Two field experiments were conducted during two seasons of 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the effect of both bio-fertilizer (inoculated or uninoculated) and selenium (Se) spray at 0.5, and 10 ppm on vegetative growth, pigments, yield and quality of potato plants. The results indicated that, vegetative growth characters (number of leaves, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, leaf area and leaf pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a and b were significantly increased with Bio-fertilizers (Halex-2, and High rate of Se (10 ppm), in both seasons. Plant yield of tuber, number of tubers/plant, average tuber weight and tuber yield/Fed and (tuber content of starch and protein), generally, seemed to be increased with the Bio-fertilizer (Halex-2) and high rate of Se, in both growing seasons. The interaction between Bio-fertilizer (Halex-2) and Se reflected positive effects on the all studied quantitative and qualitative characters of potato plants.
{"title":"Effect of Bio-Fertilizer and Foliar Spray of Selenium of Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato Plants","authors":"R. Aly, K. Abdel-Halim","doi":"10.32861/ajls.61.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.61.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Two field experiments were conducted during two seasons of 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the effect of both bio-fertilizer (inoculated or uninoculated) and selenium (Se) spray at 0.5, and 10 ppm on vegetative growth, pigments, yield and quality of potato plants. The results indicated that, vegetative growth characters (number of leaves, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, leaf area and leaf pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a and b were significantly increased with Bio-fertilizers (Halex-2, and High rate of Se (10 ppm), in both seasons. Plant yield of tuber, number of tubers/plant, average tuber weight and tuber yield/Fed and (tuber content of starch and protein), generally, seemed to be increased with the Bio-fertilizer (Halex-2) and high rate of Se, in both growing seasons. The interaction between Bio-fertilizer (Halex-2) and Se reflected positive effects on the all studied quantitative and qualitative characters of potato plants.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126732141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.32861/ajls.512.107.115
A. J.O
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and some hemato-biochemical parameters of broilers fed different levels of Pakia biglobosa leaf extract (BPE). Two hundred and fifty (250) one day old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments with five replicate consisting of ten (10) bird each in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 contained 0% BPE, Treatment 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 5ml, 10ml, 15ml and 20ml per liter of water respectively. Clean feed and water were offered ad libitum throughout the experiment which lasted for 7 weeks during which data on performance, hematology and serum biochemical traits were collected. Results revealed that BPE had a significant (p<0.05) effect on final weight, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate. Birds given 20ml (T5) BPE recorded the highest weight gain (1846.1g) followed by 15ml (T4) with 1839.1g, 10ml (T3) with 1763.1, 5ml (T2) with 1757.1g and 0ml (T1) with 1679.0g respectively. BPE had no significant (p>0.05) on the feed intake of the birds. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in PCV, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC values among the treatment. However, WBC and its differentials were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by BPE. Significant influences were not observed for albumin, globulin and total protein. Serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were significantly affected (P<0.05) as the level of BPE increased in the water of the animals. It was concluded BPE can be safely included in the water of birds at 15ml and 20ml without any deleterious effect on the performance and health of the animals.
{"title":"Growth Performance and Heamato-Biochemical Parameters of Broilers Chicken Fed Different Levels of Pakia Biglobosa Leaf Extracts","authors":"A. J.O","doi":"10.32861/ajls.512.107.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.512.107.115","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and some hemato-biochemical parameters of broilers fed different levels of Pakia biglobosa leaf extract (BPE). Two hundred and fifty (250) one day old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments with five replicate consisting of ten (10) bird each in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 contained 0% BPE, Treatment 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 5ml, 10ml, 15ml and 20ml per liter of water respectively. Clean feed and water were offered ad libitum throughout the experiment which lasted for 7 weeks during which data on performance, hematology and serum biochemical traits were collected. Results revealed that BPE had a significant (p<0.05) effect on final weight, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate. Birds given 20ml (T5) BPE recorded the highest weight gain (1846.1g) followed by 15ml (T4) with 1839.1g, 10ml (T3) with 1763.1, 5ml (T2) with 1757.1g and 0ml (T1) with 1679.0g respectively. BPE had no significant (p>0.05) on the feed intake of the birds. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in PCV, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC values among the treatment. However, WBC and its differentials were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by BPE. Significant influences were not observed for albumin, globulin and total protein. Serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were significantly affected (P<0.05) as the level of BPE increased in the water of the animals. It was concluded BPE can be safely included in the water of birds at 15ml and 20ml without any deleterious effect on the performance and health of the animals.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129192621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-10DOI: 10.32861/ajls.511.107.111
A. J. O., O. Abiodun, Adewemimo A., Tanimomo Babatunde Kayode
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the carcass, caeca microbial parameters of broilers fed different levels of mixed lemon grass and garlic extract (CLGE). Five hundred broiler chickens (Ross 308) were allotted to five treatments with five replicate consisting of 20 birds each in a completely randomized design (CRD). The first group T1 was given 0.025g/litre Neomycin in water while T2, T3, T4 and T5 were given CLGE at levels 3.0ml/litre, 6.0ml/litre, 9.0ml/litre and 12.0 ml/ litre of water respectively. The experiment lasted for four weeks each for the starter and finisher respectively. Results on dressing percentages revealed that birds given 12.0 ml/l CLGE was highest (76.87%) followed by those in T4 (76.54 %), T3 (75.61 %), T2 (75.00%) and T1 (70.01%). Significant influences (P<0.05) were also observed in the relative organ weight (liver, kidney, spleen, heart, pancreas, gizzard and proventriculus). There were also significant differences (P<0.05) in the caeca microbial population of E.coli and lactobacillus count as well as the antibody titer against Newcastle and gumboro disease. Birds in T5 had the lowest E.coli count (9.00 cfu/g) when compared to T1 (22.19 cfu/g) with the highest proportion of the bacteria. It was concluded that CLGE could be given to broilers at 12.0ml/liter without any negative effect on the health and can be used to effectively replace antibiotics.
{"title":"Carcass, Ceacal Microbial Population and Immune Parameters of Broilers Given Different Levels of Mixed Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon Citratus) and Garlic (Allium Sativum) Extract","authors":"A. J. O., O. Abiodun, Adewemimo A., Tanimomo Babatunde Kayode","doi":"10.32861/ajls.511.107.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.511.107.111","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted to evaluate the carcass, caeca microbial parameters of broilers fed different levels of mixed lemon grass and garlic extract (CLGE). Five hundred broiler chickens (Ross 308) were allotted to five treatments with five replicate consisting of 20 birds each in a completely randomized design (CRD). The first group T1 was given 0.025g/litre Neomycin in water while T2, T3, T4 and T5 were given CLGE at levels 3.0ml/litre, 6.0ml/litre, 9.0ml/litre and 12.0 ml/ litre of water respectively. The experiment lasted for four weeks each for the starter and finisher respectively. Results on dressing percentages revealed that birds given 12.0 ml/l CLGE was highest (76.87%) followed by those in T4 (76.54 %), T3 (75.61 %), T2 (75.00%) and T1 (70.01%). Significant influences (P<0.05) were also observed in the relative organ weight (liver, kidney, spleen, heart, pancreas, gizzard and proventriculus). There were also significant differences (P<0.05) in the caeca microbial population of E.coli and lactobacillus count as well as the antibody titer against Newcastle and gumboro disease. Birds in T5 had the lowest E.coli count (9.00 cfu/g) when compared to T1 (22.19 cfu/g) with the highest proportion of the bacteria. It was concluded that CLGE could be given to broilers at 12.0ml/liter without any negative effect on the health and can be used to effectively replace antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116990992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-05DOI: 10.32861/ajls.511.93.106
K. Abdel-Halim, Abeer A. El-Ghanam
Antifungal efficacy for some oxides of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) e.g. magnesium (MgO), copper (CuO), silicon (SiO2) and zinc (ZnO) was evaluated against fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotioum on bean plants under different conditions. The examined NPs exhibited significant effect on hyphal morphology and fungal linear growth under field trail in the following order: MgONPs> SiO2NPs> ZnONPs> CuONPs compared with control group. However under storage condition, the disease severity along NPs-treated bean pods were in the order: MgONPs> SiO2NPs> ZnONPs> CuONPs compared with infected control which did not exceed 30.23% and non-infected (14.68%). Bean pods treated with NPs showed significantly increase in chlorophyll content, total phenols, and ascorbic acid compared with non-infected pods during storage period for 4 weeks. The examined NPs exhibited positive accumulation in pods tissues, except MgO was lower than non-infected group. The present findings may display the potential effect metal oxides in agricultural sector need more studies to achieve their adverse effects on consumers and environmental impacts.
{"title":"Antifungal Potent of Some Metallic Nanoparticles against Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum on Common Bean Plants: An Emphasis for Biochemical Alterations and Metal Accumulation","authors":"K. Abdel-Halim, Abeer A. El-Ghanam","doi":"10.32861/ajls.511.93.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.511.93.106","url":null,"abstract":"Antifungal efficacy for some oxides of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) e.g. magnesium (MgO), copper (CuO), silicon (SiO2) and zinc (ZnO) was evaluated against fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotioum on bean plants under different conditions. The examined NPs exhibited significant effect on hyphal morphology and fungal linear growth under field trail in the following order: MgONPs> SiO2NPs> ZnONPs> CuONPs compared with control group. However under storage condition, the disease severity along NPs-treated bean pods were in the order: MgONPs> SiO2NPs> ZnONPs> CuONPs compared with infected control which did not exceed 30.23% and non-infected (14.68%). Bean pods treated with NPs showed significantly increase in chlorophyll content, total phenols, and ascorbic acid compared with non-infected pods during storage period for 4 weeks. The examined NPs exhibited positive accumulation in pods tissues, except MgO was lower than non-infected group. The present findings may display the potential effect metal oxides in agricultural sector need more studies to achieve their adverse effects on consumers and environmental impacts.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131534015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study is to synthesize a number of oximes along with their terphthaloyl oxime esters derived from acetophenone, 4-methylacetophenone, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, 4-aminoacetophenone and 4-nitroacetophenone as a part of ongoing research. Five acetophenone oximes have been synthesized by refluxing the acetophenone derivative with a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of potassium hydroxide. The corresponding acetophenone oximes were obtained as solid materials in moderate to good yields. The structures of the resulting oximes were confirmed using IR, NMR and mass spectrometer. The HNMR data revealed that one oxime of the synthesized oximes was obtained as a mixture of two E/Z isomers in a ratio of (8:1). These resulting oximes were subjected into an esterification process with the terphthaloyl chloride in molar ratio of (1:2) respectively. The esterification reaction was carried out under basic conditions at 0 – 5 ºC then room temperature. The five corresponding bridged terphthaloyl oxime esters have been formed as solid materials in moderate yields. The structures of the obtained terphthaloyl esters were also confirmed by spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR and mass spec.
{"title":"Synthesis of Some Acetophenone Oximes and Their Corresponding Bridged Terphthaloyl Oxime Esters","authors":"R. Bawa, Mona Mohammed Friwan","doi":"10.32861/ajls.511.87.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.511.87.92","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to synthesize a number of oximes along with their terphthaloyl oxime esters derived from acetophenone, 4-methylacetophenone, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, 4-aminoacetophenone and 4-nitroacetophenone as a part of ongoing research. Five acetophenone oximes have been synthesized by refluxing the acetophenone derivative with a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of potassium hydroxide. The corresponding acetophenone oximes were obtained as solid materials in moderate to good yields. The structures of the resulting oximes were confirmed using IR, NMR and mass spectrometer. The HNMR data revealed that one oxime of the synthesized oximes was obtained as a mixture of two E/Z isomers in a ratio of (8:1). These resulting oximes were subjected into an esterification process with the terphthaloyl chloride in molar ratio of (1:2) respectively. The esterification reaction was carried out under basic conditions at 0 – 5 ºC then room temperature. The five corresponding bridged terphthaloyl oxime esters have been formed as solid materials in moderate yields. The structures of the obtained terphthaloyl esters were also confirmed by spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR and mass spec.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130394870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efficiency of prepared nano-abamectin was assayed against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Prepared formulation showed spherical particles ranged from 66 to 133 nm under examination of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and same pattern of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum in comparison of conventional acaricide (Vertimecâ). In laboratory trail, toxicity index at LC50 level confirmed that nano-abamectin was greater toxic to adult female, T. urticae (Koch) with value; 30 than Vertimecâ 1.8% EC. Similarly, nano-abamectin reduced the mite fecundity at levels greater than those of Vertimecâ. Regarding field trail, nano-abamectin at rate of 60 ml/ha showed very toxic effects after 3 day of spraying followed by 7 and 14 days on soybean plants achieving % of mortality; 89.98, 83.80 and 76.90%, respectively. These findings showed that, bioactivity of nano-acaricide were many folds higher than conventional acaricide against mite, T. urticae (Koch). However, the biosafety issues may be also addressed.
{"title":"Acaricidal Activity of Nano-Abamectin Against the Two-Spotted Spider Mite; Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)","authors":"K. Abdel-Halim, F. Kalmosh","doi":"10.32861/ajls.510.81.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.510.81.86","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of prepared nano-abamectin was assayed against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Prepared formulation showed spherical particles ranged from 66 to 133 nm under examination of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and same pattern of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum in comparison of conventional acaricide (Vertimecâ). In laboratory trail, toxicity index at LC50 level confirmed that nano-abamectin was greater toxic to adult female, T. urticae (Koch) with value; 30 than Vertimecâ 1.8% EC. Similarly, nano-abamectin reduced the mite fecundity at levels greater than those of Vertimecâ. Regarding field trail, nano-abamectin at rate of 60 ml/ha showed very toxic effects after 3 day of spraying followed by 7 and 14 days on soybean plants achieving % of mortality; 89.98, 83.80 and 76.90%, respectively. These findings showed that, bioactivity of nano-acaricide were many folds higher than conventional acaricide against mite, T. urticae (Koch). However, the biosafety issues may be also addressed.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128333097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogen gas could provide attractive options as ideal fuel for a world, in which environmental friendly and economically sustainable manner. Microalgae have the ability to bio-synthesis hydrogen gas. Algal H2 does do not generate any toxic or polluting bi-products and could potentially offer value-added products derived from algal biomass. In this work, the feasibility of coupling sulfur deprivation and light on hydrogen production by Chlamydomonas sp grown in photobioreactor was investigated. The cells growth, hydrogen production, total carbohydrate and chlorophyll content were determined. The results showed that, under optimum condition, algae cells were required 168 hr (7days) to reach the late logarithmic phase (the algal dry weight 4.11 g/L). Whereas the algae cells were needed about 18~22 days to reach this value (3.55 g/ L) when grow in optimum medium. The concentration of Chlorophyll (5.65%) and carbohydrate (39.46%) were accumulated in algae cells grow in S-deprives medium coupled with dark condition over that did in algae cells cultured in optimum medium. After about a 24 h of cultivation, photo-production of H2 was observed for C. sp either in absence or presence of sulfate. But under sulfur deprivation coupled with dark condition, higher H2 gas was obtained after 16 hr (7 several days) of incubation period. In new design photobioreactors (PhBRs), after 18 days of cultivation, the volume of H2 gas in was found to be 450 ml in cells grow in sulfur-deprived culture). This value was 360 ml in cells grow under optimal condition.
{"title":"Optimization of Hydrogen Gas Production Conditions from Egyptian Chlamydomonas Sp","authors":"H. A. E. Baky, Gamal S. El Baroty","doi":"10.32861/ajls.510.70.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.510.70.80","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen gas could provide attractive options as ideal fuel for a world, in which environmental friendly and economically sustainable manner. Microalgae have the ability to bio-synthesis hydrogen gas. Algal H2 does do not generate any toxic or polluting bi-products and could potentially offer value-added products derived from algal biomass. In this work, the feasibility of coupling sulfur deprivation and light on hydrogen production by Chlamydomonas sp grown in photobioreactor was investigated. The cells growth, hydrogen production, total carbohydrate and chlorophyll content were determined. The results showed that, under optimum condition, algae cells were required 168 hr (7days) to reach the late logarithmic phase (the algal dry weight 4.11 g/L). Whereas the algae cells were needed about 18~22 days to reach this value (3.55 g/ L) when grow in optimum medium. The concentration of Chlorophyll (5.65%) and carbohydrate (39.46%) were accumulated in algae cells grow in S-deprives medium coupled with dark condition over that did in algae cells cultured in optimum medium. After about a 24 h of cultivation, photo-production of H2 was observed for C. sp either in absence or presence of sulfate. But under sulfur deprivation coupled with dark condition, higher H2 gas was obtained after 16 hr (7 several days) of incubation period. In new design photobioreactors (PhBRs), after 18 days of cultivation, the volume of H2 gas in was found to be 450 ml in cells grow in sulfur-deprived culture). This value was 360 ml in cells grow under optimal condition.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"445 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133399708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study assessed the nutrient profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics of flamboyant (Delonix regia) seeds subjected to different processing methods for sustainable ruminant production in humid tropic. Eight (8) different processing methods formed the experimental treatments, namely T1 (raw/control); T2 (roasted); T3 (soaked in water for 24 hours); T4 (soaked in water for 48 hours); T5 (soaked in rumen liquor for 24 hours); T6 (soaked in rumen liquor for 48 hours); T7 (parboiled for 45 minutes.) and T8 (cooked 45 minutes. The treatments were replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data obtained on the nutrient profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics was subjected to a One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using statistical analysis system (SAS) version 9. The mean was separated using Duncan’s New multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) effects of processing methods on crude fibre (CF) and calcium (Ca) contents of the processed seeds with the values ranges from 2.97 % in T4 to 4.59% in T8 for crude fibre (CF). Similar (P>0.05) contents was recorded for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), phosphorous (P) and iron (Fe) content across the experimental treatments, the contents ranges from 88.41 – 89.51%, 20.59 – 21.45%, 2.24 – 3.05%, 4.25 – 4.89% 38.89 – 39.78%, 25.14 – 25.47%, 3.7 – 4.0%, 62.90 – 66.50mg/kg for DM, CP, EE, ash, NDF, ADF, P and Fe content respectively. Significant (P<0.05) different was observed for methane gas (CH4) production, with values ranges from 15.33 – 29.33 (ml). Similar value was observed for fermentation efficiency (FE), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolisible energy (ME) across the experimental treatments and the values ranges from 0.37 – 0.67, 0.75 – 1.02 Mmol, 61.92 – 68.61% and 7.38 – 9.55 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Conclusively, irrespective of the processing methods flamboyant seeds had adequate nutrients to meet the nutritional requirements of ruminants except crude fibre (CF) which can be fortified with roughages or fibrous feedstuffs. The in vitro fermentation characteristics showed that the seed has potentials as a feed resource to support ruminant animal production especially in the dry season.
{"title":"Nutrient Profile and in vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Flamboyant (Delonix regia) Seeds Subjected to Different Processing Methods for Sustainable Ruminant Production in Humid Tropic","authors":"Lamidi Akeem Atanda, E E Evien, O. Tajudeen","doi":"10.32861/ajls.59.55.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.59.55.60","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the nutrient profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics of flamboyant (Delonix regia) seeds subjected to different processing methods for sustainable ruminant production in humid tropic. Eight (8) different processing methods formed the experimental treatments, namely T1 (raw/control); T2 (roasted); T3 (soaked in water for 24 hours); T4 (soaked in water for 48 hours); T5 (soaked in rumen liquor for 24 hours); T6 (soaked in rumen liquor for 48 hours); T7 (parboiled for 45 minutes.) and T8 (cooked 45 minutes. The treatments were replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data obtained on the nutrient profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics was subjected to a One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using statistical analysis system (SAS) version 9. The mean was separated using Duncan’s New multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) effects of processing methods on crude fibre (CF) and calcium (Ca) contents of the processed seeds with the values ranges from 2.97 % in T4 to 4.59% in T8 for crude fibre (CF). Similar (P>0.05) contents was recorded for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), phosphorous (P) and iron (Fe) content across the experimental treatments, the contents ranges from 88.41 – 89.51%, 20.59 – 21.45%, 2.24 – 3.05%, 4.25 – 4.89% 38.89 – 39.78%, 25.14 – 25.47%, 3.7 – 4.0%, 62.90 – 66.50mg/kg for DM, CP, EE, ash, NDF, ADF, P and Fe content respectively. Significant (P<0.05) different was observed for methane gas (CH4) production, with values ranges from 15.33 – 29.33 (ml). Similar value was observed for fermentation efficiency (FE), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolisible energy (ME) across the experimental treatments and the values ranges from 0.37 – 0.67, 0.75 – 1.02 Mmol, 61.92 – 68.61% and 7.38 – 9.55 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Conclusively, irrespective of the processing methods flamboyant seeds had adequate nutrients to meet the nutritional requirements of ruminants except crude fibre (CF) which can be fortified with roughages or fibrous feedstuffs. The in vitro fermentation characteristics showed that the seed has potentials as a feed resource to support ruminant animal production especially in the dry season.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"1174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132083984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abbassy M. A., Abdel-Halim K. Y., El-Meseiry M. A.
Monitoring of some organochlorines (OCs) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticide residues in Edku Lake during 2015-2016 have been determined in water, sediment and Tilapia fish to find out the extent of pesticides contamination and bioaccumulation into the lake. Pesticide residues were determined using gas chromatography equipped with appropriate detectors. The mean residues of ∑BHC, ∑DDT, total OCs, and OPs in water samples were 68.43, 14.17, 118.3 and 138.46 ppb, respectively. The corresponding residues in sediments were 8343.26, 5307.59, 21402.83 and 267.66 ppb, respectively. In fish muscles, the mean residues of ∑BHC, ∑DDT, methoxychlor and total OCs were 2513.56, 1916.85, 46175.05, and 57592.40 ppb, respectively. The corresponding values in fish gills were 3565.44, 16014.96, 13182.44, 35645.15 and 3318.10 ppb, respectively. Sum of BHC and DDT were the mostly detected in muscle samples accounting for 1593.60 and 916.53 ppb, respectively. Regarding bioaccumulation of examined pesticides, bioconcentration factor (BCF) was estimated to be in range 7.96-40701.50 for water/muscle ratio of OCs. In case of BCF for water/gills, the values ranged from 16.72 to 237090.17. BCF values obtained from ratio sediment/muscle or sediment/gills not exceeded than 100. These concepts indicate that OCs induced bioaccumulation in fish tissues may attributed to predicted risks associated with this kind of consumption. All findings represent concept that, Edku Lake represents reservoir of all pollutants coming from north governorates e.g. El-Behira.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Pesticides in Aquatic System of Edku Lake, Egypt: An Approach for Risk Associated With Fish Consumption","authors":"Abbassy M. A., Abdel-Halim K. Y., El-Meseiry M. A.","doi":"10.32861/ajls.59.61.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.59.61.69","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring of some organochlorines (OCs) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticide residues in Edku Lake during 2015-2016 have been determined in water, sediment and Tilapia fish to find out the extent of pesticides contamination and bioaccumulation into the lake. Pesticide residues were determined using gas chromatography equipped with appropriate detectors. The mean residues of ∑BHC, ∑DDT, total OCs, and OPs in water samples were 68.43, 14.17, 118.3 and 138.46 ppb, respectively. The corresponding residues in sediments were 8343.26, 5307.59, 21402.83 and 267.66 ppb, respectively. In fish muscles, the mean residues of ∑BHC, ∑DDT, methoxychlor and total OCs were 2513.56, 1916.85, 46175.05, and 57592.40 ppb, respectively. The corresponding values in fish gills were 3565.44, 16014.96, 13182.44, 35645.15 and 3318.10 ppb, respectively. Sum of BHC and DDT were the mostly detected in muscle samples accounting for 1593.60 and 916.53 ppb, respectively. Regarding bioaccumulation of examined pesticides, bioconcentration factor (BCF) was estimated to be in range 7.96-40701.50 for water/muscle ratio of OCs. In case of BCF for water/gills, the values ranged from 16.72 to 237090.17. BCF values obtained from ratio sediment/muscle or sediment/gills not exceeded than 100. These concepts indicate that OCs induced bioaccumulation in fish tissues may attributed to predicted risks associated with this kind of consumption. All findings represent concept that, Edku Lake represents reservoir of all pollutants coming from north governorates e.g. El-Behira.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116562617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests affecting agricultural and ornamental crops worldwide. In fact many of natural plant (bioactive compounds) have fewer side effects compared with chemical pesticides. So, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of rue leaves essential oil, Ruta graveolens L. as fumigant toxicity (Sapindales: Rutaceae) against eggs and adult females of T. urticae. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data cleared that the basic constituents were 2-undecanone (60.54%) and 2-nonaone (17.71%) which belonged to methyl ketones that represented by 81.65% of the total oil. The ovicidal activity of rue essential oil mentioned that according to LC50 values, the one-day-old eggs were more susceptible than three -days-old eggs recording 0.008 and 0.011 µl/ml air after 7 days post fumigant for 24 h, respectively. Furthermore, the adult female mortality recorded 0.018 and 0.0724 µl/ml air for LC50 and LC90, respectively. Additionally, results demonstrated that significant reduction in the mean number of deposited eggs/female/day recorded 3.182 eggs compared to 6.561 eggs for control. Finally, a significant reduction in acid phosphatase for eggs and Aacetylcholine esterase (AChE) for adults of T. urticae were recorded.
{"title":"Fumigant Toxicity of Rue Essential Oil, Ruta Graveolens L. on Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)","authors":"F. Kalmosh, Samah N. El Shafiey, H. El-Kawas","doi":"10.32861/ajls.58.48.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/ajls.58.48.54","url":null,"abstract":"The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests affecting agricultural and ornamental crops worldwide. In fact many of natural plant (bioactive compounds) have fewer side effects compared with chemical pesticides. So, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of rue leaves essential oil, Ruta graveolens L. as fumigant toxicity (Sapindales: Rutaceae) against eggs and adult females of T. urticae. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data cleared that the basic constituents were 2-undecanone (60.54%) and 2-nonaone (17.71%) which belonged to methyl ketones that represented by 81.65% of the total oil. The ovicidal activity of rue essential oil mentioned that according to LC50 values, the one-day-old eggs were more susceptible than three -days-old eggs recording 0.008 and 0.011 µl/ml air after 7 days post fumigant for 24 h, respectively. Furthermore, the adult female mortality recorded 0.018 and 0.0724 µl/ml air for LC50 and LC90, respectively. Additionally, results demonstrated that significant reduction in the mean number of deposited eggs/female/day recorded 3.182 eggs compared to 6.561 eggs for control. Finally, a significant reduction in acid phosphatase for eggs and Aacetylcholine esterase (AChE) for adults of T. urticae were recorded.","PeriodicalId":432041,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126667895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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