This study aimed to investigate plant diversity, traditional utilization, and create a web-based application for sustainable community-based utilization management of the small-scale Nong Sakae Community Forest, Dan Chak sub-district, Non Thai district, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Our results revealed 29 plant species belonging to 21 genera. Notably, the Fabaceae family dominated the forest and comprised seven species, including two recognized as invasive species. Diversity indices revealed a moderate level of species diversity, with Shannon–Weaver (H’) and Simpson's diversity indices at 1.7844 and 0.6076, respectively. Species richness indices involving Margalef and Menhinick were 4.3805 and 1.1869, respectively, whereas evenness was 0.5414. The most ecologically significant species was Vietnamosasa ciliata A. Camus, which exhibited the highest importance value index (IVI) at 63.4321. Furthermore, the community forest served as a sustenance for the local community for food, medicinal herbs, and timber, emphasizing its significance in supporting their livelihoods. However, this forest has faced encroachment, forest fires, and littering. A web-based mapping system has made forest information more available and understandable, enabling informed decision making and effective forest management. This study offers valuable insights into biodiversity and ecosystem functions in the Nong Sakae Community Forest, emphasizing the need for collaboration and effective policy development in conservation efforts.
{"title":"Plant Diversity, Traditional Utilization, and Community-Based Conservation of the Small-Scale Nong Sakae Community Forest in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand","authors":"Thanakorn Saengsanga, Sarochinee Kaewthani, Tarntip Rattana","doi":"10.24259/fs.v8i1.31433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.31433","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate plant diversity, traditional utilization, and create a web-based application for sustainable community-based utilization management of the small-scale Nong Sakae Community Forest, Dan Chak sub-district, Non Thai district, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Our results revealed 29 plant species belonging to 21 genera. Notably, the Fabaceae family dominated the forest and comprised seven species, including two recognized as invasive species. Diversity indices revealed a moderate level of species diversity, with Shannon–Weaver (H’) and Simpson's diversity indices at 1.7844 and 0.6076, respectively. Species richness indices involving Margalef and Menhinick were 4.3805 and 1.1869, respectively, whereas evenness was 0.5414. The most ecologically significant species was Vietnamosasa ciliata A. Camus, which exhibited the highest importance value index (IVI) at 63.4321. Furthermore, the community forest served as a sustenance for the local community for food, medicinal herbs, and timber, emphasizing its significance in supporting their livelihoods. However, this forest has faced encroachment, forest fires, and littering. A web-based mapping system has made forest information more available and understandable, enabling informed decision making and effective forest management. This study offers valuable insights into biodiversity and ecosystem functions in the Nong Sakae Community Forest, emphasizing the need for collaboration and effective policy development in conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sari Rahayu, Niken Sakuntaladewi, B. Sumirat, T. S. Widyaningsih, T. Yusnikusumah, N. Muin, A. Bisjoe
Social forestry has become an integral part of Indonesia's efforts to balance economic development, conservation of natural resources, and the well-being of local communities. The Jokowi administration has made significant efforts to promote this initiative, including allocating 12.7 million hectares of state forest areas and recognizing it as an instrument to address tenure issues in forest areas through the Omnibus Law on Job Creation with getting support from various regulations by relevant ministries. However, social forestry support is needed down to the local government/regional levels (provincial, regency, and village levels). This study aims to analyze the local government’s support for implementing social forestry. We employ Social Network Analysis to identify local government entities and their relationships in implementation processes. Additionally, document analysis is used to assess the extent of local government support through their working documents. The study shows that local government support for the implementation is still limited, with its execution primarily concentrated within a few agencies. Social forestry has not yet fully become a strategy for achieving community well-being around forests, enhancing local economies, or protecting forest resources. Furthermore, stakeholders' understanding of social forestry, resource availability, and local government policies to support it remains limited. Improvements in these three aspects are necessary to ensure successful implementation at the regional levels.
{"title":"The Role of Local Governments in Supporting Social Forestry Implementation in Indonesia: A Social Network Analysis and Evidence from Eastern Indonesia","authors":"Sari Rahayu, Niken Sakuntaladewi, B. Sumirat, T. S. Widyaningsih, T. Yusnikusumah, N. Muin, A. Bisjoe","doi":"10.24259/fs.v8i1.28524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.28524","url":null,"abstract":"Social forestry has become an integral part of Indonesia's efforts to balance economic development, conservation of natural resources, and the well-being of local communities. The Jokowi administration has made significant efforts to promote this initiative, including allocating 12.7 million hectares of state forest areas and recognizing it as an instrument to address tenure issues in forest areas through the Omnibus Law on Job Creation with getting support from various regulations by relevant ministries. However, social forestry support is needed down to the local government/regional levels (provincial, regency, and village levels). This study aims to analyze the local government’s support for implementing social forestry. We employ Social Network Analysis to identify local government entities and their relationships in implementation processes. Additionally, document analysis is used to assess the extent of local government support through their working documents. The study shows that local government support for the implementation is still limited, with its execution primarily concentrated within a few agencies. Social forestry has not yet fully become a strategy for achieving community well-being around forests, enhancing local economies, or protecting forest resources. Furthermore, stakeholders' understanding of social forestry, resource availability, and local government policies to support it remains limited. Improvements in these three aspects are necessary to ensure successful implementation at the regional levels.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Titiek Kartika Hendrastiti, R. Setiahadi, Siti Kusujiarti, Dian Pratiwi, Hale Irfan Safrudi
This study analyses dimensions of participatory forest landscape governance of the Essential Ecosystem Area (EEA) of Taman Kili-Kili, Indonesia. The voices of marginalized communities, and especially women, are rarely incorporated into forest landscape governance and conservation policies. The recently established Indonesian EEA policy mandates a participatory approach, with explicit requirements to involve marginalized groups and gendered perspectives. However, on a practical level, policy formulation and application unfold in very different ways. Using a Postcolonial Feminist Participatory Action Research (PFPAR) approach, we center local communities' power relations in our analysis as a specific means for drawing out various intersectional relations to conservation areas. The study found that local communities around EEA Taman Kili-Kili have a clear interest in participating in inclusive mangrove forest management models as they not only have the knowledge and capacity, outcomes significantly affect their lives and livelihoods. Findings suggest that the activism of local communities, specifically in the form of various women's gatherings, is reshaping policy milestones and opening up pathways towards gender and ecological justice.
本研究分析了印度尼西亚 Taman Kili-Kili 基本生态系统区（EEA）参与式森林景观治理的各个层面。边缘化社区，尤其是妇女的声音很少被纳入森林景观治理和保护政策中。最近制定的印度尼西亚 EEA 政策授权采用参与式方法，明确要求让边缘化群体和性别观点参与其中。然而，在实际操作中，政策的制定和应用却以截然不同的方式展开。我们采用后殖民主义女权主义参与式行动研究（PFPAR）方法，以当地社区的权力关系为中心进行分析，并将其作为一种具体手段，以找出与保护区之间的各种交叉关系。研究发现，EEA Taman Kili-Kili 附近的当地社区对参与包容性红树林管理模式有着明确的兴趣，因为他们不仅拥有知识和能力，其成果还对他们的生活和生计产生了重大影响。研究结果表明，当地社区的积极行动，特别是以各种妇女集会的形式，正在重塑政策里程碑，并为实现性别和生态公正开辟道路。
{"title":"Essential Ecosystem Area Policies as a Means to Promote Participatory and Inclusive Conservation in Forest Landscape Governance: Centering Perspectives of Marginalized Women in Taman Kili-Kili, Indonesia","authors":"Titiek Kartika Hendrastiti, R. Setiahadi, Siti Kusujiarti, Dian Pratiwi, Hale Irfan Safrudi","doi":"10.24259/fs.v8i1.28312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.28312","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses dimensions of participatory forest landscape governance of the Essential Ecosystem Area (EEA) of Taman Kili-Kili, Indonesia. The voices of marginalized communities, and especially women, are rarely incorporated into forest landscape governance and conservation policies. The recently established Indonesian EEA policy mandates a participatory approach, with explicit requirements to involve marginalized groups and gendered perspectives. However, on a practical level, policy formulation and application unfold in very different ways. Using a Postcolonial Feminist Participatory Action Research (PFPAR) approach, we center local communities' power relations in our analysis as a specific means for drawing out various intersectional relations to conservation areas. The study found that local communities around EEA Taman Kili-Kili have a clear interest in participating in inclusive mangrove forest management models as they not only have the knowledge and capacity, outcomes significantly affect their lives and livelihoods. Findings suggest that the activism of local communities, specifically in the form of various women's gatherings, is reshaping policy milestones and opening up pathways towards gender and ecological justice.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Oni Veriasa, Margaretha Nurrunisa, Nurchalis Fadhli
Indonesia is the largest global producer of palm oil, and smallholder plantations control 40.5% of the national palm oil area. As an essential part of the global supply chain, including palm oil smallholders in RSPO certification schemes is critical for the global market and for achieving environmental sustainability outcomes. This study was conducted in Riau Province, a major palm oil producing region. First, the study investigated RSPO certification implications through a case study in two oil palm smallholder groups in Pelalawan District and Kuantan Singingi District. Second, we analyze the driving factors of palm oil smallholder productivity at the landscape scale by developing an estimation model (panel data regression) using a data set from years 2012-2021 in 11 districts/cities. The findings across the two smallholder groups show that applying RSPO's principles, criteria, and standards gave group members collective direct social-economic and environmental benefits. Applying RSPO standards contributes to gradually increasing smallholder plantations' Fresh Fruit Bunch productivity by 15-20%. Nevertheless, our model shows implications of RSPO Smallholder certification do not significantly contribute to smallholder productivity improvement at the landscape scale. In contrast, increasing oil palm areas does not guarantee increased smallholder productivity in Riau. Smallholder oil palm area expansion also has the potential for higher deforestation if there is no central and local government control and improvement support from related parties. For this purpose, RSPO smallholder certification should be encouraged to pursue broader positive impacts on social, economic, and environmental dimensions at the landscape level.
{"title":"Revisiting the Implications of RSPO Smallholder Certification Relative to Farm Productivity in Riau, Indonesia","authors":"Thomas Oni Veriasa, Margaretha Nurrunisa, Nurchalis Fadhli","doi":"10.24259/fs.v8i1.26964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.26964","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is the largest global producer of palm oil, and smallholder plantations control 40.5% of the national palm oil area. As an essential part of the global supply chain, including palm oil smallholders in RSPO certification schemes is critical for the global market and for achieving environmental sustainability outcomes. This study was conducted in Riau Province, a major palm oil producing region. First, the study investigated RSPO certification implications through a case study in two oil palm smallholder groups in Pelalawan District and Kuantan Singingi District. Second, we analyze the driving factors of palm oil smallholder productivity at the landscape scale by developing an estimation model (panel data regression) using a data set from years 2012-2021 in 11 districts/cities. The findings across the two smallholder groups show that applying RSPO's principles, criteria, and standards gave group members collective direct social-economic and environmental benefits. Applying RSPO standards contributes to gradually increasing smallholder plantations' Fresh Fruit Bunch productivity by 15-20%. Nevertheless, our model shows implications of RSPO Smallholder certification do not significantly contribute to smallholder productivity improvement at the landscape scale. In contrast, increasing oil palm areas does not guarantee increased smallholder productivity in Riau. Smallholder oil palm area expansion also has the potential for higher deforestation if there is no central and local government control and improvement support from related parties. For this purpose, RSPO smallholder certification should be encouraged to pursue broader positive impacts on social, economic, and environmental dimensions at the landscape level.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140680828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainable forest management can play a vital role in building resilient economies and communities that can withstand pandemics, climate change, and other global challenges. Through a comprehensive analysis of local communities surrounding protected areas, we examine the extent of forest reliance for livelihoods and identify key drivers behind changes in forest-resource use during the pre-pandemic in 2019 and post-pandemic in 2022. The study's findings reveal a noteworthy increase in the proportion of land utilized for livelihood activities, especially for production forests, in study sites between 2019 and 2022. Local communities still heavily rely on forest resources for their livelihoods, with a significant increase in household income derived from forest-based activities between 2019 and 2022, approximately 112.1%, 28.7%, and 1.68% for Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos, respectively. Additionally, the study highlights an upsurge in forest dependence during the pandemic period, emphasizing the importance of forests in safeguarding the economies of forest-dependent communities. Findings also shed light on the determinants of forest dependence changes amid the pandemic, including income from forests, poverty status, minority group status, and receipt of COVID-19 relief. These results provide valuable insights into the relationship between forest resources and rural livelihoods for promoting sustainable forest management and safeguarding the well-being of local communities in the face of future challenges.
{"title":"Understanding the Safeguarding Role of Forest Resources and Its Determinants During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia","authors":"N. D. Kien, N. C. Dinh, Le Thanh An","doi":"10.24259/fs.v8i1.31181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.31181","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable forest management can play a vital role in building resilient economies and communities that can withstand pandemics, climate change, and other global challenges. Through a comprehensive analysis of local communities surrounding protected areas, we examine the extent of forest reliance for livelihoods and identify key drivers behind changes in forest-resource use during the pre-pandemic in 2019 and post-pandemic in 2022. The study's findings reveal a noteworthy increase in the proportion of land utilized for livelihood activities, especially for production forests, in study sites between 2019 and 2022. Local communities still heavily rely on forest resources for their livelihoods, with a significant increase in household income derived from forest-based activities between 2019 and 2022, approximately 112.1%, 28.7%, and 1.68% for Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos, respectively. Additionally, the study highlights an upsurge in forest dependence during the pandemic period, emphasizing the importance of forests in safeguarding the economies of forest-dependent communities. Findings also shed light on the determinants of forest dependence changes amid the pandemic, including income from forests, poverty status, minority group status, and receipt of COVID-19 relief. These results provide valuable insights into the relationship between forest resources and rural livelihoods for promoting sustainable forest management and safeguarding the well-being of local communities in the face of future challenges.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Landicho, Kenneth A. Laruan, Maryanne G. Abadillos, Romnick S. Pascua
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the social and economic activities of humanity across the globe. It has created immediate negative impacts on the livelihoods and agricultural production activities of smallholder farmers. A study was conducted in 2022-2023 to assess the impacts of the pandemic on smallholder farmers engaged in vegetable-based agroforestry systems in the Philippines. Using mixed methods of data gathering such as focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and a survey of 383 smallholder agroforestry farmers, results revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in travel restrictions and lockdowns, which has caused the immobility of farmers, farm labor, farm inputs and produce. Most (80%) of the production activities of the vegetable-based agroforestry system of the smallholder farmers were affected by the pandemic because of the lack of access to farm inputs, including labor. Poor marketing of agroforestry produces and the low market prices of the produce have decreased farm income of almost all (92%) of the respondent-smallholder farmers. About 92% of farmers were not able to attend any training courses related to agroforestry during the height of the pandemic. The social capital, particularly the bonding social capital within family members and neighborhoods, was enhanced during the pandemic. This led to the exchange of planting materials, and sharing of farm inputs with fellow farmers in the four study sites. Likewise, the natural capital was enhanced since the farms, soil and the surrounding natural resources such as rivers and springs were left untouched during the pandemic. Increased production for home consumption, reduced production for markets, engaging in additional sources of income, use of organic inputs, shift to online selling, and availing loans from formal and informal credit service providers were among the coping strategies employed by the smallholder farmers. Results imply the need to future-proof smallholder agroforestry systems by developing farmers’ capacity to produce their own natural and organic fertilizers and organic pesticides; appropriate and more sustainable seed collection and storage; and expand partnerships with external organizations.
{"title":"Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Livelihood Assets of Smallholder Agroforestry Farmers in Selected Upland Farming Communities in the Philippines","authors":"L. Landicho, Kenneth A. Laruan, Maryanne G. Abadillos, Romnick S. Pascua","doi":"10.24259/fs.v8i1.28095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.28095","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the social and economic activities of humanity across the globe. It has created immediate negative impacts on the livelihoods and agricultural production activities of smallholder farmers. A study was conducted in 2022-2023 to assess the impacts of the pandemic on smallholder farmers engaged in vegetable-based agroforestry systems in the Philippines. Using mixed methods of data gathering such as focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and a survey of 383 smallholder agroforestry farmers, results revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in travel restrictions and lockdowns, which has caused the immobility of farmers, farm labor, farm inputs and produce. Most (80%) of the production activities of the vegetable-based agroforestry system of the smallholder farmers were affected by the pandemic because of the lack of access to farm inputs, including labor. Poor marketing of agroforestry produces and the low market prices of the produce have decreased farm income of almost all (92%) of the respondent-smallholder farmers. About 92% of farmers were not able to attend any training courses related to agroforestry during the height of the pandemic. The social capital, particularly the bonding social capital within family members and neighborhoods, was enhanced during the pandemic. This led to the exchange of planting materials, and sharing of farm inputs with fellow farmers in the four study sites. Likewise, the natural capital was enhanced since the farms, soil and the surrounding natural resources such as rivers and springs were left untouched during the pandemic. Increased production for home consumption, reduced production for markets, engaging in additional sources of income, use of organic inputs, shift to online selling, and availing loans from formal and informal credit service providers were among the coping strategies employed by the smallholder farmers. Results imply the need to future-proof smallholder agroforestry systems by developing farmers’ capacity to produce their own natural and organic fertilizers and organic pesticides; appropriate and more sustainable seed collection and storage; and expand partnerships with external organizations.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140437754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Alie Humaedi, Ibnu Nadzir, S. Himmi, Sri Astutik, Adhis Tessa, Rosita Novi Andari
The Tau Taa Vana people live in the Bulang Highlands, Tojo Una-Una, in Central Sulawesi Province. The region's development has shaped the marginalization of forest-dwelling and forest-adjacent communities. From the 1980s to the 1990s, illegal logging networks served as the power holders, backed by Indonesia’s authoritarian regime of that time. Illegal logging destroyed a large part of the Tau Taa Vana's sacred forest (pengale kapali). As part of the massive logging agenda, the government launched many legal programs that further isolated the Tau Taa Vana people from their land. The first program was transmigration in 1995-1998, which converted sacred forests into plantation areas and worker camps. Meanwhile, the Tau Taa Vana people were forced to relocate from their forest livelihoods (pengale lipu). In 2014, development shifted towards government-supported gold and nickel extraction identified in the Tau Taa Vana people's traditional regions. The government's planned material extraction of the region has forced the Tau Taa Vana people to adapt traditional environmental management systems. In the past, the forest had three main functions, as the source of food, medicine, and livelihoods. Nowadays, those functions are reduced drastically and the sacred forest with the Kaju Marangka'a region as the center has lost its cultural importance. Tau Taa Vana people today use the remaining forests as the center of their resistance movements and consider it as their last bastion for cultural preservation. In this regard, the role of traditional healers (tau valia) has become even more critical amidst the lack of traditional elders.
Tau Taa Vana 人居住在中苏拉威西省 Tojo Una-Una 的 Bulang 高地。该地区的发展造成了林区居民和毗邻森林社区的边缘化。从 20 世纪 80 年代到 90 年代，非法伐木网络在当时印尼独裁政权的支持下成为权力的掌控者。非法伐木摧毁了 Tau Taa Vana 的大片神圣森林（pengale kapali）。作为大规模伐木计划的一部分，政府推出了许多合法计划，进一步将陶塔瓦纳人与他们的土地隔离开来。第一个计划是 1995-1998 年的移民计划，该计划将神圣森林变成了种植区和工人营地。与此同时，Tau Taa Vana 人被迫搬离他们的森林生计（pengale lipu）。2014 年，发展转向政府支持的黄金和镍的开采，并在 Tau Taa Vana 人的传统地区进行了确认。政府计划在该地区进行的材料开采迫使 Tau Taa Vana 人调整传统的环境管理系统。过去，森林有三大功能：食物、药物和生计。如今，这些功能被大幅削弱，以卡茹-马兰卡地区为中心的神圣森林也失去了其文化重要性。如今，Tau Taa Vana 人将残存的森林作为抵抗运动的中心，并将其视为文化保护的最后堡垒。在这方面，由于缺乏传统长老，传统医士（tau valia）的作用变得更加重要。
{"title":"Changing Livelihoods, Development, and Cultural Practices: Reshaping Forests Among the Tau Taa Vana People","authors":"M. Alie Humaedi, Ibnu Nadzir, S. Himmi, Sri Astutik, Adhis Tessa, Rosita Novi Andari","doi":"10.24259/fs.v8i1.26593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.26593","url":null,"abstract":"The Tau Taa Vana people live in the Bulang Highlands, Tojo Una-Una, in Central Sulawesi Province. The region's development has shaped the marginalization of forest-dwelling and forest-adjacent communities. From the 1980s to the 1990s, illegal logging networks served as the power holders, backed by Indonesia’s authoritarian regime of that time. Illegal logging destroyed a large part of the Tau Taa Vana's sacred forest (pengale kapali). As part of the massive logging agenda, the government launched many legal programs that further isolated the Tau Taa Vana people from their land. The first program was transmigration in 1995-1998, which converted sacred forests into plantation areas and worker camps. Meanwhile, the Tau Taa Vana people were forced to relocate from their forest livelihoods (pengale lipu). In 2014, development shifted towards government-supported gold and nickel extraction identified in the Tau Taa Vana people's traditional regions. The government's planned material extraction of the region has forced the Tau Taa Vana people to adapt traditional environmental management systems. In the past, the forest had three main functions, as the source of food, medicine, and livelihoods. Nowadays, those functions are reduced drastically and the sacred forest with the Kaju Marangka'a region as the center has lost its cultural importance. Tau Taa Vana people today use the remaining forests as the center of their resistance movements and consider it as their last bastion for cultural preservation. In this regard, the role of traditional healers (tau valia) has become even more critical amidst the lack of traditional elders.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the question of why and how ‘illegal’ artisanal mining in the oil-rich region of Indonesia remains in place despite official bans by the central government. By taking a qualitative ethnographic study on the practice in Sumur Baru, Dusun Tue, a village in South Sumatra Province, our inquiry takes seriously the formation of resilient labor in daily encounters with state institutions. We employ a governmentality approach and show how quotidian interactions between state and community has legitimized practices of artisanal mining. Sites become relatively governable in conditions of continuous displacement through ongoing negotiations between intermediaries (Toke) with state agencies. This practice is made possible by the use of Sen Minyak or oil money that binds Toke as key representatives of the community with police and state apparatuses as disciplinary representatives of the governmental state. This study thus shows how an extractive regime emerges, shifts, and reshapes in the local political economic contexts of Indonesia’s decentralization era.
{"title":"Governing the (Dis)Order: Toke and the Convergence of Artisanal Oil Mining and State Visibility in Sumur Baru","authors":"V. V. Sununianti, Arie Sujito, Heru Nugroho","doi":"10.24259/fs.v8i1.26313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.26313","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the question of why and how ‘illegal’ artisanal mining in the oil-rich region of Indonesia remains in place despite official bans by the central government. By taking a qualitative ethnographic study on the practice in Sumur Baru, Dusun Tue, a village in South Sumatra Province, our inquiry takes seriously the formation of resilient labor in daily encounters with state institutions. We employ a governmentality approach and show how quotidian interactions between state and community has legitimized practices of artisanal mining. Sites become relatively governable in conditions of continuous displacement through ongoing negotiations between intermediaries (Toke) with state agencies. This practice is made possible by the use of Sen Minyak or oil money that binds Toke as key representatives of the community with police and state apparatuses as disciplinary representatives of the governmental state. This study thus shows how an extractive regime emerges, shifts, and reshapes in the local political economic contexts of Indonesia’s decentralization era.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluated the implementation of a pilot model for promoting community-based conservation through a contracting program in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, located in Son La province, northern Vietnam, from 2014 to 2022. To assess the effectiveness of the program, in-depth interviews were conducted with 26 officials and 100 individuals residing in three villages. The findings revealed that the program successfully facilitated community-based conservation by involving local communities in participatory land use planning and forest protection at the village level. The study identified four main factors that contributed to the successful implementation of the program: (1) clearly defined objectives, (2) the establishment of a stable rule system, (3) garnering support from local people, and (4) promoting associated activities. Given these positive outcomes, this model can be applied and scaled-up throughout Vietnam, particularly in areas where local communities coexist within protected areas.
{"title":"A Pilot Model of Community-based Forest Management in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, Son La Province, Vietnam","authors":"Thuy Thi Phan, D. Nong","doi":"10.24259/fs.v8i1.27487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.27487","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the implementation of a pilot model for promoting community-based conservation through a contracting program in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, located in Son La province, northern Vietnam, from 2014 to 2022. To assess the effectiveness of the program, in-depth interviews were conducted with 26 officials and 100 individuals residing in three villages. The findings revealed that the program successfully facilitated community-based conservation by involving local communities in participatory land use planning and forest protection at the village level. The study identified four main factors that contributed to the successful implementation of the program: (1) clearly defined objectives, (2) the establishment of a stable rule system, (3) garnering support from local people, and (4) promoting associated activities. Given these positive outcomes, this model can be applied and scaled-up throughout Vietnam, particularly in areas where local communities coexist within protected areas.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research explains movements by peasants in Cipari, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia, in demanding their land rights. Compared with similar cases in Indonesia, efforts by Cipari peasants paid off in the end and presented a unique case of success. Cipari peasants obtained ownership rights to the land on their terms. Through an empirical case study approach, we found that the Cipari peasant movement to fight for land rights lasted for a long period of time, beginning in the post-independence era and extending through the post-collapse of Indonesia’s New Order regime. For Cipari peasants, land is not just a means of production or economic resource but also has socio-cultural value and, more importantly, embodies spiritual (religious) values. These social and cultural factors provided the main driver for Cipari peasants to persist in undertaking their resistance movement. Over a long process, Cipari peasants obtained legal title to land in the form of land certificates. We show that the Cipari peasant social and resistance movement emerged and continued to develop not solely because of political opportunities but especially due to its socio-cultural values about land.
{"title":"Moving with the Soul: Cipari Peasant Movements for Land Rights in Indonesia","authors":"Jarot Santoso, Arizal Mutahir, Hendri Restuadhi, Aidatul Chusna","doi":"10.24259/fs.v8i1.26579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.26579","url":null,"abstract":"This research explains movements by peasants in Cipari, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia, in demanding their land rights. Compared with similar cases in Indonesia, efforts by Cipari peasants paid off in the end and presented a unique case of success. Cipari peasants obtained ownership rights to the land on their terms. Through an empirical case study approach, we found that the Cipari peasant movement to fight for land rights lasted for a long period of time, beginning in the post-independence era and extending through the post-collapse of Indonesia’s New Order regime. For Cipari peasants, land is not just a means of production or economic resource but also has socio-cultural value and, more importantly, embodies spiritual (religious) values. These social and cultural factors provided the main driver for Cipari peasants to persist in undertaking their resistance movement. Over a long process, Cipari peasants obtained legal title to land in the form of land certificates. We show that the Cipari peasant social and resistance movement emerged and continued to develop not solely because of political opportunities but especially due to its socio-cultural values about land.","PeriodicalId":43213,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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