Abstract The Geodynamic Laboratory in Książ includes investigations of various kinds of geodynamic signals. Among others, we registered harmonic signals of the range 10−3–10−4 Hz. These signals had been found in the measurement series of the long water-tube (WT) tiltmeters. The discovered signals consist of two classes of harmonics associated with various kinds of phenomena. The first class of these signals belongs to viscoelastic vibrations of the Earth’s solid body, while the second class is produced possibly by the extremely long atmospheric infrasound waves. The signals of the vibrations of the Earth had been well recognized by the characteristic frequencies of the Earth’s free vibrations’ resonance, which occur mainly after strong earthquakes. The atmospheric pressure microvibrations affected the water level in the hydrodynamic systems of the WTs as a result of an inverse barometric effect. We observed that signals from both classes blend in the harmonics of similar frequencies and jointly affect the hydrodynamic systems of the WTs. We found that the amplitude of the second-class signals strongly depends on the location of water-tube gauges inside the underground, while the amplitudes of the first-class signals are similar for all the gauges. These observations clearly indicate the atmospheric origin of the second class of registered signals.
{"title":"Investigation of Signals of the Range 10−3–10−4 Hz Registered by Water-Tube Tiltmeters in the Underground Geodynamic Laboratory in Książ (Sw Poland)","authors":"M. Kaczorowski, D. Kasza, R. Zdunek, R. Wronowski","doi":"10.2478/arsa-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Geodynamic Laboratory in Książ includes investigations of various kinds of geodynamic signals. Among others, we registered harmonic signals of the range 10−3–10−4 Hz. These signals had been found in the measurement series of the long water-tube (WT) tiltmeters. The discovered signals consist of two classes of harmonics associated with various kinds of phenomena. The first class of these signals belongs to viscoelastic vibrations of the Earth’s solid body, while the second class is produced possibly by the extremely long atmospheric infrasound waves. The signals of the vibrations of the Earth had been well recognized by the characteristic frequencies of the Earth’s free vibrations’ resonance, which occur mainly after strong earthquakes. The atmospheric pressure microvibrations affected the water level in the hydrodynamic systems of the WTs as a result of an inverse barometric effect. We observed that signals from both classes blend in the harmonics of similar frequencies and jointly affect the hydrodynamic systems of the WTs. We found that the amplitude of the second-class signals strongly depends on the location of water-tube gauges inside the underground, while the amplitudes of the first-class signals are similar for all the gauges. These observations clearly indicate the atmospheric origin of the second class of registered signals.","PeriodicalId":43216,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Satellites-Journal of Planetary Geodesy","volume":"57 1","pages":"210 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43585730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract On seanonal timescale, the variation of Earth rotation is mainly regulated by angular momentum exchanges between the solid Earth and the fluidal atmosphere, ocean and hydrosphere. In the 2nd EOP PCC, we developed Dill2019’s method for polar motion prediction, using piecewise autoagressive parameters. The maximum prediction errors within 90 days are 36 and 16 mas for polar motion x and y components, respectively. Compared with Bulletin A, the mean absolute error of polar motion y prediction is improved by 20% in all timescale, and with a maximum improvement of 49% on the 5th day. Whereas, for polar motion x, the performance is slightly better (2% - 8%) within 30 days but worse (−7%~ −19%) within 30~90 days. We found that the prediction accuracy is very sensitive to the quality of the angular momentum data. For example, on average, the prediction of polar motion y is around 2 times better than polar motion x. In addition, we found the accuracy of 30-90 days prediction is dramatically decreased in the year 2020. We suspect that such deterioration might be due to the pandemic of coronavirus COVID-19, which suppressed global airline activities by more than 60%, then result in a lose of air-borne meteorological data, which are important for weather forecast.
{"title":"Improved Prediction of Polar Motions by Piecewise Parameterization","authors":"Yuanwei Wu, Xin Zhao, Xinyu Yang","doi":"10.2478/arsa-2022-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2022-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract On seanonal timescale, the variation of Earth rotation is mainly regulated by angular momentum exchanges between the solid Earth and the fluidal atmosphere, ocean and hydrosphere. In the 2nd EOP PCC, we developed Dill2019’s method for polar motion prediction, using piecewise autoagressive parameters. The maximum prediction errors within 90 days are 36 and 16 mas for polar motion x and y components, respectively. Compared with Bulletin A, the mean absolute error of polar motion y prediction is improved by 20% in all timescale, and with a maximum improvement of 49% on the 5th day. Whereas, for polar motion x, the performance is slightly better (2% - 8%) within 30 days but worse (−7%~ −19%) within 30~90 days. We found that the prediction accuracy is very sensitive to the quality of the angular momentum data. For example, on average, the prediction of polar motion y is around 2 times better than polar motion x. In addition, we found the accuracy of 30-90 days prediction is dramatically decreased in the year 2020. We suspect that such deterioration might be due to the pandemic of coronavirus COVID-19, which suppressed global airline activities by more than 60%, then result in a lose of air-borne meteorological data, which are important for weather forecast.","PeriodicalId":43216,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Satellites-Journal of Planetary Geodesy","volume":"57 1","pages":"290 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48623346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Śliwińska, Tomasz Kur, M. Wińska, J. Nastula, H. Dobslaw, Aleksander Partyka
Abstract Precise positioning and navigation on the Earth’s surface and in space require accurate earth orientation parameters (EOP) data and predictions. In the last few decades, EOP prediction has become a subject of increased attention within the international geodetic community, e.g., space agencies, satellite operators, researchers studying Earth rotation dynamics, and users of navigation systems. Due to this fact, many research centres from around the world have developed dedicated methods for the forecasting of EOP. An assessment of the various EOP prediction capabilities is currently being pursued in the frame of the Second Earth Orientation Parameters Prediction Comparison Campaign (2nd EOP PCC), which began in September 2021 and will be continued until the end of the year 2022. The new campaign was prepared by the EOP PCC Office run by Centrum Badań Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk (CBK PAN) in Warsaw, Poland, in cooperation with GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) and under the auspices of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). In this paper, we provide an overview of the 2nd EOP PCC five months after its start. We discuss the technical aspects and present statistics about the participants and valid prediction files received so far. Additionally, we present the results of preliminary comparisons of different reference solutions with respect to the official IERS 14 C04 EOP series. Root mean square values for different solutions for polar motion, length of day, and precession-nutation components show discrepancies at the level from 0.04 to 0.36 mas, from 0.01 to 0.10 ms, and from 0.01 to 0.18 mas, respectively.
摘要在地球表面和太空中进行精确定位和导航需要精确的地球定向参数（EOP）数据和预测。在过去的几十年里，EOP预测已成为国际大地测量界越来越关注的主题，例如空间机构、卫星运营商、研究地球自转动力学的研究人员和导航系统用户。由于这一事实，世界各地的许多研究中心都开发了专门的EOP预测方法。目前正在第二次地球定向参数预测比较运动（第二次EOP PCC）的框架内对各种EOP预测能力进行评估，该运动于2021年9月开始，将持续到2022年底。这场新的运动是由波兰华沙的巴丹Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk中心（CBK PAN）运营的EOP PCC办公室与GeoForschungsZentrum（GFZ）合作，在国际地球自转和参考系统服务（IERS）的赞助下准备的。在本文中，我们概述了第二次EOP PCC启动五个月后的情况。我们讨论了技术方面的问题，并提供了迄今为止收到的关于参与者和有效预测文件的统计数据。此外，我们还介绍了不同参考解决方案与官方IERS 14 C04 EOP系列的初步比较结果。极移、日长和进动章动分量的不同解的均方根值分别在0.04至0.36 mas、0.01至0.10 ms和0.01至0.18 mas的水平上显示差异。
{"title":"Second Earth Orientation Parameters Prediction Comparison Campaign (2nd EOP PCC): Overview","authors":"J. Śliwińska, Tomasz Kur, M. Wińska, J. Nastula, H. Dobslaw, Aleksander Partyka","doi":"10.2478/arsa-2022-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2022-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Precise positioning and navigation on the Earth’s surface and in space require accurate earth orientation parameters (EOP) data and predictions. In the last few decades, EOP prediction has become a subject of increased attention within the international geodetic community, e.g., space agencies, satellite operators, researchers studying Earth rotation dynamics, and users of navigation systems. Due to this fact, many research centres from around the world have developed dedicated methods for the forecasting of EOP. An assessment of the various EOP prediction capabilities is currently being pursued in the frame of the Second Earth Orientation Parameters Prediction Comparison Campaign (2nd EOP PCC), which began in September 2021 and will be continued until the end of the year 2022. The new campaign was prepared by the EOP PCC Office run by Centrum Badań Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk (CBK PAN) in Warsaw, Poland, in cooperation with GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) and under the auspices of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). In this paper, we provide an overview of the 2nd EOP PCC five months after its start. We discuss the technical aspects and present statistics about the participants and valid prediction files received so far. Additionally, we present the results of preliminary comparisons of different reference solutions with respect to the official IERS 14 C04 EOP series. Root mean square values for different solutions for polar motion, length of day, and precession-nutation components show discrepancies at the level from 0.04 to 0.36 mas, from 0.01 to 0.10 ms, and from 0.01 to 0.18 mas, respectively.","PeriodicalId":43216,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Satellites-Journal of Planetary Geodesy","volume":"57 1","pages":"237 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44737065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Earth System Modelling Group of GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (ESMGFZ) provides geodetic products for gravity variations, Earth rotation excitations, and Earth surface deformations related to mass redistributions and mass loads in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial water storage. Earth rotation excitation compiled as effective angular momentum (EAM) functions for each Earth subsystem (atmosphere, ocean, continental hydrology) are important for Earth rotation prediction. Especially the 6-day forecasts extending the model analysis runs offer essential information for the improvement of ultra-short-term Earth rotation predictions. In addition to the individual effective angular momentum function of each subsystem, ESMGFZ calculates a combined EAM prediction product. Adjusted to the official Earth orientation parameter (EOP) products IERS 14C04 and Bulletin A, this EAM prediction product allows to extrapolate the polar motion and Length-of-Day parameter time series for 90 days into the future via the Liouville equation. ESMGFZ submits such an EOP prediction to the 2nd EOPPCC campaign.
{"title":"ESMGFZ Products for Earth Rotation Prediction","authors":"R. Dill, H. Dobslaw, Maik Thomas","doi":"10.2478/arsa-2022-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2022-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Earth System Modelling Group of GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (ESMGFZ) provides geodetic products for gravity variations, Earth rotation excitations, and Earth surface deformations related to mass redistributions and mass loads in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial water storage. Earth rotation excitation compiled as effective angular momentum (EAM) functions for each Earth subsystem (atmosphere, ocean, continental hydrology) are important for Earth rotation prediction. Especially the 6-day forecasts extending the model analysis runs offer essential information for the improvement of ultra-short-term Earth rotation predictions. In addition to the individual effective angular momentum function of each subsystem, ESMGFZ calculates a combined EAM prediction product. Adjusted to the official Earth orientation parameter (EOP) products IERS 14C04 and Bulletin A, this EAM prediction product allows to extrapolate the polar motion and Length-of-Day parameter time series for 90 days into the future via the Liouville equation. ESMGFZ submits such an EOP prediction to the 2nd EOPPCC campaign.","PeriodicalId":43216,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Satellites-Journal of Planetary Geodesy","volume":"57 1","pages":"254 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42076649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The demand for smartphone positioning has grown rapidly due to increased positioning accuracy applications, such as land vehicle navigation systems used for vehicle tracking, emergency assistance, and intelligent transportation systems. The integration between navigation systems is necessary to maintain a reliable solution. High-end inertial sensors are not preferred due to their high cost. Smartphone microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are attractive due to their small size and low cost; however, they suffer from long-term drift, which highlights the need for additional aiding solutions using road network that can perform efficiently for longer periods. In this research, the performance of the Xiaomi MI 8 smartphone’s single-frequency precise point positioning was tested in kinematic mode using the between-satellite single-difference (BSSD) technique. A Kalman filter algorithm was used to integrate BSSD and inertial navigation system (INS)-based smartphone MEMS. Map matching technique was proposed to assist navigation systems in global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-denied environments, based on the integration of BSSD–INS and road network models applying hidden Marcov model and Viterbi algorithm. The results showed that BSSD–INS–map performed consistently better than BSSD solution and BSSD–INS integration, irrespective of whether simulated outages were added or not. The root mean square error (RMSE) values for 2D horizontal position accuracy when applying BSSD–INS–map integration improved by 29% and 22%, compared to BSSD and BSSD–INS navigation solutions, respectively, with no simulated outages added. The overall average improvement of proposed BSSD–INS–map integration was 91%, 96%, and 98% in 2D horizontal positioning accuracy, compared to BSSD–INS algorithm for six GNSS simulated signal outages with duration of 10, 20, and 30 s, respectively.
{"title":"Land Vehicle Navigation Using Low-Cost Integrated Smartphone GNSS Mems and Map Matching Technique","authors":"Mostafa Mahmoud, M. Abd Rabbou, Adel El Shazly","doi":"10.2478/arsa-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The demand for smartphone positioning has grown rapidly due to increased positioning accuracy applications, such as land vehicle navigation systems used for vehicle tracking, emergency assistance, and intelligent transportation systems. The integration between navigation systems is necessary to maintain a reliable solution. High-end inertial sensors are not preferred due to their high cost. Smartphone microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are attractive due to their small size and low cost; however, they suffer from long-term drift, which highlights the need for additional aiding solutions using road network that can perform efficiently for longer periods. In this research, the performance of the Xiaomi MI 8 smartphone’s single-frequency precise point positioning was tested in kinematic mode using the between-satellite single-difference (BSSD) technique. A Kalman filter algorithm was used to integrate BSSD and inertial navigation system (INS)-based smartphone MEMS. Map matching technique was proposed to assist navigation systems in global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-denied environments, based on the integration of BSSD–INS and road network models applying hidden Marcov model and Viterbi algorithm. The results showed that BSSD–INS–map performed consistently better than BSSD solution and BSSD–INS integration, irrespective of whether simulated outages were added or not. The root mean square error (RMSE) values for 2D horizontal position accuracy when applying BSSD–INS–map integration improved by 29% and 22%, compared to BSSD and BSSD–INS navigation solutions, respectively, with no simulated outages added. The overall average improvement of proposed BSSD–INS–map integration was 91%, 96%, and 98% in 2D horizontal positioning accuracy, compared to BSSD–INS algorithm for six GNSS simulated signal outages with duration of 10, 20, and 30 s, respectively.","PeriodicalId":43216,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Satellites-Journal of Planetary Geodesy","volume":"57 1","pages":"138 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46768216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The effect of the geodetic rotation (which includes two relativistic effects: geodetic precession and geodetic nutation) is the most significant relativistic effect in the rotation of the celestial bodies. For the first time in this research, this relativistic effect is determined in the rotation of dwarf planets (Ceres, Pluto, and Charon) and asteroids (Pallas, Vesta, Lutetia, Europa, Ida, Eros, Davida, Gaspra, Steins, and Itokawa) in the Solar System with known values of their rotation parameters. Calculations of the values of their geodetic rotation are made by a method for studying any bodies in the Solar System with a long-term ephemeris. Values of geodetic precession and geodetic nutation for all these celestial bodies were calculated in ecliptic Euler angles relative to their proper coordinate systems and in their rotational elements relative to the fixed equator of the Earth and the vernal equinox (at the epoch J2000.0). The obtained analytical values of the geodetic rotation for the celestial bodies can be used to numerically investigate their rotation in the relativistic approximation, and also used to estimate the influence of relativistic effects on the orbital–rotational dynamics for the bodies of exoplanetary systems.
{"title":"Relativistic Effects in the Rotation of Dwarf Planets and Asteroids","authors":"V. Pashkevich, A. Vershkov","doi":"10.2478/arsa-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effect of the geodetic rotation (which includes two relativistic effects: geodetic precession and geodetic nutation) is the most significant relativistic effect in the rotation of the celestial bodies. For the first time in this research, this relativistic effect is determined in the rotation of dwarf planets (Ceres, Pluto, and Charon) and asteroids (Pallas, Vesta, Lutetia, Europa, Ida, Eros, Davida, Gaspra, Steins, and Itokawa) in the Solar System with known values of their rotation parameters. Calculations of the values of their geodetic rotation are made by a method for studying any bodies in the Solar System with a long-term ephemeris. Values of geodetic precession and geodetic nutation for all these celestial bodies were calculated in ecliptic Euler angles relative to their proper coordinate systems and in their rotational elements relative to the fixed equator of the Earth and the vernal equinox (at the epoch J2000.0). The obtained analytical values of the geodetic rotation for the celestial bodies can be used to numerically investigate their rotation in the relativistic approximation, and also used to estimate the influence of relativistic effects on the orbital–rotational dynamics for the bodies of exoplanetary systems.","PeriodicalId":43216,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Satellites-Journal of Planetary Geodesy","volume":"57 1","pages":"158 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43421718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The dilution of precision (DOP) in satellite navigation system provides a simple characterization of the user–satellite geometry and a quantitative assessment of the positioning constellation configuration. The essential idea of physical augmentation factor of precision (PAFP) proposed in this work, is that navigation signals are transmitted at multiple frequencies from each visible satellite in the positioning constellation, while users measure the corresponding multiple pseudoranges of satellites to achieve high precision code positioning. As the multiple pseudoranges of one satellite are measured independently by the corresponding navigation signals at different frequencies, it is reasonable to treat the measurement errors due to the satellite clock and ephemeris, the atmospheric propagation as uncorrelated, random, and identically distributed. The multipath effects and receiver noise are also processed with some empirical models. By measuring user–satellite code pseudoranges at different frequencies, the PAFP offers a scheme that produces the same effect as that of the redundant-overlapping constellation, thus equivalently improving the geometric DOP. It can effectively improve code positioning precision of satellite navigation system.
{"title":"Physical Augmentation Factor of Precision in Gnss","authors":"Lihua Ma, G. Ai, Ting Kong","doi":"10.2478/arsa-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The dilution of precision (DOP) in satellite navigation system provides a simple characterization of the user–satellite geometry and a quantitative assessment of the positioning constellation configuration. The essential idea of physical augmentation factor of precision (PAFP) proposed in this work, is that navigation signals are transmitted at multiple frequencies from each visible satellite in the positioning constellation, while users measure the corresponding multiple pseudoranges of satellites to achieve high precision code positioning. As the multiple pseudoranges of one satellite are measured independently by the corresponding navigation signals at different frequencies, it is reasonable to treat the measurement errors due to the satellite clock and ephemeris, the atmospheric propagation as uncorrelated, random, and identically distributed. The multipath effects and receiver noise are also processed with some empirical models. By measuring user–satellite code pseudoranges at different frequencies, the PAFP offers a scheme that produces the same effect as that of the redundant-overlapping constellation, thus equivalently improving the geometric DOP. It can effectively improve code positioning precision of satellite navigation system.","PeriodicalId":43216,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Satellites-Journal of Planetary Geodesy","volume":"57 1","pages":"185 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43442917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Integrated geophysical mapping benefits from visualizing multi-source datasets including gravity and satellite altimetry data using 2D and 3D techniques. Applying scripting cartographic approach by R language and GMT supported by traditional mapping in QGIS is presented in this paper with a case study of Iranian geomorphology and a special focus on Zagros Fold-and-Thrust Belt, a unique landform of the country affected by complex geodynamic structure. Several modules of GMT and ’tmap’ and ’raster’ packages of R language were shown to illustrate the efficiency of the console-based mapping by scripts. Data sources included high-resolution raster grids of GEBCO/SRTM, EGM-2008, SRTM DEM and vector geologic layers of USGS. The cartographic objective was to visualize thematic maps of Iran: topography, geology, satellite-derived gravity anomalies, geoid undulations and geomorphology. Various cartographic techniques were applied to plot the geophysical and topographic field gradients and categorical variations in geological structures and relief along the Zagros Fold-and-Thrust Belt. The structures of Elburz, Zagros, Kopet Dag and Makran slopes, Dasht-e Kavir, Dasht-e Lut and Great Salt Desert were visualized using 3D-and 2D techniques. The geomorphometric properties (slope, aspect, hillshade, elevations) were modelled by R. The study presented a series of 11 new maps made using a combination of scripting techniques and GIS for comparative geological-geophysical analysis. Listings of R and GMT scripting are provided for repeatability.
摘要综合地球物理制图得益于使用2D和3D技术可视化多源数据集，包括重力和卫星测高数据。本文以伊朗地貌为例，以Zagros褶皱冲断带这一受复杂地球动力学结构影响的独特地貌为研究对象，介绍了在QGIS中应用R语言和GMT支持的脚本制图方法，并辅以传统制图。展示了GMT的几个模块以及R语言的“tmap”和“raster”包，以说明脚本基于控制台的映射的效率。数据来源包括GEBCO/SRTM、EGM-2008、SRTM DEM和USGS矢量地质层的高分辨率栅格。制图目的是将伊朗的专题地图可视化：地形、地质、卫星重力异常、大地水准面起伏和地貌。应用各种制图技术绘制了扎格罗斯褶皱和冲断带沿线的地球物理和地形场梯度以及地质结构和地形的分类变化。Elburz、Zagros、Kopet-Dag和Makran斜坡、Dasht-e-Kavir、Dasht-e Lut和Great Salt Desert的结构使用3D和2D技术进行了可视化。地貌特征（坡度、坡向、山坡、海拔）由R建模。该研究提供了一系列11张新地图，这些地图是使用脚本技术和GIS相结合的方法制作的，用于比较地质地球物理分析。提供了R和GMT脚本的列表以便于重复。
{"title":"A Script-Driven Approach to Mapping Satellite-Derived Topography and Gravity Data Over the Zagros Fold-and-Thrust Belt, Iran","authors":"Polina Lemenkova","doi":"10.2478/arsa-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Integrated geophysical mapping benefits from visualizing multi-source datasets including gravity and satellite altimetry data using 2D and 3D techniques. Applying scripting cartographic approach by R language and GMT supported by traditional mapping in QGIS is presented in this paper with a case study of Iranian geomorphology and a special focus on Zagros Fold-and-Thrust Belt, a unique landform of the country affected by complex geodynamic structure. Several modules of GMT and ’tmap’ and ’raster’ packages of R language were shown to illustrate the efficiency of the console-based mapping by scripts. Data sources included high-resolution raster grids of GEBCO/SRTM, EGM-2008, SRTM DEM and vector geologic layers of USGS. The cartographic objective was to visualize thematic maps of Iran: topography, geology, satellite-derived gravity anomalies, geoid undulations and geomorphology. Various cartographic techniques were applied to plot the geophysical and topographic field gradients and categorical variations in geological structures and relief along the Zagros Fold-and-Thrust Belt. The structures of Elburz, Zagros, Kopet Dag and Makran slopes, Dasht-e Kavir, Dasht-e Lut and Great Salt Desert were visualized using 3D-and 2D techniques. The geomorphometric properties (slope, aspect, hillshade, elevations) were modelled by R. The study presented a series of 11 new maps made using a combination of scripting techniques and GIS for comparative geological-geophysical analysis. Listings of R and GMT scripting are provided for repeatability.","PeriodicalId":43216,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Satellites-Journal of Planetary Geodesy","volume":"57 1","pages":"110 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41447152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The effect of the geodetic precession is the most significant relativistic effect in the rotation of celestial bodies. In this article, the new geodetic precession values for the Sun, the Moon, and the Solar System planets have been improved over the previous version by using more accurate rotational element values. For the first time, the relativistic effect of the geodetic precession for some planetary satellites (J1–J4, S1–S6, S8–S18, U1–U15, N1, and N3–N8) with known quantities of the rotational elements was studied in this research. The calculations of the values of this relativistic effect were carried out by the method for studying any bodies of the Solar System with long-time ephemeris. As a result, the values of the geodetic precession were first determined for the Sun, planets in their rotational elements, and for the planetary satellites in the Euler angles relative to their proper coordinate systems and in their rotational elements. In this study, with respect to the previous version, additional and corrected values of the relativistic influence of Martian satellites (M1 and M2) on Mars were calculated. The largest values of the geodetic rotation of bodies in the Solar System were found in Jovian satellite system. Further, in decreasing order, these values were found in the satellite systems of Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, and Mars, for Mercury, for Venus, for the Moon, for the Earth, for Mars, for Jupiter, for Saturn, for Uranus, for Neptune, and for the Sun. First of all, these are the inner satellites of Jupiter: Metis (J16), Adrastea (J15), Amalthea (J5), and Thebe (J14) and the satellites of Saturn: Pan (S18), Atlas (S15), Prometheus (S16), Pandora (S17), Epimetheus (S11), Janus (S10), and Mimas (S1), whose values of geodetic precession are comparable to the values of their precession. The obtained numerical values for the geodetic precession for the Sun, all the Solar System planets, and their satellites (E1, M1, M2, J1–J5, J14–J16, S1–S6, S8–S18, U1–U15, N1, and N3–N8) can be used to numerically study their rotation in the relativistic approximation and can also be used to estimate the influence of relativistic effects on the orbital–rotational dynamics of bodies of exoplanetary systems.
{"title":"Geodetic Precession of the Sun, Solar System Planets, and their Satellites","authors":"V. Pashkevich, A. Vershkov","doi":"10.2478/arsa-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effect of the geodetic precession is the most significant relativistic effect in the rotation of celestial bodies. In this article, the new geodetic precession values for the Sun, the Moon, and the Solar System planets have been improved over the previous version by using more accurate rotational element values. For the first time, the relativistic effect of the geodetic precession for some planetary satellites (J1–J4, S1–S6, S8–S18, U1–U15, N1, and N3–N8) with known quantities of the rotational elements was studied in this research. The calculations of the values of this relativistic effect were carried out by the method for studying any bodies of the Solar System with long-time ephemeris. As a result, the values of the geodetic precession were first determined for the Sun, planets in their rotational elements, and for the planetary satellites in the Euler angles relative to their proper coordinate systems and in their rotational elements. In this study, with respect to the previous version, additional and corrected values of the relativistic influence of Martian satellites (M1 and M2) on Mars were calculated. The largest values of the geodetic rotation of bodies in the Solar System were found in Jovian satellite system. Further, in decreasing order, these values were found in the satellite systems of Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, and Mars, for Mercury, for Venus, for the Moon, for the Earth, for Mars, for Jupiter, for Saturn, for Uranus, for Neptune, and for the Sun. First of all, these are the inner satellites of Jupiter: Metis (J16), Adrastea (J15), Amalthea (J5), and Thebe (J14) and the satellites of Saturn: Pan (S18), Atlas (S15), Prometheus (S16), Pandora (S17), Epimetheus (S11), Janus (S10), and Mimas (S1), whose values of geodetic precession are comparable to the values of their precession. The obtained numerical values for the geodetic precession for the Sun, all the Solar System planets, and their satellites (E1, M1, M2, J1–J5, J14–J16, S1–S6, S8–S18, U1–U15, N1, and N3–N8) can be used to numerically study their rotation in the relativistic approximation and can also be used to estimate the influence of relativistic effects on the orbital–rotational dynamics of bodies of exoplanetary systems.","PeriodicalId":43216,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Satellites-Journal of Planetary Geodesy","volume":"57 1","pages":"77 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48911359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Precise point positioning (PPP) is a GNSS positioning technique that saves cost and has an acceptable accuracy for enormous applications. PPP proved its efficiency through two decades comparing with traditional differential positioning technique. PPP uses one receiver collecting observations at an unknown station without the need for a reference station with known coordinates. PPP-collected observations must undergo extensive mitigation of different GNSS errors. Static-PPP accuracy depends mainly on the observations type (dual or single frequency), used systems (GPS or GLONASS or mixed GPS/GLONASS), satellites geometry, and observations duration. Static-PPP using dual-frequency observations gives optimum accuracy with a high cost. Static-PPP using single-frequency observations gives acceptable accuracy with a low cost. Since the end of 2012, PPP users are able to depend on GLONASS system as an alternative. This research investigates singe-frequency/static-PPP accuracy variation on KSA based on different factors: the system used (GPS or GLONASS or GPS/GLONASS), satellites geometry, observations duration, and ionosphere activity state. Observations from 2 days reflecting different ionospheric activity states were used for this research from three CORS stations (KSA-CORS network) operated by KSA-General Authority for Survey and Geospatial Information (KSA-GASGI). It can be concluded that precision (0.05 m lat., 0.12 m long., and 0.13 m height) under quiet ionosphere and precision (0.09 m lat., 0.20 m long., and 0.23 m height) under active ionosphere could be attained using 24 h mixed GPS/GLONASS single-frequency observations. Static-PPP using 24 h mixed GPS/GLONASS single-frequency observations’ accuracies are 0.01 m lat., 0.01 m long., and 0.03 m height (quiet ionosphere) and 0.01 m lat., 0.06 m long., and 0.06 m height (active ionosphere) compared to true station coordinates.
摘要精确点定位（PPP）是一种节省成本并具有可接受精度的GNSS定位技术，可用于大量应用。与传统的差分定位技术相比，PPP在20年的时间里证明了它的有效性。PPP使用一个接收器在未知站收集观测结果，而不需要具有已知坐标的参考站。PPP收集的观测结果必须对不同的GNSS误差进行广泛的缓解。静态PPP精度主要取决于观测类型（双频或单频）、使用的系统（GPS或GLONASS或混合GPS/GLONASS）、卫星几何形状和观测持续时间。使用双频观测的静态PPP以高成本提供最佳精度。使用单频率观测的静态PPP以低成本提供了可接受的精度。自2012年底以来，PPP用户可以依赖GLONASS系统作为替代方案。本研究调查了KSA上基于不同因素的单频/静态PPP精度变化：使用的系统（GPS或GLONASS或GPS/GLONASS）、卫星几何形状、观测持续时间和电离层活动状态。本研究使用了KSA调查和地理空间信息总局（KSA-GASGI）运营的三个CORS站（KSA-CORS网络）的2天观测结果，反映了不同的电离层活动状态。可以得出结论，使用24小时混合GPS/GLONASS单频观测，可以获得安静电离层下的精度（0.05 m lat.，0.12 m long.，0.13 m height）和活跃电离层下的精确度（0.09 m lat.、0.20 m long.和0.23 m height.）。使用24小时混合GPS/GLONASS单频观测的静态PPP的精度为0.01 m lat.、0.01 m long.、。，高度为0.03米（安静电离层），长度为0.06米。，与真实的台站坐标相比，0.06米高（活跃电离层）。
{"title":"Efficient Cost-Effective Static-PPP Using Mixed GPS/Glonass Single-Frequency Observations (KSA)","authors":"A. Farah","doi":"10.2478/arsa-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Precise point positioning (PPP) is a GNSS positioning technique that saves cost and has an acceptable accuracy for enormous applications. PPP proved its efficiency through two decades comparing with traditional differential positioning technique. PPP uses one receiver collecting observations at an unknown station without the need for a reference station with known coordinates. PPP-collected observations must undergo extensive mitigation of different GNSS errors. Static-PPP accuracy depends mainly on the observations type (dual or single frequency), used systems (GPS or GLONASS or mixed GPS/GLONASS), satellites geometry, and observations duration. Static-PPP using dual-frequency observations gives optimum accuracy with a high cost. Static-PPP using single-frequency observations gives acceptable accuracy with a low cost. Since the end of 2012, PPP users are able to depend on GLONASS system as an alternative. This research investigates singe-frequency/static-PPP accuracy variation on KSA based on different factors: the system used (GPS or GLONASS or GPS/GLONASS), satellites geometry, observations duration, and ionosphere activity state. Observations from 2 days reflecting different ionospheric activity states were used for this research from three CORS stations (KSA-CORS network) operated by KSA-General Authority for Survey and Geospatial Information (KSA-GASGI). It can be concluded that precision (0.05 m lat., 0.12 m long., and 0.13 m height) under quiet ionosphere and precision (0.09 m lat., 0.20 m long., and 0.23 m height) under active ionosphere could be attained using 24 h mixed GPS/GLONASS single-frequency observations. Static-PPP using 24 h mixed GPS/GLONASS single-frequency observations’ accuracies are 0.01 m lat., 0.01 m long., and 0.03 m height (quiet ionosphere) and 0.01 m lat., 0.06 m long., and 0.06 m height (active ionosphere) compared to true station coordinates.","PeriodicalId":43216,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Satellites-Journal of Planetary Geodesy","volume":"57 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47162511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：