametric fixed effects estimator developed in Baltagi and Li (2002). The results shed new light on the existing literature since they unveil strong non-linear effects of human capital on tourism growth. Furthermore, we uncover a non-monotonic “M-shaped” curve between human capital and growth when we impose the assumption of imperfect labor substitutability.","PeriodicalId":43184,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44206239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.70-78
Anand Sharma, Vipin Sharma, Shekhar Tokas
This paper examines the effect of the quality of economic institutions on health outcomes for the E.U. countries from 2000 to 2018. Using data from the World Bank and the Fraser Institute, the paper uses fixed effects and random effects models to investigate the relationship between institutional quality and health. The results suggest that an improvement in the quality of economic institutions has a favourable effect on health. Specifically, the results highlight that an efficient legal system, a stable macroeconomic environment, and fewer regulations improve health outcomes in the E.U. countries. The paper also finds that higher per capita income, increase in education, and faster urbanization enhance health outcomes.
{"title":"Institutional quality and health outcomes: evidence from the EU countries","authors":"Anand Sharma, Vipin Sharma, Shekhar Tokas","doi":"10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.70-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.70-78","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect of the quality of economic institutions on health outcomes for the E.U. countries from 2000 to 2018. Using data from the World Bank and the Fraser Institute, the paper uses fixed effects and random effects models to investigate the relationship between institutional quality and health. The results suggest that an improvement in the quality of economic institutions has a favourable effect on health. Specifically, the results highlight that an efficient legal system, a stable macroeconomic environment, and fewer regulations improve health outcomes in the E.U. countries. The paper also finds that higher per capita income, increase in education, and faster urbanization enhance health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":43184,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44215551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.53-69
Daragh O’Leary, J. Doran, B. Power
Using a novel self-reported measure competitive intensity and four distinct forms of innovation (product, process, marketing and organisational) from the European Commission Flash Eurobarometer 433 dataset, this paper comprehensively identifies the impact of competitive pressure on firm innovation for four broad sectors of the economy. A logit model by innovation type is used to estimate the impact of the intensity of competition on the firm’s decision to innovate. Firm reported intensity of competition is found to have a positive impact on product and market innovation. Significant heterogeneities exist in the impact of minor and major degrees of competition across innovation types and sectors supporting both Arrow’s (1962), and to a lesser degree Schumpeter’s (1943), perspectives on this relationship.
{"title":"Intensity of competition and firm innovative behavior","authors":"Daragh O’Leary, J. Doran, B. Power","doi":"10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.53-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.53-69","url":null,"abstract":"Using a novel self-reported measure competitive intensity and four distinct forms of innovation (product, process, marketing and organisational) from the European Commission Flash Eurobarometer 433 dataset, this paper comprehensively identifies the impact of competitive pressure on firm innovation for four broad sectors of the economy. A logit model by innovation type is used to estimate the impact of the intensity of competition on the firm’s decision to innovate. Firm reported intensity of competition is found to have a positive impact on product and market innovation. Significant heterogeneities exist in the impact of minor and major degrees of competition across innovation types and sectors supporting both Arrow’s (1962), and to a lesser degree Schumpeter’s (1943), perspectives on this relationship.","PeriodicalId":43184,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45713325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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