Physico-chemistry quality is one of the most important factors besides good feed in plastic culture systems for fish production which varies with location or management amongst other factors. Some physical and chemical parameters in some outdoor plastic tanks used for fish culture in Roone Fish Farm (outdoor farm) and Hallelujah Fish Farms (indoor) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria were studied from October 2018 to September 2019. Some physico- chemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured in-situ while biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were analyzed in the laboratory following standard methods. The data obtained were subjected to Tukey’s comparison test. The observed results were: temperature (27.22±1.50 ℃), pH (6.79±0.83), TDS (14±58.10 mg/L), EC (25.25±15.20 µs/cm) and TOC (0.17±0.18 mg/L) (P>0.05). The recorded values for the measured parameters were within the acceptable limits for fish culture except for pH and DO that were below the acceptable limits. The study therefore recommends outdoor plastic tanks for fish production.
{"title":"Some Physico-Chemical Parameters of Plastic Tanks used for Fish Culture in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Davies O. A., Kpikpi P. B.","doi":"10.32861/ajls.91.7.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.91.7.13","url":null,"abstract":"Physico-chemistry quality is one of the most important factors besides good feed in plastic culture systems for fish production which varies with location or management amongst other factors. Some physical and chemical parameters in some outdoor plastic tanks used for fish culture in Roone Fish Farm (outdoor farm) and Hallelujah Fish Farms (indoor) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria were studied from October 2018 to September 2019. Some physico- chemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured in-situ while biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were analyzed in the laboratory following standard methods. The data obtained were subjected to Tukey’s comparison test. The observed results were: temperature (27.22±1.50 ℃), pH (6.79±0.83), TDS (14±58.10 mg/L), EC (25.25±15.20 µs/cm) and TOC (0.17±0.18 mg/L) (P>0.05). The recorded values for the measured parameters were within the acceptable limits for fish culture except for pH and DO that were below the acceptable limits. The study therefore recommends outdoor plastic tanks for fish production.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaria remains a threat and exert economic and social burdens in most communities in Africa. Medicinal plants have played an important role in the treatment of malaria worldwide. Several studies have shown that, the efficacies of most antimalarial agents are compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium species. This research was aimed at evaluating the synergistic effect of some medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. Three (3) plants samples were collected and used for the study. They include Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya and Psidium guajava leaves. They were dried and extracted using 50% methanol. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of three (3) plant extracts was carried out using standard methods. The individual extracts and their combinations were subjected to in vivo antiplasmodial activity. Synergistic effect was determined by checkboard method. Phytochemical screening of Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya and Psidium guajava leaves methanol extracts all revealed the presence of phenols, tannins and glycosides in all the extracts. Extract combination of Carica papaya and Psidium guajava demostrated 100% reduction of parasitemia at both 100 and 200 mg/kg b. wt respectively after 72-hour treatment. Determination of synergistic activity showed that Fractional Activity Index (FAI) of Carica papaya and Psidium guajava is greater than 1.0, hence the effect was considered to be additive. The findings of this study had provided scientific bases supporting the traditional use of the plants for the treatment of malaria.
{"title":"Additive Effect of Some Medicinal Plants Extracts Used for the Treatment of Malaria in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"I. Sani, Yusuf Ahmad Binji","doi":"10.32861/ajls.91.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.91.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria remains a threat and exert economic and social burdens in most communities in Africa. Medicinal plants have played an important role in the treatment of malaria worldwide. Several studies have shown that, the efficacies of most antimalarial agents are compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium species. This research was aimed at evaluating the synergistic effect of some medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. Three (3) plants samples were collected and used for the study. They include Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya and Psidium guajava leaves. They were dried and extracted using 50% methanol. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of three (3) plant extracts was carried out using standard methods. The individual extracts and their combinations were subjected to in vivo antiplasmodial activity. Synergistic effect was determined by checkboard method. Phytochemical screening of Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya and Psidium guajava leaves methanol extracts all revealed the presence of phenols, tannins and glycosides in all the extracts. Extract combination of Carica papaya and Psidium guajava demostrated 100% reduction of parasitemia at both 100 and 200 mg/kg b. wt respectively after 72-hour treatment. Determination of synergistic activity showed that Fractional Activity Index (FAI) of Carica papaya and Psidium guajava is greater than 1.0, hence the effect was considered to be additive. The findings of this study had provided scientific bases supporting the traditional use of the plants for the treatment of malaria.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. I. U, Edwards K. C., Itaman V. O., Udensi C. G., Unah O. G.
Soaps and other cleaning chemicals have been widely utilized for various cleaning purposes for a long time. As the skin is the first line of defense, most bacteria like Pseudomonas aureginosa and Staphylococcus aureus reside and are the primary cause of skin infections.The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effects of medicated soap (tetmosol) and antiseptic soap (premier cool) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound samples. The antibacterial activity of medicated and antiseptic soapswas investigated against test organisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using agar well and disk diffusion methods. After serial dilution, different concentrations of the various soap samples in the range of 200 mg/ml to 62.5 mg/ml were prepared (using sterile distilled water). The result of this study showed that the antiseptic soap “Premier cool” was found to be most effective against all the bacteria strains tested. The antiseptic soap had the highest zone of inhibition (19.00 ± 1.42 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus and 15.00 ± 0.34 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the highest dilution used (200mg/ml). The medicated soap “Tetmosol” exhibited a minimal antibacterial activity against the isolates with a zone of inhibitions of 16.00 ± 0.48 mm 14.00 ± 1.41 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration showed that antiseptic soap (Premier cool) had better MIC and MBC of 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml, respectively, on Staphylococcus aureus. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the MIC and MBC were 50 mg/ml, respectively. Medicated soap (Tetmosol) had a higher MIC of 25 mg/ml and MBC of 50 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the MIC and MBC were 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. The present work has shown that Staphylococcus aureusand Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to assayed medicated (Tetmosol) and antiseptic (Premier cool) soaps. This study proved that all the soaps samples had antibacterial activity against all the tested bacterial strains. Still, Premier cool soap is the most effective soap against all the given bacteria and should be the first choice for daily use. It is recommended that further studies should be done on antimicrobial resistance, both phenotypic and genotypic, concerning prolonged use of medicated and antiseptic soaps.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activities of Medicated and Antiseptic Soaps on Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Wound Infection","authors":"N. I. U, Edwards K. C., Itaman V. O., Udensi C. G., Unah O. G.","doi":"10.32861/ajls.83.39.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.83.39.45","url":null,"abstract":"Soaps and other cleaning chemicals have been widely utilized for various cleaning purposes for a long time. As the skin is the first line of defense, most bacteria like Pseudomonas aureginosa and Staphylococcus aureus reside and are the primary cause of skin infections.The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effects of medicated soap (tetmosol) and antiseptic soap (premier cool) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound samples. The antibacterial activity of medicated and antiseptic soapswas investigated against test organisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using agar well and disk diffusion methods. After serial dilution, different concentrations of the various soap samples in the range of 200 mg/ml to 62.5 mg/ml were prepared (using sterile distilled water). The result of this study showed that the antiseptic soap “Premier cool” was found to be most effective against all the bacteria strains tested. The antiseptic soap had the highest zone of inhibition (19.00 ± 1.42 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus and 15.00 ± 0.34 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the highest dilution used (200mg/ml). The medicated soap “Tetmosol” exhibited a minimal antibacterial activity against the isolates with a zone of inhibitions of 16.00 ± 0.48 mm 14.00 ± 1.41 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration showed that antiseptic soap (Premier cool) had better MIC and MBC of 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml, respectively, on Staphylococcus aureus. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the MIC and MBC were 50 mg/ml, respectively. Medicated soap (Tetmosol) had a higher MIC of 25 mg/ml and MBC of 50 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the MIC and MBC were 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. The present work has shown that Staphylococcus aureusand Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to assayed medicated (Tetmosol) and antiseptic (Premier cool) soaps. This study proved that all the soaps samples had antibacterial activity against all the tested bacterial strains. Still, Premier cool soap is the most effective soap against all the given bacteria and should be the first choice for daily use. It is recommended that further studies should be done on antimicrobial resistance, both phenotypic and genotypic, concerning prolonged use of medicated and antiseptic soaps.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123815877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amaranth has two morphological types, one is red and another is green. For this study, we collected five red and five green morph samples to analysis in terms of proximate, minerals, antioxidant pigments and phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in three replicates. The leaves of red amaranth are an outstanding source of dietary fiber, carbohydrates, moisture, and protein. We found remarkable potassium (6.55 mg/g), calcium (2.63 mg/g), magnesium (3.01 mg/g), iron (10.94 µg/g), manganese (13.16 µg/g), copper (2.01 µg/g), zinc (11.57 µg/g), carotenoids (47.13 mg/100g), total phenolics (14.36 GAEµg/g), vitamin C (50.74 mg/100g) and antioxidant activity (ABTS+) (25.27 TEACµg/g) in the red amaranth leaves. These data indicated that red and green could be considered as enriched in their antioxidant profiles. Carotenoids exhibited significant positive associations with TPC, TFC and TAC (ABTS+). Vitamin C had a minor and positive interrelationship with TAC, TFC, and TPC, although it exhibited negative and insignificant associations with carotenoids. TPC, TFC and TAC (ABTS+) showed a significant positive association. Red amaranth is an excellent source of nutrients, antioxidant pigments, minerals, and phytochemicals compared to green amaranth. In this investigation, it was revealed that flavonoids, phenolic compounds and carotenoids had strong antioxidant activity and significantly contributed to the antioxidant activity of the green and red of amaranth. Red amaranth could be a potential source of nutritional components and antioxidant phytochemicals in the human diet providing opportunities to address mineral nutrient deficiencies and provide an antioxidant rich food.
{"title":"Comparison of the Nutrient Compositions in Red and Green Amaranthus (Amaranthus hypochondriacus)","authors":"M. Haque, M. Islam, Elora Parvin, et. al.","doi":"10.32861/ajls.83.33.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.83.33.39","url":null,"abstract":"Amaranth has two morphological types, one is red and another is green. For this study, we collected five red and five green morph samples to analysis in terms of proximate, minerals, antioxidant pigments and phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in three replicates. The leaves of red amaranth are an outstanding source of dietary fiber, carbohydrates, moisture, and protein. We found remarkable potassium (6.55 mg/g), calcium (2.63 mg/g), magnesium (3.01 mg/g), iron (10.94 µg/g), manganese (13.16 µg/g), copper (2.01 µg/g), zinc (11.57 µg/g), carotenoids (47.13 mg/100g), total phenolics (14.36 GAEµg/g), vitamin C (50.74 mg/100g) and antioxidant activity (ABTS+) (25.27 TEACµg/g) in the red amaranth leaves. These data indicated that red and green could be considered as enriched in their antioxidant profiles. Carotenoids exhibited significant positive associations with TPC, TFC and TAC (ABTS+). Vitamin C had a minor and positive interrelationship with TAC, TFC, and TPC, although it exhibited negative and insignificant associations with carotenoids. TPC, TFC and TAC (ABTS+) showed a significant positive association. Red amaranth is an excellent source of nutrients, antioxidant pigments, minerals, and phytochemicals compared to green amaranth. In this investigation, it was revealed that flavonoids, phenolic compounds and carotenoids had strong antioxidant activity and significantly contributed to the antioxidant activity of the green and red of amaranth. Red amaranth could be a potential source of nutritional components and antioxidant phytochemicals in the human diet providing opportunities to address mineral nutrient deficiencies and provide an antioxidant rich food.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128388233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The move towards a de-carbonised world, driven partly by climate science and partly by the business opportunities it offers, will need the promotion of environmentally friendly alternatives, if an acceptable stabilisation level of atmospheric carbon dioxide is to be achieved. The use of natural resources that have not any air pollution or greenhouse gases and provides comfortable coexistence of human, livestock, and plants. The greenhouses require air conditioning process to control their temperature and relative humidity to suit specific plants. To achieve this goal, a novel air humidifier and/or dehumidifier systems using mop fans had been designed and employed in an experimental greenhouse to evaluate its performance under a controlled environment. The mop fans help to reduce the energy consumption of the greenhouse whilst providing a pleasant environment for the plants inside the greenhouse. The system was designed taking into account the meteorological conditions, which affect the environment inside the greenhouse. The performance of the system was monitored over a period of time by measuring the temperature and relative humidity of the greenhouse. Results of the monitoring have shown that the system was able to provide comfortable conditions (temperatures of 16-26oC and relative humidity of 65%) suitable for the plants grown in the experimental greenhouse. This device enables to minimise the temperature variation and, hence, avoided the hazard of any sudden climatic change inside the greenhouse.
{"title":"Analysis of Development in Solar Greenhouses","authors":"A. Omer","doi":"10.32861/ajls.82.14.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.82.14.32","url":null,"abstract":"The move towards a de-carbonised world, driven partly by climate science and partly by the business opportunities it offers, will need the promotion of environmentally friendly alternatives, if an acceptable stabilisation level of atmospheric carbon dioxide is to be achieved. The use of natural resources that have not any air pollution or greenhouse gases and provides comfortable coexistence of human, livestock, and plants. The greenhouses require air conditioning process to control their temperature and relative humidity to suit specific plants. To achieve this goal, a novel air humidifier and/or dehumidifier systems using mop fans had been designed and employed in an experimental greenhouse to evaluate its performance under a controlled environment. The mop fans help to reduce the energy consumption of the greenhouse whilst providing a pleasant environment for the plants inside the greenhouse. The system was designed taking into account the meteorological conditions, which affect the environment inside the greenhouse. The performance of the system was monitored over a period of time by measuring the temperature and relative humidity of the greenhouse. Results of the monitoring have shown that the system was able to provide comfortable conditions (temperatures of 16-26oC and relative humidity of 65%) suitable for the plants grown in the experimental greenhouse. This device enables to minimise the temperature variation and, hence, avoided the hazard of any sudden climatic change inside the greenhouse.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132517027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advent of human trafficking has become a global plague in the twentieth century. This study examined self-esteem as a predictor of Post-Traumatic stress among a group of selected victims of human trafficking. A correlational survey design was adopted in the study. The accidental sampling technique was used to select seventy-eight (78) victims of human trafficking who were in different zones of the National Agency for Trafficked Persons (NAPTIP). Post-traumatic Stress Scale, developed by Keane et al (1984) (α = .97) and the Inventory for Self-Esteem by Hudson, (1984) = (α. 92) was used to gather necessary information for the study. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested using an independent t-test and simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that self-esteem showed an inverse prediction on post-traumatic stress disorder (β = -.28 p < .01), and the scores of victims with low self–esteem (X) = 26.14, high self–esteem (X) = 20.44 were significantly different. The observed difference in the mean reached a significant level at t (53) = -3. 26, P<.05. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the National Agency for Trafficked Persons and other humanitarian organizations should establish a clinical unit within their organizations to help victims learn and become psychologically resilient should engage victims into therapeutic and educational programs and using clinical interventions to help boost self-esteem, and self-awareness of these victims to reduce the trauma associated problems associated with the heinous activities of human trafficking.
{"title":"Self-Esteem as Predictor of Post-Traumatic Stress among Victims of Human Trafficking in South-West Nigeria","authors":"D. Donald, O. O.","doi":"10.32861/ajls.82.8.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.82.8.13","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of human trafficking has become a global plague in the twentieth century. This study examined self-esteem as a predictor of Post-Traumatic stress among a group of selected victims of human trafficking. A correlational survey design was adopted in the study. The accidental sampling technique was used to select seventy-eight (78) victims of human trafficking who were in different zones of the National Agency for Trafficked Persons (NAPTIP). Post-traumatic Stress Scale, developed by Keane et al (1984) (α = .97) and the Inventory for Self-Esteem by Hudson, (1984) = (α. 92) was used to gather necessary information for the study. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested using an independent t-test and simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that self-esteem showed an inverse prediction on post-traumatic stress disorder (β = -.28 p < .01), and the scores of victims with low self–esteem (X) = 26.14, high self–esteem (X) = 20.44 were significantly different. The observed difference in the mean reached a significant level at t (53) = -3. 26, P<.05. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the National Agency for Trafficked Persons and other humanitarian organizations should establish a clinical unit within their organizations to help victims learn and become psychologically resilient should engage victims into therapeutic and educational programs and using clinical interventions to help boost self-esteem, and self-awareness of these victims to reduce the trauma associated problems associated with the heinous activities of human trafficking.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124699599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vibrio species are autochthonous in the aquatic environment, and are among the leading causes of waterborne disease outbreaks. The ecological prevalence of Vibrio spp. is however influenced by the environmental dynamics of the reservoir system. The study was therefore aimed at assessing the physicochemical as well as seasonal factors that influence the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in some communities in Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. A total of 28 water samples collected in two seasons, were subjected to bacteriological and physicochemical analysis, using standard procedures. The data obtained from the study showed that the physicochemical parameters were within WHO permissible limits except for pH which had mean values within the acidic range and varied between 5.51±0.32 during the wet season, and 5.78±0.79 during the dry season. Statistical analysis of the data obtained however showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the conductivity values with respect to location, sample type (boreholes and wells) and season, TDS, Salinity and pH were however, significantly different (p < 0.05) with respect to location only. The study on the prevalence of the Vibrio spp. in the water sources showed a prevalence rate of 29.16% in the well water samples compared to the borehole water samples with 25% mean prevalence rate. The prevalence based on location further showed that Inyorong Community had the highest prevalence rate of 50%, followed by Ngo Community with 37.5% prevalence rate, while Ukwa Community had the lowest prevalence rate of 12.5 %. Also, assessment of the seasonal prevalence of the bacteria revealed the occurrence of the isolates was 37.5% and 16.6% in the wet and dry season, respectively. The presence of Vibrio spp. in these communities in Andoni Local Government Area is of a public health concern. Regular surveillance alongside preventive measures is therefore recommended for the prevention of cholera related disease outbreaks.
{"title":"Conceptual Profile of Vibrio Species and the Associated Physicochemical Dynamics of Some Aquatic Reservoirs in Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"T. Sampson, K. Moro, L. Peekate","doi":"10.32861/ajls.81.1.7.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.81.1.7.","url":null,"abstract":"Vibrio species are autochthonous in the aquatic environment, and are among the leading causes of waterborne disease outbreaks. The ecological prevalence of Vibrio spp. is however influenced by the environmental dynamics of the reservoir system. The study was therefore aimed at assessing the physicochemical as well as seasonal factors that influence the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in some communities in Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. A total of 28 water samples collected in two seasons, were subjected to bacteriological and physicochemical analysis, using standard procedures. The data obtained from the study showed that the physicochemical parameters were within WHO permissible limits except for pH which had mean values within the acidic range and varied between 5.51±0.32 during the wet season, and 5.78±0.79 during the dry season. Statistical analysis of the data obtained however showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the conductivity values with respect to location, sample type (boreholes and wells) and season, TDS, Salinity and pH were however, significantly different (p < 0.05) with respect to location only. The study on the prevalence of the Vibrio spp. in the water sources showed a prevalence rate of 29.16% in the well water samples compared to the borehole water samples with 25% mean prevalence rate. The prevalence based on location further showed that Inyorong Community had the highest prevalence rate of 50%, followed by Ngo Community with 37.5% prevalence rate, while Ukwa Community had the lowest prevalence rate of 12.5 %. Also, assessment of the seasonal prevalence of the bacteria revealed the occurrence of the isolates was 37.5% and 16.6% in the wet and dry season, respectively. The presence of Vibrio spp. in these communities in Andoni Local Government Area is of a public health concern. Regular surveillance alongside preventive measures is therefore recommended for the prevention of cholera related disease outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124796397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Apenuvor, J. Blay, Joseph Aggreyfynn, Simon Drafor
Over-population and stunted growth had been major challenges in the culture of tilapia. The use of synthetic androgen 17- α Methyl Testosterone (MT) was a breakthrough. However, its optimum level towards effective masculinization and growth is a concern. The aim of this research was to ascertain the optimum level of MT towards effective all-male population production and growth of Black-Chinned tilapia. In the present study, the effect of different dose rates of synthetic androgen 17-α Methyl Testosterone (MT) i.e., 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg of the hormone per kg of feed on sex, growth, and condition of Black-Chinned tilapia was evaluated. MT was administered orally by using powdered dry starter feed (Crude Protein 40 %) and Ethanol. The fry was fed for 30 days in the experimental tanks. At the end of the experiment, the sex ratios were determined by examining the operculum coloration as a means of sex identification. Growth performance was monitored by measuring and recording the morphometric characteristics. Bodyweight and total length of the fish on the start of feeding, end of feeding (one month sex reversal period), and two months after feeding were measured. The results of the present study showed that all MT receiving treatment showed a significantly higher male proportion than the control (0 mg MT/kg feed individuals). In all MT treatments groups, the control expects the 30 mg MT/kg in feed individuals’ deviate significantly from the normal 1:1 sex ratio (Chi-square analysis). The dose rate of 120 mg MT /kg feed resulted in the maximum male population (92.7%). Hence, for an effective high percentage of all-male population production in Black-Chinned tilapia, 120 mg MT /kg in feed is recommended. In terms of growth and condition factor, all the individual treatments, as well as the control, showed no significant difference. All the treated individuals showed similar condition factors during the pre and post-treatment, however, the individuals treated with 30 mg MT /kg feed exhibited better condition during the pre-treatment than the post-treatment period. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen recorded in this study were within the desirable limit for tilapia.
{"title":"Effect of Different Doses of 17 Α -Methyltestosterone on Masculinization, Pre-Post Treatment Growth Parameters and Condition Factor of Sarotherodon Melanotheron in Pond System","authors":"T. Apenuvor, J. Blay, Joseph Aggreyfynn, Simon Drafor","doi":"10.32861/ajls.74.56.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.74.56.62","url":null,"abstract":"Over-population and stunted growth had been major challenges in the culture of tilapia. The use of synthetic androgen 17- α Methyl Testosterone (MT) was a breakthrough. However, its optimum level towards effective masculinization and growth is a concern. The aim of this research was to ascertain the optimum level of MT towards effective all-male population production and growth of Black-Chinned tilapia. In the present study, the effect of different dose rates of synthetic androgen 17-α Methyl Testosterone (MT) i.e., 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg of the hormone per kg of feed on sex, growth, and condition of Black-Chinned tilapia was evaluated. MT was administered orally by using powdered dry starter feed (Crude Protein 40 %) and Ethanol. The fry was fed for 30 days in the experimental tanks. At the end of the experiment, the sex ratios were determined by examining the operculum coloration as a means of sex identification. Growth performance was monitored by measuring and recording the morphometric characteristics. Bodyweight and total length of the fish on the start of feeding, end of feeding (one month sex reversal period), and two months after feeding were measured. The results of the present study showed that all MT receiving treatment showed a significantly higher male proportion than the control (0 mg MT/kg feed individuals). In all MT treatments groups, the control expects the 30 mg MT/kg in feed individuals’ deviate significantly from the normal 1:1 sex ratio (Chi-square analysis). The dose rate of 120 mg MT /kg feed resulted in the maximum male population (92.7%). Hence, for an effective high percentage of all-male population production in Black-Chinned tilapia, 120 mg MT /kg in feed is recommended. In terms of growth and condition factor, all the individual treatments, as well as the control, showed no significant difference. All the treated individuals showed similar condition factors during the pre and post-treatment, however, the individuals treated with 30 mg MT /kg feed exhibited better condition during the pre-treatment than the post-treatment period. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen recorded in this study were within the desirable limit for tilapia.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129767112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amirova M. F., Abiyev H. A., M. Kh. R, H. E. E., Dashdamirova G. S., M. Kh. R
When training athletes, it is often required to know the biochemical processes leading to the formation of high-energy compounds and increasing the coefficient of efficiency at the time of their formation. This will require taking into account the maximum desired duration of each workout, and the type of nutrients used to meet the needs of energy expenditure during the workout. In this article, the ways of energy production during the different exercises, and some training preferable for perfect energy production are represented. The paper also provides information on various factors limiting the speed of athletes and suggests ways to overcome some of these limits.
{"title":"Supplemental Support for Energy Yield During Supramaximal Exhaustive Sporting Events","authors":"Amirova M. F., Abiyev H. A., M. Kh. R, H. E. E., Dashdamirova G. S., M. Kh. R","doi":"10.32861/AJLS.72.45.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/AJLS.72.45.47","url":null,"abstract":"When training athletes, it is often required to know the biochemical processes leading to the formation of high-energy compounds and increasing the coefficient of efficiency at the time of their formation. This will require taking into account the maximum desired duration of each workout, and the type of nutrients used to meet the needs of energy expenditure during the workout. In this article, the ways of energy production during the different exercises, and some training preferable for perfect energy production are represented. The paper also provides information on various factors limiting the speed of athletes and suggests ways to overcome some of these limits.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130146969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vegetable oils have many nutritional and therapeutic benefits, as it contains essential fatty acids and antioxidant compounds. In this study, virgin olive oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, and sesame oil were used in labneh manufacture for increasing its health benefits. Labneh was manufactured by using reconstituted milk skim milk powder and 1-2% of different vegetable oils. The chemical, rheological, microbiological, and organoleptic properties of labneh manufactured by using vegetable oils were determined. There were slight significant differences in moisture, protein, total nitrogen, fat, and ash values in labneh treatments while pH values decreased gradually until 21 days may be due to an increase in the acidity. Total viable count was gradually increased during storage up to 14 days, then they decreased in 21 days period of storage in treatments. Lactobacillus count was gradually increased during storage up to 21 days. Coliform and staphylococcus bacteria were not detected, while yeasts and molds were detected and reached a maximum at 21 days. Fracture, hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness springiness, and chewiness of fresh labneh treatments were determined. Organoleptic properties showed that with the increase in the percentage of vegetable oils, the total score of labneh treatments decreased, except for sesame oil. On other hand, all labneh treatments were sensually acceptable. The best treatment was fortified with 1% sunflower oil, it had a total score higher than the control treatment. Fortified labneh with virgin olive, sunflower, corn, and sesame oils can be considered as a new product with functional properties.
{"title":"Chemical, Rheological, Microbiological and Organoleptic Properties of Labneh Manufactured by Using Some Vegetable Oils","authors":"M. Hamad, D. El-Bushuty, A. Abdallah","doi":"10.32861/AJLS.71.28.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/AJLS.71.28.38","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetable oils have many nutritional and therapeutic benefits, as it contains essential fatty acids and antioxidant compounds. In this study, virgin olive oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, and sesame oil were used in labneh manufacture for increasing its health benefits. Labneh was manufactured by using reconstituted milk skim milk powder and 1-2% of different vegetable oils. The chemical, rheological, microbiological, and organoleptic properties of labneh manufactured by using vegetable oils were determined. There were slight significant differences in moisture, protein, total nitrogen, fat, and ash values in labneh treatments while pH values decreased gradually until 21 days may be due to an increase in the acidity. Total viable count was gradually increased during storage up to 14 days, then they decreased in 21 days period of storage in treatments. Lactobacillus count was gradually increased during storage up to 21 days. Coliform and staphylococcus bacteria were not detected, while yeasts and molds were detected and reached a maximum at 21 days. Fracture, hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness springiness, and chewiness of fresh labneh treatments were determined. Organoleptic properties showed that with the increase in the percentage of vegetable oils, the total score of labneh treatments decreased, except for sesame oil. On other hand, all labneh treatments were sensually acceptable. The best treatment was fortified with 1% sunflower oil, it had a total score higher than the control treatment. Fortified labneh with virgin olive, sunflower, corn, and sesame oils can be considered as a new product with functional properties.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132810326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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