Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.32861/ajls.68.101.107
Emmanuel A. M. Thiombiano, M. J. Bangou, Yougbaré-Ziébrou Mouhibatou, M. Kiendrebeogo
Background: Pandiaka angustifolia Valh Hepper (Amaranthaceae) whole plant is used in folk Burkinabe’s medicine to treat ailments with an inflammatory component. Previous studies revealed the antioxidant capacity, xanthine oxidase, and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities of the plant, but to the best of our knowledge, its anti-inflammatory activities were not reported before. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of P. Angustifolia hexane and aqueous extracts using in vitro enzymatic methods and in vivo methods and verify the best anti-inflammatory extract implication in KATP pathways. Experiments: acute toxicity of the plant was conducted under OECD 423 guidelines. Phospholipase and cyclooxygenases were pro-inflammatory enzymes used to evaluate in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of plant extracts while carrageenan induced edema method was used to evaluate the anti-edematous activity and acetic acid inducing writhing method to evaluate the non-morphine analgesic effect of herbal mixture. ATP sensitive K+ channel assay was performed in vivo using the glibenclamide as ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) blocker. Results: enzymatic inhibition assays revealed that both hexane and aqueous extracts of P. angustifolia were good inhibitors against sPLA2 activity with IC50 values of 14.23 ± 0. 72 µg/mL and 11.56 ± 0.11 µg/mL, respectively. Aqueous extract presented the best inhibition for COX-1 (IC50 = 24.76 ±0. 51 µg/mL) while hexane extract concentration that inhibit 50% of COX-2 was lesser than those of aqueous extract. P. angustifolia aqueous extract orally administrated to NMRI mice caused no death at the dose of 3000 mg/kg b.w indicating that the plant toxicity is low. While hexane extract was unable to reduce Carrageenan-induced edema, ethanolic extract were significantly active when extract was orally administrated. Non-morphine analgesic activity evaluation revealed that ethanolic extract was more efficient on writhing reduction than hexane extract. Nociception effect of the plant is linked with its effects on K+ ATP sensitive channels. Conclusion: Results indicate that the anti-inflammatory potential of P. angustifolia may be due to its polar phytoconstituents and observed pharmacological activities provide the scientific basis for the medicinal use of the plant in the treatment of ailment associated with inflammation.
{"title":"In Vivo and in Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Extracts of Pandiaka angustifolia (Vahl.) Hepper (Amaranthaceae) Used in Traditional Medicine in Burkina Faso","authors":"Emmanuel A. M. Thiombiano, M. J. Bangou, Yougbaré-Ziébrou Mouhibatou, M. Kiendrebeogo","doi":"10.32861/ajls.68.101.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.68.101.107","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pandiaka angustifolia Valh Hepper (Amaranthaceae) whole plant is used in folk Burkinabe’s medicine to treat ailments with an inflammatory component. Previous studies revealed the antioxidant capacity, xanthine oxidase, and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities of the plant, but to the best of our knowledge, its anti-inflammatory activities were not reported before. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of P. Angustifolia hexane and aqueous extracts using in vitro enzymatic methods and in vivo methods and verify the best anti-inflammatory extract implication in KATP pathways. Experiments: acute toxicity of the plant was conducted under OECD 423 guidelines. Phospholipase and cyclooxygenases were pro-inflammatory enzymes used to evaluate in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of plant extracts while carrageenan induced edema method was used to evaluate the anti-edematous activity and acetic acid inducing writhing method to evaluate the non-morphine analgesic effect of herbal mixture. ATP sensitive K+ channel assay was performed in vivo using the glibenclamide as ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) blocker. Results: enzymatic inhibition assays revealed that both hexane and aqueous extracts of P. angustifolia were good inhibitors against sPLA2 activity with IC50 values of 14.23 ± 0. 72 µg/mL and 11.56 ± 0.11 µg/mL, respectively. Aqueous extract presented the best inhibition for COX-1 (IC50 = 24.76 ±0. 51 µg/mL) while hexane extract concentration that inhibit 50% of COX-2 was lesser than those of aqueous extract. P. angustifolia aqueous extract orally administrated to NMRI mice caused no death at the dose of 3000 mg/kg b.w indicating that the plant toxicity is low. While hexane extract was unable to reduce Carrageenan-induced edema, ethanolic extract were significantly active when extract was orally administrated. Non-morphine analgesic activity evaluation revealed that ethanolic extract was more efficient on writhing reduction than hexane extract. Nociception effect of the plant is linked with its effects on K+ ATP sensitive channels. Conclusion: Results indicate that the anti-inflammatory potential of P. angustifolia may be due to its polar phytoconstituents and observed pharmacological activities provide the scientific basis for the medicinal use of the plant in the treatment of ailment associated with inflammation.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"6 3 Suppl 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132148053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Identification of characteristics of women in terms of age and parity as related to their uptake of existing screening services can give significant data to forming cervical cancer screening administrations. This study was aimed to assess the effect of age and parity on knowledge of cervical cancer screening among women of child bearing age in Anambra State. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design.The study was conducted at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka and General Hospital Onitsha between June 2019 to September 2019.Using multi-stage (purposive) sampling technique, the sample size for this study consisted of one hundred and eighty four (184) women (134) subjects for experimental group and 50 subjects for control group) attending antenatal in public hospitals in Anambra State. The instrument contained five questions on demographic data of the respondents, questions on knowledge of cervical cancer and practice questions with four point response options. The reliability of the instrument was established by using Cronbach alpha for estimating the internal consistency of the instrument. Data entry and analysis were done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and inferential statistics (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.The results showed that all the women of different age groups and women of all parity levels benefitted from the exposure to health education programme. The study therefore concludes that exposing women of child bearing age to health education programme improved the practice of cervical cancer screening practice. The knowledge of cervical cancer, knowledge of cervical cancer screening and knowledge of modes of prevention of cervical cancer are critical in determining cervical cancer screening uptake among the women. It is thus concluded that exposing women of child bearing age to health education programme improved the cervical cancer screening practice than not exposing them to any treatment. With adequate knowledge of cervical cancer and a positive perception of cervical cancer screening, utilization of cervical cancer screening services is uniform among women of all parity level.
{"title":"Effect of Age and Parity on Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women of Child Bearing Age in Anambra State","authors":"N. Stella, Ogbalu Anthony Ikechukwu","doi":"10.32861/ajls.67.83.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.67.83.92","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of characteristics of women in terms of age and parity as related to their uptake of existing screening services can give significant data to forming cervical cancer screening administrations. This study was aimed to assess the effect of age and parity on knowledge of cervical cancer screening among women of child bearing age in Anambra State. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design.The study was conducted at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka and General Hospital Onitsha between June 2019 to September 2019.Using multi-stage (purposive) sampling technique, the sample size for this study consisted of one hundred and eighty four (184) women (134) subjects for experimental group and 50 subjects for control group) attending antenatal in public hospitals in Anambra State. The instrument contained five questions on demographic data of the respondents, questions on knowledge of cervical cancer and practice questions with four point response options. The reliability of the instrument was established by using Cronbach alpha for estimating the internal consistency of the instrument. Data entry and analysis were done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and inferential statistics (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.The results showed that all the women of different age groups and women of all parity levels benefitted from the exposure to health education programme. The study therefore concludes that exposing women of child bearing age to health education programme improved the practice of cervical cancer screening practice. The knowledge of cervical cancer, knowledge of cervical cancer screening and knowledge of modes of prevention of cervical cancer are critical in determining cervical cancer screening uptake among the women. It is thus concluded that exposing women of child bearing age to health education programme improved the cervical cancer screening practice than not exposing them to any treatment. With adequate knowledge of cervical cancer and a positive perception of cervical cancer screening, utilization of cervical cancer screening services is uniform among women of all parity level.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130238673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present article points to weaknesses of the modern model of healthcare based on pharmacology, which has been unable to resist the influenza virus COVID-19 that led to a planetary economic crisis. The proposed way out of the crisis is to change priorities, namely, the departure from pharmacology and focus on modern science-based natural approaches in the treatment of patients. The three most powerful approaches are described in some detail: water with a high negative redox potential (this is provided by hydrides dissolved in water), information therapy and low-intensity laser therapy. These methods have no side effects and even cure patients with a rejuvenating effect. Undoubtedly, they must be adopted by the healthcare system.
{"title":"Naturally Scientific Approach to the Treatment of Patients","authors":"V. Krasnoholovets","doi":"10.32861/ajls.67.67.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.67.67.75","url":null,"abstract":"The present article points to weaknesses of the modern model of healthcare based on pharmacology, which has been unable to resist the influenza virus COVID-19 that led to a planetary economic crisis. The proposed way out of the crisis is to change priorities, namely, the departure from pharmacology and focus on modern science-based natural approaches in the treatment of patients. The three most powerful approaches are described in some detail: water with a high negative redox potential (this is provided by hydrides dissolved in water), information therapy and low-intensity laser therapy. These methods have no side effects and even cure patients with a rejuvenating effect. Undoubtedly, they must be adopted by the healthcare system.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121979111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zakaria A. Salih, Haifaa AAbdelsalam, A. A. Aburigal, A. Sulieman
The aim of this study is to investigate physicochemical and sensory properties of cheese made by adding Moringa seeds extract (MSE) as coagulant. Cheese samples were processed by adding 2, 3 and 4% MSE. The results of proximate analysis indicated that moisture content was 40.8, 45.8 and 42.4%, while protein content 16.50, 16, 84 and 16.97 in cheese produced by addition of 2, 3 and 4% MSE, respectively. Statistically, significant differences (p<0.005) were found in both chemical components. The fat content (25.53, 25.72 and 25.92%) in concentrations 2, 3 and 4%, respectively. On the other hand, the highest fat content was found in cheese sample made by adding 4% MSE. The ash content increased by an increase of the concentration of MSE, and the highest value was found in cheese made by addition of 4% MSE (0.82%). Titratable acidity %, pH and The total solids (T.S%) of cheese increased significantly (p<0.005) by an increase of MSE. The mineral content of cheese was statistically affected (p<0.005) by addition of MSE. The microbiological analysis revealed that Colifrom and Salmonella were not detected in processed cheese. The sensory evaluation indicated that all cheese samples were accepted by the panelists with preference to the cheese prepared by 4% MSE. The study recommends using other parts of Moringa Oliefera in cheese coagulation and the effect of storage conditions on the quality of the cheese must be further investigated.
{"title":"Physicochemical, Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics of White Cheese Made by Adding Moringa Oleifera Seeds Extract","authors":"Zakaria A. Salih, Haifaa AAbdelsalam, A. A. Aburigal, A. Sulieman","doi":"10.32861/ajls.67.76.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.67.76.82","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate physicochemical and sensory properties of cheese made by adding Moringa seeds extract (MSE) as coagulant. Cheese samples were processed by adding 2, 3 and 4% MSE. The results of proximate analysis indicated that moisture content was 40.8, 45.8 and 42.4%, while protein content 16.50, 16, 84 and 16.97 in cheese produced by addition of 2, 3 and 4% MSE, respectively. Statistically, significant differences (p<0.005) were found in both chemical components. The fat content (25.53, 25.72 and 25.92%) in concentrations 2, 3 and 4%, respectively. On the other hand, the highest fat content was found in cheese sample made by adding 4% MSE. The ash content increased by an increase of the concentration of MSE, and the highest value was found in cheese made by addition of 4% MSE (0.82%). Titratable acidity %, pH and The total solids (T.S%) of cheese increased significantly (p<0.005) by an increase of MSE. The mineral content of cheese was statistically affected (p<0.005) by addition of MSE. The microbiological analysis revealed that Colifrom and Salmonella were not detected in processed cheese. The sensory evaluation indicated that all cheese samples were accepted by the panelists with preference to the cheese prepared by 4% MSE. The study recommends using other parts of Moringa Oliefera in cheese coagulation and the effect of storage conditions on the quality of the cheese must be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122773119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.32861/ajls.68.108.115
J. Alagbe, A. Ajagbe, Attama Jeremiah, K. C. Philemon, A. B. Kamoru
A total of Three hundred and seventy five (375) one day old (Ross 308) broiler chicks with mixed sex were used to examine the effects of Albizia lebbeck stem bark (ATSM) aqueous extract as alternative to antibiotic feed additives in broiler chicks diets: haematology, serum biochemical indices and oxidative status. Birds were divided to five treatments with five replicates of fifteen (15) birds in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 (basal diet + 0 % ATSM), treatment 2 (basal diet +1.2 grams Oxytetracycline per litre of water), treatment 3 (basal diet + 10 ml ATSM per liter of water), treatment 4 (basal diet + 20 ml ATSM per litre of water) and treatment 5 (basal diet + 30 ml ATSM per liter of water) and the trial lasted for 56 days. Results on some haematological parameters revealed that red blood cell (RBC), pack cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials were significantly ((P<0.05) different among the treatments. Total protein, glucose, urea, cholesterol, creatinine, aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly ((P<0.05) affected by ATSM. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and malonyldialdehyde (MLA) were significantly influenced by ATSM (P<0.05). It was concluded that ATSM could be administered to broiler chicks at 30 ml/litre without any negative effect on the general performance of birds.
采用375只1日龄混合性肉鸡(Ross 308)，研究了合合花主干树皮(ATSM)水提物作为抗生素饲料添加剂对肉鸡血液学、血清生化指标和氧化状态的影响。在完全随机设计中，将15只鸟分为5个处理，每个处理5个重复。处理1(基础日粮+ 0% ATSM)、处理2(基础日粮+每升水1.2 g土霉素)、处理3(基础日粮+每升水10 ml ATSM)、处理4(基础日粮+每升水20 ml ATSM)和处理5(基础日粮+每升水30 ml ATSM)，试验期56 d。血液学指标:红细胞(RBC)、红细胞体积(PCV)、血红蛋白(Hb)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、白细胞(WBC)及其差值在不同治疗组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ATSM对总蛋白、葡萄糖、尿素、胆固醇、肌酐、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)的影响显著(P<0.05)。超氧化物歧化酶(SDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛(MLA)活性均受ATSM显著影响(P<0.05)。综上所述，在肉鸡中以30 ml/l的剂量添加ATSM对鸡的一般生产性能无不良影响。
{"title":"Albizia Lebbeck Stem Bark Aqueous Extract as Alternative to Antibiotic Feed Additives in Broiler Chicks Diets: Haematology Serum Indices and Oxidative Status","authors":"J. Alagbe, A. Ajagbe, Attama Jeremiah, K. C. Philemon, A. B. Kamoru","doi":"10.32861/ajls.68.108.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.68.108.115","url":null,"abstract":"A total of Three hundred and seventy five (375) one day old (Ross 308) broiler chicks with mixed sex were used to examine the effects of Albizia lebbeck stem bark (ATSM) aqueous extract as alternative to antibiotic feed additives in broiler chicks diets: haematology, serum biochemical indices and oxidative status. Birds were divided to five treatments with five replicates of fifteen (15) birds in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 (basal diet + 0 % ATSM), treatment 2 (basal diet +1.2 grams Oxytetracycline per litre of water), treatment 3 (basal diet + 10 ml ATSM per liter of water), treatment 4 (basal diet + 20 ml ATSM per litre of water) and treatment 5 (basal diet + 30 ml ATSM per liter of water) and the trial lasted for 56 days. Results on some haematological parameters revealed that red blood cell (RBC), pack cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials were significantly ((P<0.05) different among the treatments. Total protein, glucose, urea, cholesterol, creatinine, aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly ((P<0.05) affected by ATSM. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and malonyldialdehyde (MLA) were significantly influenced by ATSM (P<0.05). It was concluded that ATSM could be administered to broiler chicks at 30 ml/litre without any negative effect on the general performance of birds.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116832046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahar B. Ahmed, G. Khiralla, Shimaa Abdalla Harudy, H. Elhariry
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the complications of diabetes. This study investigated the possibility of reducing neuropathy of STZ-induced diabetic rats by Terminalia muelleri extract (TE) and comparing the effect of the extract with the therapeutic effect of pioglitazone (PG) drug. The experimental animals were divided into non-diabetic (normal control), STZ-induced diabetic (diabetic control), TE-treated non-diabetic (200 mg/kg b.wt) (TE-group) TE-treated diabetic (200 mg/kg b.wt) (TE-STZ-group), and pioglitazone-treated diabetic (1.58 mg /kg b.wt) (PG-STZ-group). All treatments were administered orally by oral gavage once daily throughout the 4 weeks of the treatment period. In this study: malonaldehyde, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione and glutathione disulfide were examined as oxidative stress marker in the brain tissue of the experimental rats. The results indicated high oxidative stress in STZ-diabetic groups and reduced oxidative stress of groups treated with TE. The results of norepinephrine, dopamine, gammaamino- butyric acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and Casps-3 also demonstrated the possibility of using TE to attenuate the effects of neuropathy in experimental rats comparable to PG use. This indicated that the TE is promising alternative to chemical treatment with PG drug. This indicated that TE is promising alternative to chemical treatment with PG drug.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Terminalia muelleri Extract on Brain of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Albino Rats","authors":"Sahar B. Ahmed, G. Khiralla, Shimaa Abdalla Harudy, H. Elhariry","doi":"10.32861/ajls.66.53.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.66.53.60","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic neuropathy is one of the complications of diabetes. This study investigated the possibility of reducing neuropathy of STZ-induced diabetic rats by Terminalia muelleri extract (TE) and comparing the effect of the extract with the therapeutic effect of pioglitazone (PG) drug. The experimental animals were divided into non-diabetic (normal control), STZ-induced diabetic (diabetic control), TE-treated non-diabetic (200 mg/kg b.wt) (TE-group) TE-treated diabetic (200 mg/kg b.wt) (TE-STZ-group), and pioglitazone-treated diabetic (1.58 mg /kg b.wt) (PG-STZ-group). All treatments were administered orally by oral gavage once daily throughout the 4 weeks of the treatment period. In this study: malonaldehyde, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione and glutathione disulfide were examined as oxidative stress marker in the brain tissue of the experimental rats. The results indicated high oxidative stress in STZ-diabetic groups and reduced oxidative stress of groups treated with TE. The results of norepinephrine, dopamine, gammaamino- butyric acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and Casps-3 also demonstrated the possibility of using TE to attenuate the effects of neuropathy in experimental rats comparable to PG use. This indicated that the TE is promising alternative to chemical treatment with PG drug. This indicated that TE is promising alternative to chemical treatment with PG drug.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127920455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seahorse aquaculture can provide a platform to reduce pressure on its wild populations and to meet the demand for global trade. However, techniques for breeding seahorses are yet to established for every species and information is limited especially for species dwelling in Malaysian waters. Hippocampus trimaculatus is among the heavily exploited species and red listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under IUCN [1]. This study was conducted for one and a half years at the Fisheries Research Institute, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. The goal of this study was to develop a simple yet practical husbandry technique for H. trimaculatus. The study described protocols applied to the establishment of brooders, from the newborn to adulthood, and ultimately to the closure of the reproductive cycle. The seahorses were fed with a live diet ad libitum daily. Juveniles attained a total length of 50mm within a rearing period of 90 days. At 7 months old, the seahorses had reached their matured sizes of 111mm and 106mm for males and females respectively. After a year in captivity, we achieved the closure of the reproductive cycle for the captive-born H. trimaculatus. The results showed that the captive breeding of H. trimaculatus is feasible in Malaysia. These findings will be useful in promoting this species for commercial seahorse culturing and conservation purposes.
{"title":"Captive Breeding, Rearing and Closing of Reproductive Cycle of the Three Spot Seahorse, Hippocampus trimaculatus (Leach, 1814) \u0000PDF","authors":"M. S. Ismail, M. Harun, C. Yap","doi":"10.32861/ajls.64.27.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.64.27.33","url":null,"abstract":"Seahorse aquaculture can provide a platform to reduce pressure on its wild populations and to meet the demand for global trade. However, techniques for breeding seahorses are yet to established for every species and information is limited especially for species dwelling in Malaysian waters. Hippocampus trimaculatus is among the heavily exploited species and red listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under IUCN [1]. This study was conducted for one and a half years at the Fisheries Research Institute, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. The goal of this study was to develop a simple yet practical husbandry technique for H. trimaculatus. The study described protocols applied to the establishment of brooders, from the newborn to adulthood, and ultimately to the closure of the reproductive cycle. The seahorses were fed with a live diet ad libitum daily. Juveniles attained a total length of 50mm within a rearing period of 90 days. At 7 months old, the seahorses had reached their matured sizes of 111mm and 106mm for males and females respectively. After a year in captivity, we achieved the closure of the reproductive cycle for the captive-born H. trimaculatus. The results showed that the captive breeding of H. trimaculatus is feasible in Malaysia. These findings will be useful in promoting this species for commercial seahorse culturing and conservation purposes.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"347 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124286319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Algae are simple plants and most of them are aquatic and can grow in different water assets, for example, fresh water, salty water, and wastewater so they are considered as the more secure, non-focused and more effective plant. They have different pathways to fix dangerous gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) that causing climate change and converting sunlight, nitrogen and phosphorous into biomass. The objective of this article is to review the literature regarding the algae as biological alternative products and renewable energy source to throw light on a broad range of algae applications for provide some information on their related technology and industry that are financially feasible to counter balance in oil, and alleviate CO2 discharge or not. Algae have been explored for different applications as food; bioactive substances due to their high development rates, sensible developmental densities and high oil contents all that have been referred to as motivations to turn algae into biofuels. However, there are various obstacles including the sourcing of these algae, strain isolation, nutrient source, production management, harvesting, coproduct improvement, fuel extraction, refining and lingering biomass use. The use of algae as fuel might seem of no importance today, but it can gain importance tomorrow as petroleum is getting depleting day after day. The International Energy Agency expects contribution of biofuels by 6% of aggregate fuel use by 2030, yet could extend essentially if undeveloped oil fields are not gotten to or if generous new fields are not distinguished.
{"title":"Capabilities of Algae to Be Utilized As a Renewable Energy Source \u0000PDF","authors":"A. Sulieman, Eitimad H. Abel Rahman, W. Ahmed","doi":"10.32861/ajls.63.18.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.63.18.26","url":null,"abstract":"Algae are simple plants and most of them are aquatic and can grow in different water assets, for example, fresh water, salty water, and wastewater so they are considered as the more secure, non-focused and more effective plant. They have different pathways to fix dangerous gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) that causing climate change and converting sunlight, nitrogen and phosphorous into biomass. The objective of this article is to review the literature regarding the algae as biological alternative products and renewable energy source to throw light on a broad range of algae applications for provide some information on their related technology and industry that are financially feasible to counter balance in oil, and alleviate CO2 discharge or not. Algae have been explored for different applications as food; bioactive substances due to their high development rates, sensible developmental densities and high oil contents all that have been referred to as motivations to turn algae into biofuels. However, there are various obstacles including the sourcing of these algae, strain isolation, nutrient source, production management, harvesting, coproduct improvement, fuel extraction, refining and lingering biomass use. The use of algae as fuel might seem of no importance today, but it can gain importance tomorrow as petroleum is getting depleting day after day. The International Energy Agency expects contribution of biofuels by 6% of aggregate fuel use by 2030, yet could extend essentially if undeveloped oil fields are not gotten to or if generous new fields are not distinguished.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127560343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data on body weight and linear body measurements (LBMs) namely body height (BH), body length (BL), breast circumference (BC), thigh length (TL), bill length (BiL), wing length (WL) and shank length (SL) were taken from 120 ducks (i. e. 60 Muscovy and 60 Mallard ducks) at 4 and 8 weeks of age were analysed to obtain the phenotypic correlation between LBMs and body weight. The value of the pearson’s linear correlation coefficient to determine the level of relationship between the body weight and linear body measurement. This ranged from 0.488 (SL) – 0.996 (BH) and (0.729 (SL) – 0.996 (Bil) in Muscovy and Mallard duck at week 4 respectively. While, at week 8, the value of the pearson’s linear correlation coefficient ranges from 0.126 (Bil) – 0.960 (BL) and 0.735(BC) – 0.978 (BH) respectively. This positive and mostly significantly phenotypic relationship between the body weight and linear body measurements indicates that an improvement in one trait could leads to an improvement in the other. Correlation coefficients indicate the strength of a linear relation between traits and thus provide useful information about the traits involved for the purpose of breeding and improvement plan. This shows that favourable relationships exist among traits that have higher correlation coefficients, it further explains that such traits could be collectively included in the selection index to achieve positive phenotypic progress.
{"title":"Phenotypic Correlation of Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements in Muscovy (Cairinia Moschata) and Mallard (Anas Platyrhynchos) Ducks","authors":"F. Ologbose, S. W. Mbara","doi":"10.32861/ajls.62.13.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.62.13.17","url":null,"abstract":"Data on body weight and linear body measurements (LBMs) namely body height (BH), body length (BL), breast circumference (BC), thigh length (TL), bill length (BiL), wing length (WL) and shank length (SL) were taken from 120 ducks (i. e. 60 Muscovy and 60 Mallard ducks) at 4 and 8 weeks of age were analysed to obtain the phenotypic correlation between LBMs and body weight. The value of the pearson’s linear correlation coefficient to determine the level of relationship between the body weight and linear body measurement. This ranged from 0.488 (SL) – 0.996 (BH) and (0.729 (SL) – 0.996 (Bil) in Muscovy and Mallard duck at week 4 respectively. While, at week 8, the value of the pearson’s linear correlation coefficient ranges from 0.126 (Bil) – 0.960 (BL) and 0.735(BC) – 0.978 (BH) respectively. This positive and mostly significantly phenotypic relationship between the body weight and linear body measurements indicates that an improvement in one trait could leads to an improvement in the other. Correlation coefficients indicate the strength of a linear relation between traits and thus provide useful information about the traits involved for the purpose of breeding and improvement plan. This shows that favourable relationships exist among traits that have higher correlation coefficients, it further explains that such traits could be collectively included in the selection index to achieve positive phenotypic progress.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121216737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data on body weight and linear body measurements (LBMs) namely body height (BH), body length (BL), breast circumference (BC), thigh length (TL), bill length (BiL), wing length (WL) and shank length (SL) were taken from 120 ducks (i. e. 60 Muscovy and 60 Mallard ducks) at 4 and 8 weeks of age were analysed to obtain the phenotypic correlation between LBMs and body weight. The value of the pearson’s linear correlation coefficient to determine the level of relationship between the body weight and linear body measurement. This ranged from 0.488 (SL) – 0.996 (BH) and (0.729 (SL) – 0.996 (Bil) in Muscovy and Mallard duck at week 4 respectively. While, at week 8, the value of the pearson’s linear correlation coefficient ranges from 0.126 (Bil) – 0.960 (BL) and 0.735(BC) – 0.978 (BH) respectively. This positive and mostly significantly phenotypic relationship between the body weight and linear body measurements indicates that an improvement in one trait could leads to an improvement in the other. Correlation coefficients indicate the strength of a linear relation between traits and thus provide useful information about the traits involved for the purpose of breeding and improvement plan. This shows that favourable relationships exist among traits that have higher correlation coefficients, it further explains that such traits could be collectively included in the selection index to achieve positive phenotypic progress.
{"title":"Phenotypic Correlation of Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements in Muscovy (Cairinia Moschata) and Mallard (Anas Platyrhynchos) Ducks","authors":"I. OlogboseF.","doi":"10.32861/ajls.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.62","url":null,"abstract":"Data on body weight and linear body measurements (LBMs) namely body height (BH), body length (BL), breast circumference (BC), thigh length (TL), bill length (BiL), wing length (WL) and shank length (SL) were taken from 120 ducks (i. e. 60 Muscovy and 60 Mallard ducks) at 4 and 8 weeks of age were analysed to obtain the phenotypic correlation between LBMs and body weight. The value of the pearson’s linear correlation coefficient to determine the level of relationship between the body weight and linear body measurement. This ranged from 0.488 (SL) – 0.996 (BH) and (0.729 (SL) – 0.996 (Bil) in Muscovy and Mallard duck at week 4 respectively. While, at week 8, the value of the pearson’s linear correlation coefficient ranges from 0.126 (Bil) – 0.960 (BL) and 0.735(BC) – 0.978 (BH) respectively. This positive and mostly significantly phenotypic relationship between the body weight and linear body measurements indicates that an improvement in one trait could leads to an improvement in the other. Correlation coefficients indicate the strength of a linear relation between traits and thus provide useful information about the traits involved for the purpose of breeding and improvement plan. This shows that favourable relationships exist among traits that have higher correlation coefficients, it further explains that such traits could be collectively included in the selection index to achieve positive phenotypic progress.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133704377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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