O. Affandi, H. Kartodihardjo, B. Nugroho, S. Ekawati
After the implementation of Law Number 23/2014 on Regional Government in Indonesia, the authority for forest management rests with the central and provincial governments. This study aims to (1) assess forest governance performance after the implementation of this law, (2) analyse the institutional aspects of forest governance after the implementation of this law and (3) formulate strategies to strengthen forest governance institutions. This study finds that although Law Number 23/2014 has been implemented in North Sumatra Province, the forestry sector remains centralistic; the characteristics of forest resources have not changed (these continue to be common pool resources) and the behaviour of the actors lacks synergy. In this scenario, the performance of forest governance has not improved significantly, as indicated by the incomplete designation of forest areas; the number of Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan that have not implemented the Badan Layanan Umum Daerah scheme; the low rights of access and low forest utilisation by the community; and the slow service process for permits; however, the costs for obtaining permits are according to regulations. This is in line with the results of this study’s institutional analysis, which show that (1) the provincial jurisdiction boundaries have narrowed, given that only the central government has authority over the forestry planning sub-function and forestry supervision; (2) many central government regulations continue to be used in forest management, characterising the low aspect of provincial regional representation rules; and (3) despite clear forest ownership rights, there are claims from other stakeholders, which indicates the low legitimacy of the parties. This study suggests that forest governance performance can be improved by expanding the jurisdiction boundaries through the assistance task mechanism to the provincial government; ensuring provincial government participation in formulating forest policies; and increasing the status of forest permit holders and managers from claimants to proprietors.
{"title":"Institutional analysis of forest governance after the implementation of Law Number 23/2014 in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia","authors":"O. Affandi, H. Kartodihardjo, B. Nugroho, S. Ekawati","doi":"10.24259/FS.V5I2.8755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/FS.V5I2.8755","url":null,"abstract":"After the implementation of Law Number 23/2014 on Regional Government in Indonesia, the authority for forest management rests with the central and provincial governments. This study aims to (1) assess forest governance performance after the implementation of this law, (2) analyse the institutional aspects of forest governance after the implementation of this law and (3) formulate strategies to strengthen forest governance institutions. This study finds that although Law Number 23/2014 has been implemented in North Sumatra Province, the forestry sector remains centralistic; the characteristics of forest resources have not changed (these continue to be common pool resources) and the behaviour of the actors lacks synergy. In this scenario, the performance of forest governance has not improved significantly, as indicated by the incomplete designation of forest areas; the number of Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan that have not implemented the Badan Layanan Umum Daerah scheme; the low rights of access and low forest utilisation by the community; and the slow service process for permits; however, the costs for obtaining permits are according to regulations. This is in line with the results of this study’s institutional analysis, which show that (1) the provincial jurisdiction boundaries have narrowed, given that only the central government has authority over the forestry planning sub-function and forestry supervision; (2) many central government regulations continue to be used in forest management, characterising the low aspect of provincial regional representation rules; and (3) despite clear forest ownership rights, there are claims from other stakeholders, which indicates the low legitimacy of the parties. This study suggests that forest governance performance can be improved by expanding the jurisdiction boundaries through the assistance task mechanism to the provincial government; ensuring provincial government participation in formulating forest policies; and increasing the status of forest permit holders and managers from claimants to proprietors.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74742375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research examines models of social resistances in response to top-down forest governance in the provincial government of East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The researcher demonstrates the models of (1) forest management and (2) people’s resistance against the regional government.The author found three fundamental problems through the perspectives of the right to the governing authority of the state and social resistance. First, the provincial government monopolise forest management since 1982 for cattle breeding. Instead of offering prosperity to the people, this forest management model excludes the people from the forest and cattle resources. Second, when the signed contract ended, the local residents refused to extend forest management concessions to the provincial government. Third, the refusal by the residents was carried out through various forms of social movements and cultural politics. However, the provincial government mobilised the police, the civil service police, and the armed forces to intimidate the resistant communities.
{"title":"State-led Forest Development and Social Protest in East Nusa Tenggara Province","authors":"Didimus Dedi Dhosa","doi":"10.24259/FS.V5I2.11320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/FS.V5I2.11320","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines models of social resistances in response to top-down forest governance in the provincial government of East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The researcher demonstrates the models of (1) forest management and (2) people’s resistance against the regional government.The author found three fundamental problems through the perspectives of the right to the governing authority of the state and social resistance. First, the provincial government monopolise forest management since 1982 for cattle breeding. Instead of offering prosperity to the people, this forest management model excludes the people from the forest and cattle resources. Second, when the signed contract ended, the local residents refused to extend forest management concessions to the provincial government. Third, the refusal by the residents was carried out through various forms of social movements and cultural politics. However, the provincial government mobilised the police, the civil service police, and the armed forces to intimidate the resistant communities.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80316977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Maulany, Aisyah Mutmainnah, N. Nasri, A. Achmad, P. O. Ngakan
Wildlife trade has become one of the main causes of species loss and extinction. Increasing anthropogenic pressure posits crucial challenges to wildlife, and several species are threatened or at the edge of extinction. In this study, we aimed to examine the current wildlife trade in Makassar City of South Sulawesi, especially focusing on traded species, their area of origin, price, conservation status and traders’ distribution across the city. We conducted a market survey and direct observations of animals and wildlife traders in several locations, using a questionnaire targeting both wildlife/pet sellers and buyers. We also interviewed government bodies related with wildlife trade. Our results showed that there were 13 distribution spots of wildlife trading in the city of Makassar, and 27 different wildlife suppliers. During the seven months of observation (March-September 2018), the trade involved 62 species of birds, mammals and reptiles. More than 50% of these species had Indonesian origins, and 18% were endemic species of Sulawesi Island. The highest number of animals traded in the market were birds. Out of the 2,642 individuals being traded, 32 were considered as protected species under the IUCN regulation, 24 were species whose trade is regulated by CITES, and 10 were nationally protected according to the Indonesian Government’s Laws. The traded animals were obtained from different sources, including direct hunters, middlemen, opportunists, and breeders, mostly from Sulawesi (44.19%) and western parts of Indonesia (37.21%).
{"title":"Tracing Current Wildlife Trade: An Initial Investigation in Makassar City, Indonesia","authors":"R. Maulany, Aisyah Mutmainnah, N. Nasri, A. Achmad, P. O. Ngakan","doi":"10.24259/FS.V5I2.9097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/FS.V5I2.9097","url":null,"abstract":"Wildlife trade has become one of the main causes of species loss and extinction. Increasing anthropogenic pressure posits crucial challenges to wildlife, and several species are threatened or at the edge of extinction. In this study, we aimed to examine the current wildlife trade in Makassar City of South Sulawesi, especially focusing on traded species, their area of origin, price, conservation status and traders’ distribution across the city. We conducted a market survey and direct observations of animals and wildlife traders in several locations, using a questionnaire targeting both wildlife/pet sellers and buyers. We also interviewed government bodies related with wildlife trade. Our results showed that there were 13 distribution spots of wildlife trading in the city of Makassar, and 27 different wildlife suppliers. During the seven months of observation (March-September 2018), the trade involved 62 species of birds, mammals and reptiles. More than 50% of these species had Indonesian origins, and 18% were endemic species of Sulawesi Island. The highest number of animals traded in the market were birds. Out of the 2,642 individuals being traded, 32 were considered as protected species under the IUCN regulation, 24 were species whose trade is regulated by CITES, and 10 were nationally protected according to the Indonesian Government’s Laws. The traded animals were obtained from different sources, including direct hunters, middlemen, opportunists, and breeders, mostly from Sulawesi (44.19%) and western parts of Indonesia (37.21%).","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90439776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest ecosystems are depleting and heading towards degradation which would adversely affect the world's socio-economic harmony. Various disasters disturb the cordial relationship of the flora and fauna and impose imbalance in the ecology as a whole; forest fire is one of its kind. India has witnessed a 125% rise in forest fire occurrences between the years 2015 and 2017. This paper presents a study of various factors and the analysis of forest fire in Sikkim. The period of 10 years, forest fire incidences, i.e., from the year 2004 to the year 2014 have been considered for the study. The forest fire data was collected from Forest and Environment Department, Government of Sikkim, and preliminary processing was performed to check for anomalies. The study observed that there has been an increased forest fire incidence over the years and highest being in the year 2009. These fire incidences have damaged a total area of 5,047.16 ha of land damaging various flora and fauna. It was observed that the maximum forest fire cases are below an altitude of 1500m, during winter months (December to February extending to March) and in sub-tropical Sal (Shorea robusta) forest. West district of Sikkim recorded the highest number of forest fire incidences and area covered followed by south and east districts; the north district was least affected. As per the visual interpretation of forest fire incidence data and literature review, the main factors responsible for forest fire in Sikkim are low rainfall, dry winter season, and type of vegetation. Also, a linear regression was performed between weather factors like average temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and wind velocity (Km/h) on incidences of forest fire between the year 2009-2014 (n=389). It was found that the average temperature (r=0.37, Slope=9.59 and SD= ±12.00) and relative humidity (r=-0.6, Slope=-4.52, and SD=±2.68) plays a moderate linear relationship in influencing the incidences of forest fires. However, wind velocity showed almost a flat curve indicating its minimal role in influencing forest fire incidences. Parameter modelling and preparation of forest fire risk zone map would be an effective tool in preventing and managing forest fire in Sikkim.
{"title":"Analysis and interpretation of forest fire data of Sikkim","authors":"Kapil Mohan Sharma, G. Thapa","doi":"10.24259/FS.V5I2.10931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/FS.V5I2.10931","url":null,"abstract":"Forest ecosystems are depleting and heading towards degradation which would adversely affect the world's socio-economic harmony. Various disasters disturb the cordial relationship of the flora and fauna and impose imbalance in the ecology as a whole; forest fire is one of its kind. India has witnessed a 125% rise in forest fire occurrences between the years 2015 and 2017. This paper presents a study of various factors and the analysis of forest fire in Sikkim. The period of 10 years, forest fire incidences, i.e., from the year 2004 to the year 2014 have been considered for the study. The forest fire data was collected from Forest and Environment Department, Government of Sikkim, and preliminary processing was performed to check for anomalies. The study observed that there has been an increased forest fire incidence over the years and highest being in the year 2009. These fire incidences have damaged a total area of 5,047.16 ha of land damaging various flora and fauna. It was observed that the maximum forest fire cases are below an altitude of 1500m, during winter months (December to February extending to March) and in sub-tropical Sal (Shorea robusta) forest. West district of Sikkim recorded the highest number of forest fire incidences and area covered followed by south and east districts; the north district was least affected. As per the visual interpretation of forest fire incidence data and literature review, the main factors responsible for forest fire in Sikkim are low rainfall, dry winter season, and type of vegetation. Also, a linear regression was performed between weather factors like average temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and wind velocity (Km/h) on incidences of forest fire between the year 2009-2014 (n=389). It was found that the average temperature (r=0.37, Slope=9.59 and SD= ±12.00) and relative humidity (r=-0.6, Slope=-4.52, and SD=±2.68) plays a moderate linear relationship in influencing the incidences of forest fires. However, wind velocity showed almost a flat curve indicating its minimal role in influencing forest fire incidences. Parameter modelling and preparation of forest fire risk zone map would be an effective tool in preventing and managing forest fire in Sikkim.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75073326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seasonal dynamics in tropical forests are closely related to the variation in forest canopy gaps. The canopy gaps change continuously in shape and size between the rainy and dry seasons, leading to the variation in the vegetative indicators. To monitor the variation of the canopy gaps, UAVs were used to collect datas in the mentioned tropical forests at an altitude of over 1,000m in Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Vietnam with a post-processing image resolution of about 8cm, which allows the detection of relatively small gaps. The analysis results at 10 squares of 1 ha showed a decrease in the area of canopy gaps from the rainy season in September 2019 to the dry season of May 2020. The mixed broad-leaved or broadleaf forest dominates with a greater variation, when the area of the gaps decreases significantly. The variation in forest canopy gaps and vegetative indicators are closely related to the high differentiation of terrain, the seasonal and the dry season climatic characteristics. The fluctuation of the vegetation cover affects the habitats of the species under the forest canopy such as animals, birds and soil fauna. This is one of the scientific bases that contributes to the management and conservation of flora and fauna biodiversity, especially in mountainous tropical forests such as Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve.
{"title":"Seasonal Dynamics of Tropical Forest Vegetation in Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Vietnam Based on UAV Data","authors":"Nguyen Dang Hoi, Ngo Trung Dung","doi":"10.24259/fs.v5i2.13027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v5i2.13027","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal dynamics in tropical forests are closely related to the variation in forest canopy gaps. The canopy gaps change continuously in shape and size between the rainy and dry seasons, leading to the variation in the vegetative indicators. To monitor the variation of the canopy gaps, UAVs were used to collect datas in the mentioned tropical forests at an altitude of over 1,000m in Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Vietnam with a post-processing image resolution of about 8cm, which allows the detection of relatively small gaps. The analysis results at 10 squares of 1 ha showed a decrease in the area of canopy gaps from the rainy season in September 2019 to the dry season of May 2020. The mixed broad-leaved or broadleaf forest dominates with a greater variation, when the area of the gaps decreases significantly. The variation in forest canopy gaps and vegetative indicators are closely related to the high differentiation of terrain, the seasonal and the dry season climatic characteristics. The fluctuation of the vegetation cover affects the habitats of the species under the forest canopy such as animals, birds and soil fauna. This is one of the scientific bases that contributes to the management and conservation of flora and fauna biodiversity, especially in mountainous tropical forests such as Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87016298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Widiyanto, S. Suhartono, M. Utomo, I. S. Ruhimat, T. S. Widyaningsih, M. Palmolina, E. Fauziyah, Sanudin Sanudin
Globally, various sectors were adversely affected by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to determine the economic condition of bamboo craftsmen in Mandalagiri Village, Leuwisari District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. This is an in-depth research with data obtained by interviewing 35 bamboo craftsmen with various products and production scales. The results showed that craftsmen were not economically affected by the pandemic rather by the central government-stipulated regulation on social distancing, which led to their inability to transport their product from Tasikmalaya to Jakarta and other regions. However, since the government lifted the ban, their income has increased by an average of 2%. The result further showed that the main factor that keeps craftsmen from being negatively affected by the pandemic is the increasing online market demand supported by the availability of raw materials and the ability to adapt to various new model products. Other factors linked to the national market and products answer the demand of the modern market in the cities. Meanwhile, the main factors that positively affect the craftsmen's income are age and marital status.
{"title":"The Bamboo Business in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia, During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"A. Widiyanto, S. Suhartono, M. Utomo, I. S. Ruhimat, T. S. Widyaningsih, M. Palmolina, E. Fauziyah, Sanudin Sanudin","doi":"10.24259/fs.v5i2.13704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v5i2.13704","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, various sectors were adversely affected by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to determine the economic condition of bamboo craftsmen in Mandalagiri Village, Leuwisari District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. This is an in-depth research with data obtained by interviewing 35 bamboo craftsmen with various products and production scales. The results showed that craftsmen were not economically affected by the pandemic rather by the central government-stipulated regulation on social distancing, which led to their inability to transport their product from Tasikmalaya to Jakarta and other regions. However, since the government lifted the ban, their income has increased by an average of 2%. The result further showed that the main factor that keeps craftsmen from being negatively affected by the pandemic is the increasing online market demand supported by the availability of raw materials and the ability to adapt to various new model products. Other factors linked to the national market and products answer the demand of the modern market in the cities. Meanwhile, the main factors that positively affect the craftsmen's income are age and marital status.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80182929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mangroves provide benefits and various services to local communities living along coastal areas, particularly fishery communities. Fishery community perceptions are significant in determining attitudes towards improving mangrove conditions, which can also be addressed through restoration activities. This research was conducted to analyze fisheries communities perceptions, willingness to pay (WTP) for mangroves restoration, and mangrove forest management strategies. Field surveys were conducted from July-August 2019 and February-March 2020. Primary data were collected from respondents in four regions (Kalianda Regency, South Lampung Regency, Bandar Lampung City, and Pesawaran Regency) in Lampung Province, Indonesia, which consist of fishers, shrimp farmers, crab and wood seekers, and finfish farmers. The respondents were 193 people, and four experts were involved in the policy scenario analysis. Results revealed a gap in the value of WTP among fishery community groups, in which the average value for fishers is lower than shrimp farmers. The years of formal education significantly influenced the WTP for mangrove restoration. Based on the scenario analysis, scenario 01 become a priority strategy, where four policies (P1 = Mangrove ecotourism development in Lampung Bay; P2 = Mangrove knowledge education and training on processing mangrove based products; P3 = Restoration and conservation of mangrove forests; and P4 = Community-based management for mangrove forests utilization) show high likelihoods to be simultaneously implemented for mangroves management, with mangrove ecotourism policy as the most decisive policy. For future research, other explanatory variables can be added, such as information on family member characteristics, and to develop a bottom-up policy scenario by identifying and involving the role of the local community.
{"title":"Mangrove Forest Restoration by Fisheries Communities in Lampung Bay: A study based on perceptions, willingness to pay, and management strategy","authors":"Maulana Firdaus, K. Hatanaka, R. Saville","doi":"10.24259/fs.v5i2.12008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v5i2.12008","url":null,"abstract":"Mangroves provide benefits and various services to local communities living along coastal areas, particularly fishery communities. Fishery community perceptions are significant in determining attitudes towards improving mangrove conditions, which can also be addressed through restoration activities. This research was conducted to analyze fisheries communities perceptions, willingness to pay (WTP) for mangroves restoration, and mangrove forest management strategies. Field surveys were conducted from July-August 2019 and February-March 2020. Primary data were collected from respondents in four regions (Kalianda Regency, South Lampung Regency, Bandar Lampung City, and Pesawaran Regency) in Lampung Province, Indonesia, which consist of fishers, shrimp farmers, crab and wood seekers, and finfish farmers. The respondents were 193 people, and four experts were involved in the policy scenario analysis. Results revealed a gap in the value of WTP among fishery community groups, in which the average value for fishers is lower than shrimp farmers. The years of formal education significantly influenced the WTP for mangrove restoration. Based on the scenario analysis, scenario 01 become a priority strategy, where four policies (P1 = Mangrove ecotourism development in Lampung Bay; P2 = Mangrove knowledge education and training on processing mangrove based products; P3 = Restoration and conservation of mangrove forests; and P4 = Community-based management for mangrove forests utilization) show high likelihoods to be simultaneously implemented for mangroves management, with mangrove ecotourism policy as the most decisive policy. For future research, other explanatory variables can be added, such as information on family member characteristics, and to develop a bottom-up policy scenario by identifying and involving the role of the local community.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76573855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the organic rice production system in four districts of Chiang Mai Province. Eight organic farmers were purposefully chosen as informants because they have possessed forty-seven resilience components (SERCs) needed to cope with all kinds of social-ecological change. They were asked using a structured questionnaire to assign each SERC’s contribution value before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, in which each time scoring must be coupled with entailed explanations. Then, the paired samples t-test was run to compare such means of SERCs’ contribution values to examine whether their organic rice production’s resilience was affected by the pandemic and how. Results showed the means of SERCs before and after the pandemic have no significant difference as the p-value is 1.00 at the 95% confidence interval. This meant the pandemic does not influence the organic rice production’s social-ecological resilience. But several practices and qualifications were found varying from the original to make production more suitable. The dependence on household labor and that on mutual labor exchange were respectively increased and decreased in their roles in resilience building. Labor availability was interrupted by the social distancing protocol that had restricted people from gathering. Besides, the household accounts recording was adopted more than usual for being seen as a solution to improving the household economy during the time of financial vulnerability. Importantly, relying on local goods was remarkably recognized for increased importance. This was an attempt to get access to materials possibly free from the COVID-19 contamination because of the absent transportation. These findings provide two key interests. They can be applied as a framework not only to strengthen agricultural resilience but also to propose a blueprint of coping mechanisms against the pandemic at a mass scale.
{"title":"Does the COVID-19 pandemic affect social-ecological resilience of organic rice production system in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand?","authors":"C. Panpakdee, Fakjit Palinthorn","doi":"10.24259/fs.v5i2.10642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v5i2.10642","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the organic rice production system in four districts of Chiang Mai Province. Eight organic farmers were purposefully chosen as informants because they have possessed forty-seven resilience components (SERCs) needed to cope with all kinds of social-ecological change. They were asked using a structured questionnaire to assign each SERC’s contribution value before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, in which each time scoring must be coupled with entailed explanations. Then, the paired samples t-test was run to compare such means of SERCs’ contribution values to examine whether their organic rice production’s resilience was affected by the pandemic and how. Results showed the means of SERCs before and after the pandemic have no significant difference as the p-value is 1.00 at the 95% confidence interval. This meant the pandemic does not influence the organic rice production’s social-ecological resilience. But several practices and qualifications were found varying from the original to make production more suitable. The dependence on household labor and that on mutual labor exchange were respectively increased and decreased in their roles in resilience building. Labor availability was interrupted by the social distancing protocol that had restricted people from gathering. Besides, the household accounts recording was adopted more than usual for being seen as a solution to improving the household economy during the time of financial vulnerability. Importantly, relying on local goods was remarkably recognized for increased importance. This was an attempt to get access to materials possibly free from the COVID-19 contamination because of the absent transportation. These findings provide two key interests. They can be applied as a framework not only to strengthen agricultural resilience but also to propose a blueprint of coping mechanisms against the pandemic at a mass scale.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85765614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arnanto Nurprabowo, S. Awang, Sigit Hardwinarto, B. Dharmawan, M. H. Daulay, A. Maryudi
Forest land allocation and use in Indonesia have been politically contested and characterized by poor data and competing interests of different institutions. This study analyzes the process of integrating scientific findings in policymaking about land use and changes. The focus is on the processes related to the changes of Highly Important Forest Zones with Strategic Values (Dampak Penting Cakupan Luas dan bernilai Strategis/DPCLS). DPCLS forests are unique as any changes require approval from the parliament to complement the processes at the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and must be based on rigorous scientific evaluation. This study uses the case of Riau Islands (Kepri) Province, previously part of Riau Province, which to date is one of only two Indonesian provinces yet to accept the forest zonings of the Ministry. The province’s strategic positions as exclusive economic and free trade zones make it further interesting in terms of land allocation as land becomes increasingly valuable for other uses. This paper specifically asks how the scientific investigation on the potential land use changes were conducted, how reliable the discoveries are, and how they were utilized in multiple steps at different institutions from the proposal evaluations to the approval stages. Our research indicates that scientific findings have rarely been integrated in policy making regarding DPCLS forests in Kepri Province. In addition, the scientific findings are weak; the institution producing them is heavily dominated by government officials and paid consultants/ experts. The scientific body was only established to fulfill the formal processes required by the regulatory frameworks. Proposals and decisions on the changes of DPCLS forests in Kepri Province are more characterized by political considerations. The “scientific findings” of the current land use in Kepri Province is used as a political commodity (or commodities) to support the interests of actors.
印度尼西亚的森林土地分配和使用在政治上存在争议，其特点是数据不足，不同机构的利益相互竞争。本研究分析了将科学发现整合到土地利用与变化政策制定的过程。重点是与具有战略价值的高度重要林区(Dampak Penting Cakupan Luas dan bernilai Strategis/DPCLS)变化有关的过程。DPCLS森林是独一无二的，因为任何改变都需要得到议会的批准，以补充环境和林业部的流程，并且必须基于严格的科学评估。本研究以廖内群岛(Kepri)省为例，该省以前是廖内省的一部分，迄今为止是印度尼西亚仅有的两个尚未接受该部森林区划的省份之一。该省作为专属经济区和自由贸易区的战略地位，使其在土地分配方面变得更加有趣，因为土地在其他用途上变得越来越有价值。本文具体探讨了土地利用潜在变化的科学调查是如何进行的，这些发现的可靠性如何，以及如何在不同机构从提案评估到批准阶段的多个步骤中加以利用。我们的研究表明，科学发现很少被纳入Kepri省DPCLS森林的政策制定中。此外，科学发现也很薄弱;制作它们的机构在很大程度上由政府官员和付费顾问/专家主导。科学机构的建立只是为了履行监管框架所要求的正式程序。关于Kepri省DPCLS森林变化的建议和决定更多地具有政治考虑的特点。Kepri省当前土地利用的“科学发现”被用作支持行为者利益的政治商品(或商品)。
{"title":"Poor science meets political neglect: Land use changes of high conservation value forests in Indonesia","authors":"Arnanto Nurprabowo, S. Awang, Sigit Hardwinarto, B. Dharmawan, M. H. Daulay, A. Maryudi","doi":"10.24259/fs.v5i2.13451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v5i2.13451","url":null,"abstract":"Forest land allocation and use in Indonesia have been politically contested and characterized by poor data and competing interests of different institutions. This study analyzes the process of integrating scientific findings in policymaking about land use and changes. The focus is on the processes related to the changes of Highly Important Forest Zones with Strategic Values (Dampak Penting Cakupan Luas dan bernilai Strategis/DPCLS). DPCLS forests are unique as any changes require approval from the parliament to complement the processes at the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and must be based on rigorous scientific evaluation. This study uses the case of Riau Islands (Kepri) Province, previously part of Riau Province, which to date is one of only two Indonesian provinces yet to accept the forest zonings of the Ministry. The province’s strategic positions as exclusive economic and free trade zones make it further interesting in terms of land allocation as land becomes increasingly valuable for other uses. This paper specifically asks how the scientific investigation on the potential land use changes were conducted, how reliable the discoveries are, and how they were utilized in multiple steps at different institutions from the proposal evaluations to the approval stages. Our research indicates that scientific findings have rarely been integrated in policy making regarding DPCLS forests in Kepri Province. In addition, the scientific findings are weak; the institution producing them is heavily dominated by government officials and paid consultants/ experts. The scientific body was only established to fulfill the formal processes required by the regulatory frameworks. Proposals and decisions on the changes of DPCLS forests in Kepri Province are more characterized by political considerations. The “scientific findings” of the current land use in Kepri Province is used as a political commodity (or commodities) to support the interests of actors.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85482436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Rungrojtrakool, Pimonrat Tiansawat, A. Jampeetong, D. Shannon, S. Chairuangsri
Soil seed banks have been used for investigation of natural regeneration of forests. In this study, we compared seed density and species composition of soil seed banks of trees among natural forests, restored forests of different ages, and abandoned agricultural land. The soil seed banks were collected from a natural forest (NF), 12-year-old and 17-year-old restoration sites (RF12y and RF17y), and 17-year-old abandoned site (AA) at Ban Mae Sa Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand. A seedling emergence technique was used to assess seed density and species of emerged seedlings was identified. We found 5-8 tree species at each site. Seed densities in the study areas ranged from 43 to 298 seeds/m2. The seed density of RF12y was significantly higher than that of both NF and AA but not significantly different than RF17y (p < 0.01). Although there was no significant relationship between the restoration ages and the seed densities of the soil seed banks, the species composition of standing vegetation was related to the seed bank species. Sorensen’s similarities between the species composition of the soil seed banks and the existing trees in each area were between 0 and 13.79%, suggesting seed dispersal of both within and across study sites. Eight out of fourteen species in the soil seed banks were dispersed into restoration sites without standing vegetation of those species. Seven of those were animal-dispersed species. The selected native trees, framework species, attracted small seed dispersers into the study areas, especially at the restoration sites. This finding suggests that active forest restoration improved natural regeneration in restoration sites as well as neighboring areas via seed dispersal.
土壤种子库已被用于森林自然更新的调查。本研究比较了天然林、不同龄期恢复林和撂荒农用地土壤树种种子库的种子密度和物种组成。土壤种子库收集自泰国清迈Ban Mae Sa Mai的天然林(NF)、12年和17年的恢复点(RF12y和RF17y)和17年的废弃点(AA)。采用出苗技术评价种子密度，鉴定出出苗种类。我们在每个地点发现了5-8种树种。研究区种子密度为43 ~ 298粒/m2。RF12y的种子密度极显著高于NF和AA，但与RF17y差异不显著(p < 0.01)。虽然恢复年龄与种子库种子密度关系不显著，但立地植被的物种组成与种子库物种有关。土壤种子库的物种组成与各地区现有树木的Sorensen相似度在0 ~ 13.79%之间，表明种子在研究点内和研究点间都有传播。土壤种子库中14种植物中有8种被分散到没有植被的恢复地点。其中7种是动物分散物种。所选择的本地树种，框架树种，吸引了小型种子传播者进入研究区域，特别是在恢复地点。这一发现表明，积极的森林恢复通过种子传播促进了恢复地点及其周边地区的自然更新。
{"title":"Soil Seed Banks of Tree Species from Natural Forests, Restoration Sites, and Abandoned Areas in Chiang Mai, Thailand","authors":"P. Rungrojtrakool, Pimonrat Tiansawat, A. Jampeetong, D. Shannon, S. Chairuangsri","doi":"10.24259/fs.v5i1.11612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v5i1.11612","url":null,"abstract":"Soil seed banks have been used for investigation of natural regeneration of forests. In this study, we compared seed density and species composition of soil seed banks of trees among natural forests, restored forests of different ages, and abandoned agricultural land. The soil seed banks were collected from a natural forest (NF), 12-year-old and 17-year-old restoration sites (RF12y and RF17y), and 17-year-old abandoned site (AA) at Ban Mae Sa Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand. A seedling emergence technique was used to assess seed density and species of emerged seedlings was identified. We found 5-8 tree species at each site. Seed densities in the study areas ranged from 43 to 298 seeds/m2. The seed density of RF12y was significantly higher than that of both NF and AA but not significantly different than RF17y (p < 0.01). Although there was no significant relationship between the restoration ages and the seed densities of the soil seed banks, the species composition of standing vegetation was related to the seed bank species. Sorensen’s similarities between the species composition of the soil seed banks and the existing trees in each area were between 0 and 13.79%, suggesting seed dispersal of both within and across study sites. Eight out of fourteen species in the soil seed banks were dispersed into restoration sites without standing vegetation of those species. Seven of those were animal-dispersed species. The selected native trees, framework species, attracted small seed dispersers into the study areas, especially at the restoration sites. This finding suggests that active forest restoration improved natural regeneration in restoration sites as well as neighboring areas via seed dispersal.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85674561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：