Thread surface roughness is an important issue both in terms of thread quality and the lubricating effect of cutting fluid in the tapping process. In this work, experiments were conducted to investigate the flank surface roughness of tapped threads produced in cast aluminum alloy workpieces. A full factorial experiment was performed to study the effects of the machining parameters (workpiece material, cutting fluid and spindle speed) on the resulting thread flank surface roughness. Metallographic and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) examinations of the thread flank surfaces were performed. Effects were calculated for the variables under study. Workpiece material type was identified as a statistically significant variable in influencing the thread surface roughness. Several other factors that appeared to play a role in producing the thread surface roughness variation observed in the experiments were also examined.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Tapped Thread Surface Roughness for Cast Aluminum Alloys","authors":"Tengyun Cao, S. Batzer, J. Sutherland","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1092","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Thread surface roughness is an important issue both in terms of thread quality and the lubricating effect of cutting fluid in the tapping process. In this work, experiments were conducted to investigate the flank surface roughness of tapped threads produced in cast aluminum alloy workpieces. A full factorial experiment was performed to study the effects of the machining parameters (workpiece material, cutting fluid and spindle speed) on the resulting thread flank surface roughness. Metallographic and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) examinations of the thread flank surfaces were performed. Effects were calculated for the variables under study. Workpiece material type was identified as a statistically significant variable in influencing the thread surface roughness. Several other factors that appeared to play a role in producing the thread surface roughness variation observed in the experiments were also examined.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122694853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dramatic business changes in the aerospace and military defense industries have caused contractors to drastically alter their design and manufacturing processes. These changes appear to have been influenced by recent events or movements: The U.S. Department of Defense initiative (Perry, 1994 and U.S. DoD, 9 December 1994) discourage dependence on military specifications/standards (the “Perry Initiative”) which resulted in trends within the electronics industry to use commercial materials in typical military environments (alternative component initiatives). Consequently, changes are underway regarding some of the traditional technologies used in defense electronics. Specifically, this paper will present an overview of the changing nature of some of these technologies, e.g. interconnections, coatings, and plastic encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs) and the standards/practices related to these from a manufacturing aspect. The information, provided, is by no means all-inclusive, but does identify a focus for increased discussion and study.
{"title":"A Review of Changes and Trends Affecting Military Electronics Manufacturing","authors":"A. Rafanelli","doi":"10.1115/1.2792608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2792608","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Dramatic business changes in the aerospace and military defense industries have caused contractors to drastically alter their design and manufacturing processes. These changes appear to have been influenced by recent events or movements: The U.S. Department of Defense initiative (Perry, 1994 and U.S. DoD, 9 December 1994) discourage dependence on military specifications/standards (the “Perry Initiative”) which resulted in trends within the electronics industry to use commercial materials in typical military environments (alternative component initiatives). Consequently, changes are underway regarding some of the traditional technologies used in defense electronics. Specifically, this paper will present an overview of the changing nature of some of these technologies, e.g. interconnections, coatings, and plastic encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs) and the standards/practices related to these from a manufacturing aspect. The information, provided, is by no means all-inclusive, but does identify a focus for increased discussion and study.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128134426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the interfacial fracture toughness of a bi-material (molding compound/silicon) specimen subjected to a series of thermal loads was evaluated using a high density laser moiré interferometry coupled with FEA technique. The moiré interferometry technique was used to monitor and measure the crack length during the test. A finite element technique was simultaneously used to determine the near crack tip displacement fields of the bi-material specimen. The interfacial fracture toughness and phase angle were computed by using these near tip displacement variables through the analytical energy release rate and phase angle expressions derived by authors. The results show that the interfacial fracture toughness of the bi-material specimen considered is strongly related to the phase angle in terms of the defined phase angle expression in this paper. The interfacial fracture toughness Gc and the phase angle ϕ of the tested bi-material specimen at the interface corresponding to the crack length a = 3.0mm under the temperature rise thermal load from room temperature (20° C) to 120° C are 13.64 J/m and −54.28° respectively, while the interfacial fracture toughness Gc and the phase angle ϕ of the tested bi-material specimen at the interface of the molding compound/silicon with the crack length a = 3.3mm under the temperature rise thermal load from room temperature (20° C) to 138° C are 20.02 J/m2 and −54.8° respectively.
{"title":"Evaluation of Interfacial Fracture Toughness of a Bi-Material System Under Thermal Loading Conditions","authors":"Jianjun Wang, D. Zou, Sheng Liu","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1118","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, the interfacial fracture toughness of a bi-material (molding compound/silicon) specimen subjected to a series of thermal loads was evaluated using a high density laser moiré interferometry coupled with FEA technique. The moiré interferometry technique was used to monitor and measure the crack length during the test. A finite element technique was simultaneously used to determine the near crack tip displacement fields of the bi-material specimen. The interfacial fracture toughness and phase angle were computed by using these near tip displacement variables through the analytical energy release rate and phase angle expressions derived by authors. The results show that the interfacial fracture toughness of the bi-material specimen considered is strongly related to the phase angle in terms of the defined phase angle expression in this paper. The interfacial fracture toughness Gc and the phase angle ϕ of the tested bi-material specimen at the interface corresponding to the crack length a = 3.0mm under the temperature rise thermal load from room temperature (20° C) to 120° C are 13.64 J/m and −54.28° respectively, while the interfacial fracture toughness Gc and the phase angle ϕ of the tested bi-material specimen at the interface of the molding compound/silicon with the crack length a = 3.3mm under the temperature rise thermal load from room temperature (20° C) to 138° C are 20.02 J/m2 and −54.8° respectively.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132235214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, edge finishing with filamentary brushes has received much attention within the applied research and manufacturing engineering communities. This interest may be attributed, in part, to the ease with which brushing tools can be introduced into an automated machining environment. That is, such tools exert relatively small machining forces, remove material incrementally, and minimize the risk of generating abrupt, unstable forces that can lead to tool/workpart damage during the finishing operation. Although brushes have been successfully used in automated finishing applications, much uncertainty remains regarding the proper use of brushes for removal of edge burrs. Consequently, the implementation of automated brush deburring operations is often accompanied by costly trial-and-error experimentation, and in many cases, is met with only marginal success. This paper is concerned with the development of a force-control model for edge deburring with filamentary brushes. The model is based upon experimentally obtained “master curves”; that is, material removal data that corresponds to the actual machining performance of the brush/workpart system during the incremental burr removal process. Such master curves are generated by machining specially prepared edge projections having a geometry similar to flash that is produced along the edges of cast components. This information is used in conjunction with the on-line brush machining force to compute the brush feed rate that ensures complete removal of the edge burr. Example problems are reported for two cases, namely, the removal of edge flash having (i) unknown, constant height, and (ii) unknown variable height. The results indicate that the present force-control model provides straight forward approach for computing brush feed rates that lead to complete removal of edge burrs, and suggests that implementation can be carried out without the use of sophisticated sensing apparatus or complex control strategies.
{"title":"Development of Force-Control Model for Edge-Deburring With Filamentary Brush","authors":"Lienjing Chen, R. Stango, V. Cariapa","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, edge finishing with filamentary brushes has received much attention within the applied research and manufacturing engineering communities. This interest may be attributed, in part, to the ease with which brushing tools can be introduced into an automated machining environment. That is, such tools exert relatively small machining forces, remove material incrementally, and minimize the risk of generating abrupt, unstable forces that can lead to tool/workpart damage during the finishing operation. Although brushes have been successfully used in automated finishing applications, much uncertainty remains regarding the proper use of brushes for removal of edge burrs. Consequently, the implementation of automated brush deburring operations is often accompanied by costly trial-and-error experimentation, and in many cases, is met with only marginal success.\u0000 This paper is concerned with the development of a force-control model for edge deburring with filamentary brushes. The model is based upon experimentally obtained “master curves”; that is, material removal data that corresponds to the actual machining performance of the brush/workpart system during the incremental burr removal process. Such master curves are generated by machining specially prepared edge projections having a geometry similar to flash that is produced along the edges of cast components. This information is used in conjunction with the on-line brush machining force to compute the brush feed rate that ensures complete removal of the edge burr. Example problems are reported for two cases, namely, the removal of edge flash having (i) unknown, constant height, and (ii) unknown variable height. The results indicate that the present force-control model provides straight forward approach for computing brush feed rates that lead to complete removal of edge burrs, and suggests that implementation can be carried out without the use of sophisticated sensing apparatus or complex control strategies.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115246160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the justification and design of a Scarfing Tool for Automated Repair of Composites (STARC) system. The repair of aircraft composites is currently a manual process that subjects workers to adverse working conditions often leading to costly mistakes and poor repair quality. Commercial robots are finishing many types of materials in many industries, but none are performing scarfing repairs. A lightweight, portable manipulator is needed to automate the scarfing process. A pneumatic, parallel link Stewart Platform manipulator will provide necessary grinding trajectories. The primary benefits of Stewart Platform manipulators is their high stiffness to weight ratio and their simple modular design. For the STARC, a commercially available Adjustable Force Device (AFD) would be mounted on the underside of the movable platform. In this configuration, the platform would meet all the major design goals of providing a substantial work envelope, the required six degrees-of-freedom, and relatively light weight portability without sacrificing rigidity.
{"title":"Automated Scarfing and Surface Finishing Apparatus for Curved Composite Structures","authors":"Edwin A. Erlbacher, Lester E. Godwin","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper describes the justification and design of a Scarfing Tool for Automated Repair of Composites (STARC) system. The repair of aircraft composites is currently a manual process that subjects workers to adverse working conditions often leading to costly mistakes and poor repair quality. Commercial robots are finishing many types of materials in many industries, but none are performing scarfing repairs. A lightweight, portable manipulator is needed to automate the scarfing process.\u0000 A pneumatic, parallel link Stewart Platform manipulator will provide necessary grinding trajectories. The primary benefits of Stewart Platform manipulators is their high stiffness to weight ratio and their simple modular design. For the STARC, a commercially available Adjustable Force Device (AFD) would be mounted on the underside of the movable platform. In this configuration, the platform would meet all the major design goals of providing a substantial work envelope, the required six degrees-of-freedom, and relatively light weight portability without sacrificing rigidity.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"507 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132136993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A model has been developed to determine the number and sizes of abrasive particles involved in material removal in polishing, and the forces acting on these particles. The effect of particle size on these parameters has been simulated for a range of particle sizes. It is shown that when polishing with abrasive powders having relatively broad size distributions, only a very small percentage of the particles are involved in material removal. Further, these particles are comprised of the larger particles occurring in the tail end of the particle size distribution. The average force on a particle is found to be in the range of 5–200 mN under typical polishing conditions, which is of the order of loads used in micro-indentation hardness testing. These predictions of the model are consistent with observations pertaining to polished surfaces and the polishing process.
{"title":"Mechanics of Polishing","authors":"V. H. Bulsara, Y. Ahn, S. Chandrasekar, T. Farris","doi":"10.1115/1.2789069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2789069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A model has been developed to determine the number and sizes of abrasive particles involved in material removal in polishing, and the forces acting on these particles. The effect of particle size on these parameters has been simulated for a range of particle sizes. It is shown that when polishing with abrasive powders having relatively broad size distributions, only a very small percentage of the particles are involved in material removal. Further, these particles are comprised of the larger particles occurring in the tail end of the particle size distribution. The average force on a particle is found to be in the range of 5–200 mN under typical polishing conditions, which is of the order of loads used in micro-indentation hardness testing. These predictions of the model are consistent with observations pertaining to polished surfaces and the polishing process.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129161134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a new method for determining the minimum zone for flatness of a point set obtained from a coordinate measuring machine. The two parallel planes that enclose the entire point set with minimum separation form the minimum zone for flatness. In this method, parallel planes are formed through each point in the point set for a range of plane orientations. Simplex search is used to determine the orientation of parallel planes that form the minimum zone. This method is applied to six example point sets and results are compared with other methods.
{"title":"Accurate Assessment of Flatness Tolerance Using Direct Search Optimization","authors":"S. Damodarasamy, S. Anand","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1095","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents a new method for determining the minimum zone for flatness of a point set obtained from a coordinate measuring machine. The two parallel planes that enclose the entire point set with minimum separation form the minimum zone for flatness. In this method, parallel planes are formed through each point in the point set for a range of plane orientations. Simplex search is used to determine the orientation of parallel planes that form the minimum zone. This method is applied to six example point sets and results are compared with other methods.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115302434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanisms of melt ejection and striation formation in laser cutting of mild steel are discussed. It is argued that the melt ejection from the cutting front is not a steady state process, but rather shows a cyclic phenomenon. The striation are strongly affected by the unstable characteristic of the thin liquid film on the cutting front during the melt ejection, together with the oxidation and heat transfer process. Dependent on the cutting speed, the liquid film will either rupture or generate waves on the cutting front. Theoretical explanation is given according to the instability theory of a thin liquid film in a high velocity gas jet and the diffusion controlled oxidation theory. The striation frequency and depth can be estimated according to the above theories. Experimental investigations were carried out and the results are consistent with the calculations. The better understanding has shed light on further investigations and optimal process development.
{"title":"Striation Formation and Surface Finish in Laser Cutting of Mild Steel","authors":"Kai Chen, Y. Yao","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The mechanisms of melt ejection and striation formation in laser cutting of mild steel are discussed. It is argued that the melt ejection from the cutting front is not a steady state process, but rather shows a cyclic phenomenon. The striation are strongly affected by the unstable characteristic of the thin liquid film on the cutting front during the melt ejection, together with the oxidation and heat transfer process. Dependent on the cutting speed, the liquid film will either rupture or generate waves on the cutting front. Theoretical explanation is given according to the instability theory of a thin liquid film in a high velocity gas jet and the diffusion controlled oxidation theory. The striation frequency and depth can be estimated according to the above theories. Experimental investigations were carried out and the results are consistent with the calculations. The better understanding has shed light on further investigations and optimal process development.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127082181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keith A. White, C. G. Jensen, Chuck Helquist, Troy Smalley
A statistical study of factors affecting the surface finish of parts machined on a five-axis mill was performed. The study was a 23 full factorial experiment. The following factors and levels for each factor were selected: cutter type (flat and filleted end mill), feedrate (12 and 20 inches per minute), and angle of inclination (7 and 15 degrees). All factors were statistically significant. Cutter type was the factor which most significantly affected surface finish, followed by feedrate, and angle of inclination. The effect of cutter type was more than four times greater than the other factors. All two-way interactions were also found to be significant, with the magnitude of the interactions involving cutter type approximately four times greater than the interaction between feedrate and angle of inclination. An acceptable mathematical model for predicting surface finish based on these factors was obtained which can be used in five-axis machining research and applications.
{"title":"A Statistical Study of Factors Affecting Surface Finish in Five-Axis Machining","authors":"Keith A. White, C. G. Jensen, Chuck Helquist, Troy Smalley","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1087","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A statistical study of factors affecting the surface finish of parts machined on a five-axis mill was performed. The study was a 23 full factorial experiment. The following factors and levels for each factor were selected: cutter type (flat and filleted end mill), feedrate (12 and 20 inches per minute), and angle of inclination (7 and 15 degrees). All factors were statistically significant. Cutter type was the factor which most significantly affected surface finish, followed by feedrate, and angle of inclination. The effect of cutter type was more than four times greater than the other factors. All two-way interactions were also found to be significant, with the magnitude of the interactions involving cutter type approximately four times greater than the interaction between feedrate and angle of inclination. An acceptable mathematical model for predicting surface finish based on these factors was obtained which can be used in five-axis machining research and applications.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"37 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123107834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of tutorials describing some engineering science concepts underlying the development of manufacturing process models has been developed. The tutorials are available over networks so that access is easy. There are two unique aspects of the tutorials. One is the use of computer-independent software so that interactive exercises run on the user’s computer. This makes for fast response to user input and so useful interactive exercises are possible. The other different aspect is the presentation of process models in a non-typical way. Interactive exercises which call for the user to vary process parameter values, observe the effects on process performance and deduce the form of the process model are used. An example of one such computer-based tutorial is described — chip formation in machining. A world wide web location of the tutorial is provided so that individuals can use and evaluate the approach taken to presenting engineering science concepts and process models, http://www.menet.umn.edu/klamecki.
{"title":"Interactive Tutorials on Manufacturing Processes Using Java™","authors":"B. Klamecki","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1124","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A series of tutorials describing some engineering science concepts underlying the development of manufacturing process models has been developed. The tutorials are available over networks so that access is easy. There are two unique aspects of the tutorials. One is the use of computer-independent software so that interactive exercises run on the user’s computer. This makes for fast response to user input and so useful interactive exercises are possible. The other different aspect is the presentation of process models in a non-typical way. Interactive exercises which call for the user to vary process parameter values, observe the effects on process performance and deduce the form of the process model are used. An example of one such computer-based tutorial is described — chip formation in machining. A world wide web location of the tutorial is provided so that individuals can use and evaluate the approach taken to presenting engineering science concepts and process models, http://www.menet.umn.edu/klamecki.","PeriodicalId":432053,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Science and Engineering: Volume 1","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127584633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：