Yanru Chen, Tianyu Yin, Hang Cui, Miao Wang, T. Jin, Fushun Cui
The physiological activity of ginseng berry polysaccharide (WGBP) extracted by ultrasound and antioxidant activity during simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro was studied. The antioxidant activity of WGBP in vitro was studied by DPPH•, ABTS•, •OH scavenging method, and its inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase was analyzed, and antioxidant activity retention rate of WGBP was evaluated by in vitro simulated gas-trointestinal digestion. The results showed that WGBP had strong ability to scavenge DPPH•, ABTS•, and •OH. In the simulation of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the retention rates of DPPH•, ABTS•, and •OH scavenging capacity of 5.00 mg/mL WGBP were high after the WGBP was digested for 1 h in the simulated gastric fluid and 2 h in the simulated gastrointesti-nal fluid, which indicated that it still had strong antioxidant activity. In conclusion, WGBP has strong in vitro efficacy, and still has strong antioxidant activity after simulated digestion in vitro.
{"title":"Study on the Effect and Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion of Polysaccharide Extracted from Ginseng Berry in Vitro","authors":"Yanru Chen, Tianyu Yin, Hang Cui, Miao Wang, T. Jin, Fushun Cui","doi":"10.1145/3543081.3543103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543081.3543103","url":null,"abstract":"The physiological activity of ginseng berry polysaccharide (WGBP) extracted by ultrasound and antioxidant activity during simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro was studied. The antioxidant activity of WGBP in vitro was studied by DPPH•, ABTS•, •OH scavenging method, and its inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase was analyzed, and antioxidant activity retention rate of WGBP was evaluated by in vitro simulated gas-trointestinal digestion. The results showed that WGBP had strong ability to scavenge DPPH•, ABTS•, and •OH. In the simulation of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the retention rates of DPPH•, ABTS•, and •OH scavenging capacity of 5.00 mg/mL WGBP were high after the WGBP was digested for 1 h in the simulated gastric fluid and 2 h in the simulated gastrointesti-nal fluid, which indicated that it still had strong antioxidant activity. In conclusion, WGBP has strong in vitro efficacy, and still has strong antioxidant activity after simulated digestion in vitro.","PeriodicalId":432056,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Applications","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115592240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liver disease is responsible for approximately 2 million deaths each year worldwide [1]. As one of the most prevalent liver diseases, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a term for a range of liver conditions affecting patients who drink little or no alcohol, but have over-storage of fat in their liver cells. The correlation existing between NAFLD and the brain has been well established by past studies. NAFLD has been found to be associated with cerebral risk factors including brain lesions, alterations in cerebral perfusion and activity [2], as well as certain brain phenotypes, such as cerebral brain volume [3] and White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) [4]. A better knowledge of the association could lead to an improved management of risk, or at least lay a foundation for finding explanations for those correlation between the two, implying possible practical implications. In this study, we integrated two Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) datasets of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain traits and NAFLD through Mendelian Randomization (MR), aiming to determine causal relationship as well as the direction of causality between NAFLD and certain brain phenotypes. We found that the functional connectivity between the brain region responsible for vision and that associated with emotional responses is significantly reduced by a higher risk of NAFLD (b≈-0.13, pval≈2.3E-05). The enrichment analysis also shows that the functional connectivity between brain regions is more likely to be affected by NAFLD, while the structural connectivity (measured by dMRI) is less likely to be influenced. Together our result provides a systematic evaluation for the association between NAFLD and brain phenotypes, and prioritizes the functional connectivity that tends to be affected by NAFLD, which could offer insight for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD-induced cerebral disorders.
全球每年约有200万人死于肝病[1]。非酒精性脂肪性肝病(Non-Alcoholic Fatty liver Disease, NAFLD)是最常见的肝脏疾病之一，指的是很少或不饮酒，但肝脏细胞中脂肪储存过多的一系列肝脏疾病。过去的研究已经很好地确立了NAFLD与大脑之间存在的相关性。NAFLD已被发现与脑危险因素相关，包括脑病变、脑灌注和脑活动改变[2]，以及某些脑表型，如脑容量[3]和白质高强度(WMH)[4]。更好地了解这种关联可能会导致风险管理的改善，或者至少为寻找两者之间相关性的解释奠定基础，这可能意味着实际意义。在本研究中，我们通过孟德尔随机化(Mendelian Randomization, MR)整合了两个全基因组关联研究(Genome-wide Association Studies, GWAS)脑特征与NAFLD的磁共振成像(MRI)数据集，旨在确定NAFLD与某些脑表型之间的因果关系和因果方向。我们发现，NAFLD的高风险显著降低了负责视觉的大脑区域和与情绪反应相关的大脑区域之间的功能连接(b≈-0.13,pval≈2.3E-05)。富集分析还表明，脑区域之间的功能连通性更容易受到NAFLD的影响，而结构连通性(通过dMRI测量)不太可能受到影响。总之，我们的研究结果为NAFLD与大脑表型之间的关联提供了系统的评估，并优先考虑了容易受到NAFLD影响的功能连通性，这可能为NAFLD诱导的大脑疾病的临床诊断和治疗提供见解。
{"title":"Genetic evidence for the causal relationship between NAFLD and brain functional connectivity","authors":"Xiao Li, Virgia Wang","doi":"10.1145/3543081.3543093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543081.3543093","url":null,"abstract":"Liver disease is responsible for approximately 2 million deaths each year worldwide [1]. As one of the most prevalent liver diseases, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a term for a range of liver conditions affecting patients who drink little or no alcohol, but have over-storage of fat in their liver cells. The correlation existing between NAFLD and the brain has been well established by past studies. NAFLD has been found to be associated with cerebral risk factors including brain lesions, alterations in cerebral perfusion and activity [2], as well as certain brain phenotypes, such as cerebral brain volume [3] and White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) [4]. A better knowledge of the association could lead to an improved management of risk, or at least lay a foundation for finding explanations for those correlation between the two, implying possible practical implications. In this study, we integrated two Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) datasets of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain traits and NAFLD through Mendelian Randomization (MR), aiming to determine causal relationship as well as the direction of causality between NAFLD and certain brain phenotypes. We found that the functional connectivity between the brain region responsible for vision and that associated with emotional responses is significantly reduced by a higher risk of NAFLD (b≈-0.13, pval≈2.3E-05). The enrichment analysis also shows that the functional connectivity between brain regions is more likely to be affected by NAFLD, while the structural connectivity (measured by dMRI) is less likely to be influenced. Together our result provides a systematic evaluation for the association between NAFLD and brain phenotypes, and prioritizes the functional connectivity that tends to be affected by NAFLD, which could offer insight for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD-induced cerebral disorders.","PeriodicalId":432056,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127871872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tokio Yamazaki, Kota Hirayama, Y. Matsukawa, M. Takemura, K. Umemura
We used digital holographic microscopy (DHM) to assess the deformation of HeLa cancer cells induced by trypsin treatment. Cell deformation with 0.03% or 0.05% trypsin was accurately visualized as micrographs and three-dimensional (3D) tomograms of the cell components based on refractive indices (RI). Via X-Y cross-section analysis of the RI maps, outbreaks of particle-like structures at the cell surface and inside the cell body were effectively represented as RI distributions. This is the first study to report the trypsin-induced deformation of living HeLa cells by DHM without any pre-treatment, such as fluorescent labeling. These results substantiate the potential of DHM techniques to study the effects of enzymes on living cells.
{"title":"Digital Holographic Microscopy of Living Hela Cells Before and After Enzyme Treatments","authors":"Tokio Yamazaki, Kota Hirayama, Y. Matsukawa, M. Takemura, K. Umemura","doi":"10.1145/3543081.3543100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543081.3543100","url":null,"abstract":"We used digital holographic microscopy (DHM) to assess the deformation of HeLa cancer cells induced by trypsin treatment. Cell deformation with 0.03% or 0.05% trypsin was accurately visualized as micrographs and three-dimensional (3D) tomograms of the cell components based on refractive indices (RI). Via X-Y cross-section analysis of the RI maps, outbreaks of particle-like structures at the cell surface and inside the cell body were effectively represented as RI distributions. This is the first study to report the trypsin-induced deformation of living HeLa cells by DHM without any pre-treatment, such as fluorescent labeling. These results substantiate the potential of DHM techniques to study the effects of enzymes on living cells.","PeriodicalId":432056,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Applications","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134478612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aging, the progressive decline of physiological integrity, is not an immutable process. Various genetic, physiological, and environmental factors could modulate this process. Maintaining proper conformation, concentration, and subcellular localization of proteins, proteostasis is critical for cellular functions and proteostasis collapse was proposed as one of the aging hallmarks. However, proteostasis is constantly challenged both pathologically and physiologically, especially in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), the cellular protein processing hub. Therefore, Endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER), a dedicated stress response pathway, was developed to deal with excess unfolded or misfolded protein and ultimately restore ER proteostasis. Here, recent advances in determining UPRER's role in aging were discussed first. Although accumulating evidence has suggested that UPRER contributes to aging causatively, such contribution is complicated and may depend on various factors including intensity, cell type, and duration. After that, several recent advances in determining the mechanisms through which UPRER contributes to aging, both cell autonomously and cell-nonautonomous, were discussed. UPRER's interconnection with other stress response pathways, aging hallmarks, and phenotypical markers of aging are discussed in the third section to provide a more holistic view of aging.
衰老，生理完整性的逐渐下降，并不是一个不可改变的过程。各种遗传、生理和环境因素可以调节这一过程。维持蛋白质的适当构象、浓度和亚细胞定位，蛋白质平衡对细胞功能至关重要，蛋白质平衡的崩溃被认为是衰老的标志之一。然而，在病理和生理上，特别是在细胞蛋白质加工中心内质网(ER)中，蛋白质静止不断受到挑战。因此，内质网未折叠蛋白反应(Endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, UPRER)是一种专门的应激反应途径，用于处理过量未折叠或错误折叠的蛋白，最终恢复内质网蛋白的稳态。本文首先讨论了确定UPRER在衰老中的作用的最新进展。尽管越来越多的证据表明UPRER对衰老有致病作用，但这种作用是复杂的，可能取决于各种因素，包括强度、细胞类型和持续时间。之后，讨论了最近在确定UPRER促进细胞自主和细胞非自主衰老机制方面的一些进展。第三部分将讨论UPRER与其他应激反应途径、衰老标志和衰老表型标志物的相互联系，以提供更全面的衰老观点。
{"title":"Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response and Aging: Causality, Mechanism, and Interplay","authors":"Chang-chun Li","doi":"10.1145/3543081.3543090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543081.3543090","url":null,"abstract":"Aging, the progressive decline of physiological integrity, is not an immutable process. Various genetic, physiological, and environmental factors could modulate this process. Maintaining proper conformation, concentration, and subcellular localization of proteins, proteostasis is critical for cellular functions and proteostasis collapse was proposed as one of the aging hallmarks. However, proteostasis is constantly challenged both pathologically and physiologically, especially in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), the cellular protein processing hub. Therefore, Endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER), a dedicated stress response pathway, was developed to deal with excess unfolded or misfolded protein and ultimately restore ER proteostasis. Here, recent advances in determining UPRER's role in aging were discussed first. Although accumulating evidence has suggested that UPRER contributes to aging causatively, such contribution is complicated and may depend on various factors including intensity, cell type, and duration. After that, several recent advances in determining the mechanisms through which UPRER contributes to aging, both cell autonomously and cell-nonautonomous, were discussed. UPRER's interconnection with other stress response pathways, aging hallmarks, and phenotypical markers of aging are discussed in the third section to provide a more holistic view of aging.","PeriodicalId":432056,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129176784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Existing gene expression analysis methods like microarray or RNA-sequencing are unable to resolve the complex mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to insufficient accuracy and lack of phenotypic data. Particularly, incomplete phenotypic data in public liver gene expression cohorts have cumbered many studies on the progression of NAFLD. To address this issue, the cutting-edge pseudotime analysis is adopted to estimate liver health status in human liver gene expression data. A set of 25 genes differentially expressed between the healthy controls and the NAFLD group samples are identified by differential expression (DE) Analysis. The identified DE genes separate the NAFLD patients and the healthy controls in hierarchical clustering, and their related biological pathways are highly relevant to liver signaling and injury, implying the close relationship between the DE gene expressions and NAFLD. What's more, the pseudotime analysis we conducted simulates the deterioration of NAFLD by using liver fat percent to represent NAFLD severity and aligning the candidate samples on the estimated trajectory according to their respective gene expression and covariates; we verified the pseudotime model using another microarray cohort. The verified pseudotime model is further applied to an RNA-Seq cohort (GTEx) to estimate the liver health status of samples that lacked phenotypic details. This model recurs the timeline of NAFLD progression and verifies the potential key roles of the expression of DE genes in this process. In conclusion, the expressions of the genes and their changes in distinct groups of samples are chronologically consistent with the progression of NAFLD severity. The pseudotime model can be used to impute the missing NAFLD phenotypes in public liver gene expression cohorts.
{"title":"Pseudotime Analysis Imputes the Missing Liver NAFLD Status in Public RNA-Seq Cohorts","authors":"Tongyang Wang, Xiangmei Dou","doi":"10.1145/3543081.3543094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543081.3543094","url":null,"abstract":"Existing gene expression analysis methods like microarray or RNA-sequencing are unable to resolve the complex mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to insufficient accuracy and lack of phenotypic data. Particularly, incomplete phenotypic data in public liver gene expression cohorts have cumbered many studies on the progression of NAFLD. To address this issue, the cutting-edge pseudotime analysis is adopted to estimate liver health status in human liver gene expression data. A set of 25 genes differentially expressed between the healthy controls and the NAFLD group samples are identified by differential expression (DE) Analysis. The identified DE genes separate the NAFLD patients and the healthy controls in hierarchical clustering, and their related biological pathways are highly relevant to liver signaling and injury, implying the close relationship between the DE gene expressions and NAFLD. What's more, the pseudotime analysis we conducted simulates the deterioration of NAFLD by using liver fat percent to represent NAFLD severity and aligning the candidate samples on the estimated trajectory according to their respective gene expression and covariates; we verified the pseudotime model using another microarray cohort. The verified pseudotime model is further applied to an RNA-Seq cohort (GTEx) to estimate the liver health status of samples that lacked phenotypic details. This model recurs the timeline of NAFLD progression and verifies the potential key roles of the expression of DE genes in this process. In conclusion, the expressions of the genes and their changes in distinct groups of samples are chronologically consistent with the progression of NAFLD severity. The pseudotime model can be used to impute the missing NAFLD phenotypes in public liver gene expression cohorts.","PeriodicalId":432056,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115271547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongtao Yue, Yeping Peng, Song Wang, Guangzhong Cao, Huapeng Li
Implanted artificial joints will produce a large number of abrasive particles due to friction. These abrasive particles not only aggravate the wear of the friction pair but also have a series of biological reactions with human tissues, which will affect the service life of the joints and the health of patients. Therefore, studying the types and generation mechanism of abrasive particles is of great significance to improve the reliability and service life of artificial joints. However, the traditional artificial joint wear particle analysis methods require complicated operations such as tissue fluid decomposition, dilution, centrifugation, and filtration, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the chemical reagents used can also cause harm to the human body. To improve the automation level of artificial joint wear particle analysis and reduce manual intervention, an artificial joint wear particle analysis method is here proposed. This method is based on using image sequences for rapid extraction and classification of wear particle types. First, moving wear particles in the video are detected and tracked; then, extract the contour features of each particle for single-view recognition; finally, merge multi-view processing and Intelligent recognition to realize quantity statistics and morphological classification of artificial joint wear particles. Compared with the traditional analysis approaches, the proposed method achieves direct and rapid acquisition of the number and types of wear particles from the tissue fluid. This method can significantly reduce the labor and material costs, improve the analysis efficiency, and the wear state of the friction pair of the artificial joint.
{"title":"Intelligent Recognition of Artificial Joint Wear Particles From Lubrication Fluid Based on Multi-View Image Features","authors":"Hongtao Yue, Yeping Peng, Song Wang, Guangzhong Cao, Huapeng Li","doi":"10.1145/3543081.3543087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543081.3543087","url":null,"abstract":"Implanted artificial joints will produce a large number of abrasive particles due to friction. These abrasive particles not only aggravate the wear of the friction pair but also have a series of biological reactions with human tissues, which will affect the service life of the joints and the health of patients. Therefore, studying the types and generation mechanism of abrasive particles is of great significance to improve the reliability and service life of artificial joints. However, the traditional artificial joint wear particle analysis methods require complicated operations such as tissue fluid decomposition, dilution, centrifugation, and filtration, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the chemical reagents used can also cause harm to the human body. To improve the automation level of artificial joint wear particle analysis and reduce manual intervention, an artificial joint wear particle analysis method is here proposed. This method is based on using image sequences for rapid extraction and classification of wear particle types. First, moving wear particles in the video are detected and tracked; then, extract the contour features of each particle for single-view recognition; finally, merge multi-view processing and Intelligent recognition to realize quantity statistics and morphological classification of artificial joint wear particles. Compared with the traditional analysis approaches, the proposed method achieves direct and rapid acquisition of the number and types of wear particles from the tissue fluid. This method can significantly reduce the labor and material costs, improve the analysis efficiency, and the wear state of the friction pair of the artificial joint.","PeriodicalId":432056,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Applications","volume":"320 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122630929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organ-on-chip opened the gate to study human diseases in vitro, especially brain disorders. In this work, we designed a cell manipulation chip based on a microelectrodes array (MEA) for precisely localizing one single cell in a specific position. Dielectrophoresis, created by nonuniform electrical field, was used to attract cells onto microelectrodes. Every microelectrode is intended to manipulate cells independently and record signals from selected neural or muscle cells. Network of neurons could be developed on the proposed MEA chip, with precisely recording and continuously monitoring, to study the pathology of human neural diseases.
{"title":"Single Cell Manipulation and Characterization Intended to Study Pathology of Neural Diseases","authors":"Hongyong Zhang, Pengbo Wang, Mohamad Sawan","doi":"10.1145/3543081.3543097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543081.3543097","url":null,"abstract":"Organ-on-chip opened the gate to study human diseases in vitro, especially brain disorders. In this work, we designed a cell manipulation chip based on a microelectrodes array (MEA) for precisely localizing one single cell in a specific position. Dielectrophoresis, created by nonuniform electrical field, was used to attract cells onto microelectrodes. Every microelectrode is intended to manipulate cells independently and record signals from selected neural or muscle cells. Network of neurons could be developed on the proposed MEA chip, with precisely recording and continuously monitoring, to study the pathology of human neural diseases.","PeriodicalId":432056,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Applications","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130926320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain as the central nervous system controls human functions assisted by neurons through processing the received information towards sending the commands. Brain research problems are mainly categorized in cognition, perception and sensation. Each problem originally refers to state of intracranial components and neuronal activity. Various techniques; non-invasive and invasive, are available to provide valuable information of the brain. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique that is extensively applied in brain studies due to being convenient and affordable by recording and measuring the potential differences between two regions on the scalp representing overall neuronal activity. Despite EEG being a beneficial technique, it has the main drawback of missing intracranial knowledge. In this paper, three different brain study approaches are introduced; Mathematical-based, Engineering-based and Medical-engineering-based. The achievements from each study represent the challenges in each approach and propose the possible future investigations. In addition, EEG primary definitions are explained comprehensively. The paper provides sufficient information for researchers to choose suitable approach in solving research problems related to brain study using EEG.
{"title":"Solving Brain Research Problems: Electroencephalography Focus","authors":"T. Najafi, R. Jaafar","doi":"10.1145/3543081.3543084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543081.3543084","url":null,"abstract":"Brain as the central nervous system controls human functions assisted by neurons through processing the received information towards sending the commands. Brain research problems are mainly categorized in cognition, perception and sensation. Each problem originally refers to state of intracranial components and neuronal activity. Various techniques; non-invasive and invasive, are available to provide valuable information of the brain. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique that is extensively applied in brain studies due to being convenient and affordable by recording and measuring the potential differences between two regions on the scalp representing overall neuronal activity. Despite EEG being a beneficial technique, it has the main drawback of missing intracranial knowledge. In this paper, three different brain study approaches are introduced; Mathematical-based, Engineering-based and Medical-engineering-based. The achievements from each study represent the challenges in each approach and propose the possible future investigations. In addition, EEG primary definitions are explained comprehensively. The paper provides sufficient information for researchers to choose suitable approach in solving research problems related to brain study using EEG.","PeriodicalId":432056,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125601680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiple myeloma (MM) is claimed to be a leading fatal cancer in the United States. A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the relationship between the risk of multiple myeloma and environmental factors including CO2 intensity leaked by oil equivalent energy use, PM2.5, total greenhouse gas emission, and sanitized water usage, respectively, and to further determine any association's worldwide universality. We used multivariate unconditional analysis (ANOVA) to examine the distributions of MM incidence rate among groups with selected characteristics. In addition, we used multivariate conditioned generalized linear regression models to estimate effects of each environmental factor on MM incidence rate. A rate. Among black racial groups aged from 65 to 74 years in the United States, total greenhouse gas emission had a positive effect on the cancer risk as predicted. However, in accordance with empirical work to date, our comparative analyses revealed that MM incidence rate was not significantly associated with an increase in other in other variates relative to age. Thus, our combined results require further confirmation in other populations with specific personal information.
{"title":"Environmental Factors and Multiple Myeloma Risk: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in the United States","authors":"Dong-Gui Cai, Zhijun Li, Yulun Wu","doi":"10.1145/3543081.3543099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543081.3543099","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple myeloma (MM) is claimed to be a leading fatal cancer in the United States. A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the relationship between the risk of multiple myeloma and environmental factors including CO2 intensity leaked by oil equivalent energy use, PM2.5, total greenhouse gas emission, and sanitized water usage, respectively, and to further determine any association's worldwide universality. We used multivariate unconditional analysis (ANOVA) to examine the distributions of MM incidence rate among groups with selected characteristics. In addition, we used multivariate conditioned generalized linear regression models to estimate effects of each environmental factor on MM incidence rate. A rate. Among black racial groups aged from 65 to 74 years in the United States, total greenhouse gas emission had a positive effect on the cancer risk as predicted. However, in accordance with empirical work to date, our comparative analyses revealed that MM incidence rate was not significantly associated with an increase in other in other variates relative to age. Thus, our combined results require further confirmation in other populations with specific personal information.","PeriodicalId":432056,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Applications","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123553297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extraction of tumor information genes and the processing of gene expression profile data is a very important step in the study of gene expression profile, which is of great significance to the diagnosis of patients. In this paper, a novel method for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)information gene extraction and classification is proposed based on graph theory. Firstly, the expression of each gene under different conditions is mapped to make it easy to use the knowledge of graph theory to mine rules. Then singular value decomposition (SVD) was used to obtain the spectral information of the map and characterize the gene expression rule. The information gene subset was selected according to the calculation of cosine Angle and distance between the map and the ideal template. Finally, experiments are carried out on two public DLBCL data sets, and the experimental results show that the classification accuracy is above 85% no matter how many information genes are selected or the parameters of the classifier are adjusted. The optimal classification accuracy is 98.7%, which is satisfactory. The expression patterns of information genes related to DLBCL type recognition were presented to assist tumor specialists in identifying and treating DLBCL.
{"title":"An Improved Method of Extracting and Classifying DLBCL Information Genes","authors":"Changling Zuo, Hai Yan Wu, Min Zhu","doi":"10.1145/3543081.3543096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543081.3543096","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction of tumor information genes and the processing of gene expression profile data is a very important step in the study of gene expression profile, which is of great significance to the diagnosis of patients. In this paper, a novel method for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)information gene extraction and classification is proposed based on graph theory. Firstly, the expression of each gene under different conditions is mapped to make it easy to use the knowledge of graph theory to mine rules. Then singular value decomposition (SVD) was used to obtain the spectral information of the map and characterize the gene expression rule. The information gene subset was selected according to the calculation of cosine Angle and distance between the map and the ideal template. Finally, experiments are carried out on two public DLBCL data sets, and the experimental results show that the classification accuracy is above 85% no matter how many information genes are selected or the parameters of the classifier are adjusted. The optimal classification accuracy is 98.7%, which is satisfactory. The expression patterns of information genes related to DLBCL type recognition were presented to assist tumor specialists in identifying and treating DLBCL.","PeriodicalId":432056,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122157310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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