It is often useful in automation tasks to make a robot manipulator interact with its environment in a controlled manner. This paper considers an edge-following using accommodation force control. The robot behavior changes with configuration, and unexpected workpiece disturbances degrade the system performance. The tracking speed and force regulation of the edge-following can be improved by preview control. The preview controller is implemented on an industrial robot system, and experiments are carried out to verify validity of the preview control.
{"title":"Preview Control for Robot Force Control: Experimental Investigation of Edge-Following","authors":"B. Yong","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is often useful in automation tasks to make a robot manipulator interact with its environment in a controlled manner. This paper considers an edge-following using accommodation force control. The robot behavior changes with configuration, and unexpected workpiece disturbances degrade the system performance. The tracking speed and force regulation of the edge-following can be improved by preview control. The preview controller is implemented on an industrial robot system, and experiments are carried out to verify validity of the preview control.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129095224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today’s globalized manufacturing enterprise necessitates a new imperative for the academe to generate internationally astute engineers to enable manufacturing companies to collaborate in a global market in the 21st century. This paper presents author’s perspectives on manufacturing engineering education system in a changing world. First, issues, challenges, and strategies are discussed. Second, various industry/university cooperative research models in the US, Japan, Germany, and Taiwan are examined. Finally, challenges in education system and research collaboration in moving the innovation to a global marketplace is addressed.
{"title":"Manufacturing Engineering Education Through Industry/University Cooperative Research: Issues, Challenges, and Strategies","authors":"J. Lee","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1125","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Today’s globalized manufacturing enterprise necessitates a new imperative for the academe to generate internationally astute engineers to enable manufacturing companies to collaborate in a global market in the 21st century. This paper presents author’s perspectives on manufacturing engineering education system in a changing world. First, issues, challenges, and strategies are discussed. Second, various industry/university cooperative research models in the US, Japan, Germany, and Taiwan are examined. Finally, challenges in education system and research collaboration in moving the innovation to a global marketplace is addressed.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116100043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A sophomore-level Manufacturing Processes course is described. It is the second course in a Design for Manufacturing sequence in the Manufacturing Engineering degree curriculum. Emphasis is placed on prediction of manufacturing results prior to lab sessions to build student confidence with process modeling as well as an understanding of the relations among process conditions and part attributes. The laboratory experience focuses on understanding processes by rational selection of conditions and measurement of attributes for a variety of conditions. The course culminated with a process design project in which teams manufactured product components to be assembled in a subsequent course.
{"title":"Manufacturing Processes Course With Emphasis on Modeling, Experimentation, and Design","authors":"J. Moller","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1128","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A sophomore-level Manufacturing Processes course is described. It is the second course in a Design for Manufacturing sequence in the Manufacturing Engineering degree curriculum. Emphasis is placed on prediction of manufacturing results prior to lab sessions to build student confidence with process modeling as well as an understanding of the relations among process conditions and part attributes. The laboratory experience focuses on understanding processes by rational selection of conditions and measurement of attributes for a variety of conditions. The course culminated with a process design project in which teams manufactured product components to be assembled in a subsequent course.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126356084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility of automatically generating adaptive feedrates for five-axis CNC end milling. The complicated geometries involved with multiaxis machining make it difficult to manually estimate acceptable feedrates without being overly conservative. Our strategy is to use a computer simulation of the machining process to estimate the feeds based on in-process cutting information. The simulation consists of two distinct portions: a discrete geometric model of the material removal process, and a discrete mechanistic model of the cutting forces involved. The mechanistic model estimates cutting forces as a function of material properties of the stock and cutting tool, cut geometry, and feedrate. Used in an inverse manner, the mechanistic model can estimate the feedrates necessary to maintain a constant cutting force. This force may be selected to maintain a desired part tolerance, or to meet some other criteria (e.g. machine constraints). The cut geometry information required by the inverse mechanistic model is provided by the geometric model of the material removal process. The geometric model also dynamically stores in-process stock geometry as the simulation progresses. The results of this research has shown that it is possible to automatically generate adaptive feeds using these combined models.
{"title":"Automatic 5-Axis CNC Feedrate Selection via Discrete Mechanistic and Geometric Model Integration","authors":"Jeffrey G. Hemmett, B. K. Fussell, R. B. Jerard","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1090","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility of automatically generating adaptive feedrates for five-axis CNC end milling. The complicated geometries involved with multiaxis machining make it difficult to manually estimate acceptable feedrates without being overly conservative. Our strategy is to use a computer simulation of the machining process to estimate the feeds based on in-process cutting information. The simulation consists of two distinct portions: a discrete geometric model of the material removal process, and a discrete mechanistic model of the cutting forces involved. The mechanistic model estimates cutting forces as a function of material properties of the stock and cutting tool, cut geometry, and feedrate. Used in an inverse manner, the mechanistic model can estimate the feedrates necessary to maintain a constant cutting force. This force may be selected to maintain a desired part tolerance, or to meet some other criteria (e.g. machine constraints). The cut geometry information required by the inverse mechanistic model is provided by the geometric model of the material removal process. The geometric model also dynamically stores in-process stock geometry as the simulation progresses. The results of this research has shown that it is possible to automatically generate adaptive feeds using these combined models.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133537013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deburring involves several aspects often overlooked. While over 100 deburring processes exist there is still no universally accepted definition of what the term “deburred” really implies. Deburring and edge standards are available, but are often ignored. The functional requirement probably is to finish edges as opposed to just deburr. Environmental, health and safety issues are important considerations in the selection and use of any edge finishing process. Many of the deburring processes are still laboratory curiosities at this time.
{"title":"Current Deburring Methods Used in Industry","authors":"L. Gillespie","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Deburring involves several aspects often overlooked. While over 100 deburring processes exist there is still no universally accepted definition of what the term “deburred” really implies. Deburring and edge standards are available, but are often ignored. The functional requirement probably is to finish edges as opposed to just deburr. Environmental, health and safety issues are important considerations in the selection and use of any edge finishing process. Many of the deburring processes are still laboratory curiosities at this time.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133698895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wiresaw is a cost-effective technology with high surface quality for slicing large diameter silicon wafers. Though wiresaws have been deployed to cut polycrystalline and single crystal silicon ingot since early 1990s, very little is known about the fundamental cutting process. We investigate this manufacturing process and propose a contact stress model of wiresaw slicing which illustrates the interactions among the wire, ingot, and abrasives (e.g., SiC) carried by the slurry. Stresses created by wiresaw slicing silicon wafers are analyzed in this paper. During the cutting process, the wire moves at high speed (5–15 m/s) with respect to the silicon ingot. The abrasives in the slurry are lose third-body particles caught between the wire and ingot at the contact surface. The forces applied by the wire carry the abrasive particles and cause them to roll on the surface and at the same time to be constrained to indent the surface. Such rolling-indenting interactions result in the formation of isolated chips and surface cracks. The cracks and discontinuity on the surface also cause high stress concentration. As a result the material is cut and removed. The stress fields of a single circular cone of the abrasive particle indenting on silicon crystal with normal and tangential forces can be calculated and analyzed from the modeling equations and boundary conditions. The stresses are expressed with dimensionless stress measures, as functions of normalized geometric parameters. The results show that the maximum normal stress occurs at the indentation point while the maximum shear stress (σzx) occurs below the surface of contact, as expected. Such subsurface shear facilitates the peeling effects of the silicon cracks. Both the normal and tangential forces applied at the contacts are incorporated in the model. The model is very effective in explaining and predicting the behaviors and distributions of stresses during the cutting process, and can be used to determine the optimal geometry of the abrasive particles in the rolling-indenting process.
{"title":"Modeling Stresses of Contacts in Wiresaw Slicing of Polycrystalline and Crystalline Ingots: Application to Silicon Wafer Production","authors":"Ji Li, I. Kao, Vish Prasad","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1121","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wiresaw is a cost-effective technology with high surface quality for slicing large diameter silicon wafers. Though wiresaws have been deployed to cut polycrystalline and single crystal silicon ingot since early 1990s, very little is known about the fundamental cutting process. We investigate this manufacturing process and propose a contact stress model of wiresaw slicing which illustrates the interactions among the wire, ingot, and abrasives (e.g., SiC) carried by the slurry. Stresses created by wiresaw slicing silicon wafers are analyzed in this paper. During the cutting process, the wire moves at high speed (5–15 m/s) with respect to the silicon ingot. The abrasives in the slurry are lose third-body particles caught between the wire and ingot at the contact surface. The forces applied by the wire carry the abrasive particles and cause them to roll on the surface and at the same time to be constrained to indent the surface. Such rolling-indenting interactions result in the formation of isolated chips and surface cracks. The cracks and discontinuity on the surface also cause high stress concentration. As a result the material is cut and removed. The stress fields of a single circular cone of the abrasive particle indenting on silicon crystal with normal and tangential forces can be calculated and analyzed from the modeling equations and boundary conditions. The stresses are expressed with dimensionless stress measures, as functions of normalized geometric parameters. The results show that the maximum normal stress occurs at the indentation point while the maximum shear stress (σzx) occurs below the surface of contact, as expected. Such subsurface shear facilitates the peeling effects of the silicon cracks. Both the normal and tangential forces applied at the contacts are incorporated in the model. The model is very effective in explaining and predicting the behaviors and distributions of stresses during the cutting process, and can be used to determine the optimal geometry of the abrasive particles in the rolling-indenting process.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132622045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a new electromagnetic contact sensing technique called the “Fine Touch” method which enables the cutting tool itself to be used as a probe during on-machine measurement of parts. The simple sensor design of the probe (the cutting tool) has resulted in a low cost system for workpiece set-up and inspection. Tests have shown that the sensor precision is of the order of 0.01 μm and, hence, could be used on coordinate measuring machines (CMM) as well. The sensor is effective irrespective of variations in cutting tool geometry, cutting insert coatings, insert geometry and size, cutting fluids, and workpiece material.
{"title":"A New Electromagnetic Contact Sensing Technique for Enhancing Machining Accuracy","authors":"P. K. Venuvinod","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1083","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper describes a new electromagnetic contact sensing technique called the “Fine Touch” method which enables the cutting tool itself to be used as a probe during on-machine measurement of parts. The simple sensor design of the probe (the cutting tool) has resulted in a low cost system for workpiece set-up and inspection. Tests have shown that the sensor precision is of the order of 0.01 μm and, hence, could be used on coordinate measuring machines (CMM) as well. The sensor is effective irrespective of variations in cutting tool geometry, cutting insert coatings, insert geometry and size, cutting fluids, and workpiece material.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131599011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An active control system has been developed to suppress tool vibration on a Vertical Turning Lathe (VTL). This system reduced surface roughness by two-thirds and raised by 23% the metal removal rate achievable before the onset of chatter. The system mechanical and sensor portions are contained completely within the VTL ram envelope. The electronic components are in a separate enclosure which also provides a simple user interface. Accelerometers embedded in the VTL ram sense the ram motion in two directions. Signal conditioning and integration electronics pass the ram velocity to the digital controller which computes the forces needed to reduce the tool tip motion error. Control signals are input to highly-efficient switched-capacitor amplifiers which drive high-force electrostrictive actuators to deliver the required forces in two directions. The controller also executes the system identification programs and tracks the ram length to compensate for resonance changes.
{"title":"Active Structural Control of Vertical Turning Lathe Vibrations","authors":"John E. Miesner, R. Ghanadan, S. D. O’Regan","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1082","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An active control system has been developed to suppress tool vibration on a Vertical Turning Lathe (VTL). This system reduced surface roughness by two-thirds and raised by 23% the metal removal rate achievable before the onset of chatter. The system mechanical and sensor portions are contained completely within the VTL ram envelope. The electronic components are in a separate enclosure which also provides a simple user interface. Accelerometers embedded in the VTL ram sense the ram motion in two directions. Signal conditioning and integration electronics pass the ram velocity to the digital controller which computes the forces needed to reduce the tool tip motion error. Control signals are input to highly-efficient switched-capacitor amplifiers which drive high-force electrostrictive actuators to deliver the required forces in two directions. The controller also executes the system identification programs and tracks the ram length to compensate for resonance changes.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131610266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensor fusion aims to identify useful information to facilitate decision-making using data from multiple sensors. Signals from each sensor are usually processed, through feature extraction, into different indices by which knowledge can be better represented. However, cautions should be placed in decision-making when multiple indices are used, since each index may carry different information or different aspects of the knowledge for the process/system umber study. To this end, a practical scheme for index evaluation based on entropy and information gain is presented. This procedure is useful when index ranking is needed in designing a classifier for a complex system or process. Both regional entropy and class entropy are introduced based a set of training data. Application of this scheme is illustrated by using a data set for a tapping process.
{"title":"An Entropy-Based Index Evaluation Scheme for Multiple Sensor Fusion in Classification Process","authors":"Yubao Chen, E. Orady","doi":"10.1115/1.2833126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2833126","url":null,"abstract":"Sensor fusion aims to identify useful information to facilitate decision-making using data from multiple sensors. Signals from each sensor are usually processed, through feature extraction, into different indices by which knowledge can be better represented. However, cautions should be placed in decision-making when multiple indices are used, since each index may carry different information or different aspects of the knowledge for the process/system umber study. To this end, a practical scheme for index evaluation based on entropy and information gain is presented. This procedure is useful when index ranking is needed in designing a classifier for a complex system or process. Both regional entropy and class entropy are introduced based a set of training data. Application of this scheme is illustrated by using a data set for a tapping process.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131029642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper summarizes thermal modeling work performed on the Motorola Carbon Monoxide (CO) chemical sensor. Gas sensors need low cost reliable packages, good thermal operation, and low power consumption. The goal is to provide a validated thermal model of a gas sensor and its package and develop a sensor design capability with reduced design cycle time. Due to the complex structure of the sensor package, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool was used to analyze the heat transfer and fluid flow within the package. Based on the validated model, parametric studies on filter location and package orientation were performed. In order to minimize the influence of humidity, the sensor is toggled between high and low temperatures by applying 5 volts for 5 seconds of heating, and 1 volt for 10 seconds of cooling. Transient thermal analysis was also performed to predict the temperature response of various components. A detailed description of the thermal model and its results are described in the paper.
{"title":"Transient and Steady-State Thermal Design Evaluation of a Carbon Monoxide Gas Sensor Using CFD Tool","authors":"T. Lee, R. Sharma, A. Peyre-Lavigne","doi":"10.1115/1.2792599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2792599","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper summarizes thermal modeling work performed on the Motorola Carbon Monoxide (CO) chemical sensor. Gas sensors need low cost reliable packages, good thermal operation, and low power consumption. The goal is to provide a validated thermal model of a gas sensor and its package and develop a sensor design capability with reduced design cycle time. Due to the complex structure of the sensor package, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool was used to analyze the heat transfer and fluid flow within the package. Based on the validated model, parametric studies on filter location and package orientation were performed. In order to minimize the influence of humidity, the sensor is toggled between high and low temperatures by applying 5 volts for 5 seconds of heating, and 1 volt for 10 seconds of cooling. Transient thermal analysis was also performed to predict the temperature response of various components. A detailed description of the thermal model and its results are described in the paper.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116364384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：