Keywords: decoloniality, modernity, literary imagination, Almanac of the Dead
关键词:去殖民化，现代性，文学想象，《死者年鉴
{"title":"Imaginar otro mundo con la literatura: la indigenización de la modernidad en «Almanac of the Dead» de Leslie Marmon Silko","authors":"Jing Hu","doi":"10.53368/ep60macclw01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53368/ep60macclw01","url":null,"abstract":"Keywords: decoloniality, modernity, literary imagination, Almanac of the Dead","PeriodicalId":432178,"journal":{"name":"Ecología Política. Cuadernos de debate internacional","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121627748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hegemonic development discourse continues to promote mining as an activity that generates progress despite the considerable evidence to the contrary. The article analyzes Grupo Mexico’s history, the largest mining consortium in the country, as part of the power elite. It shows how it achieved a monopoly of the leading copper deposits in the north of the country thanks to its alliances with the Mexican State. Later on, we present the cartography of the expansion of its operations in the north of the country, including the opening of controversial mining projects in strategic areas for biodiversity conservation such as the Sea of Cortés, the Baja California peninsula and, the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Michoacán. Therefore, it is argued that it is important to consider companies’ environmental and social records when evaluating mining concessions’ renewal or revocation.
{"title":"Grupo México: Epítome de la deshumanización y la barbarie del extractivismo","authors":"Sol Pérez Jiménez","doi":"10.53368/ep60macep02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53368/ep60macep02","url":null,"abstract":"The hegemonic development discourse continues to promote mining as an activity that generates progress despite the considerable evidence to the contrary. The article analyzes Grupo Mexico’s history, the largest mining consortium in the country, as part of the power elite. It shows how it achieved a monopoly of the leading copper deposits in the north of the country thanks to its alliances with the Mexican State. Later on, we present the cartography of the expansion of its operations in the north of the country, including the opening of controversial mining projects in strategic areas for biodiversity conservation such as the Sea of Cortés, the Baja California peninsula and, the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Michoacán. Therefore, it is argued that it is important to consider companies’ environmental and social records when evaluating mining concessions’ renewal or revocation.","PeriodicalId":432178,"journal":{"name":"Ecología Política. Cuadernos de debate internacional","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124656820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In political ecology there is need for more empirical work on the large world resistance movement born from the environmentalism of the poor and the indigenous. The environmental conflicts collected in the Environmental Justice Atlas (www.ejatlas.org), 3,300 in October 2020 include about 130 from Mexico and 120 from Central America and the Caribbean, each one with a data sheet of 5 to 6 pages. This article puts Mexico aside because it is well covered in this issue of Ecología Política. I focus on Central America and the Caribbean briefly analyzing about twenty conflicts. Many of them are failures in environmental justice but some are encouragingly successful: for instance, Pacific Rim in El Salvador; Cerro Blanco in Guatemala and El Salvador; Crucitas in Costa Rica, and the Canal of Nicaragua that seemingly has been stopped. Also cases against Cemex in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, the maroon people of Cockpit Country in Jamaica against bauxite mining, and Vieques in Puerto Rio against militarization. In the Conclusion I list some characteristics of the political ecology of the region.
{"title":"Conflictos ambientales en Centroamérica y las Antillas: un rápido toxic tour","authors":"J. Martínez-Alier","doi":"10.53368/ep60macep04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53368/ep60macep04","url":null,"abstract":"In political ecology there is need for more empirical work on the large world resistance movement born from the environmentalism of the poor and the indigenous. The environmental conflicts collected in the Environmental Justice Atlas (www.ejatlas.org), 3,300 in October 2020 include about 130 from Mexico and 120 from Central America and the Caribbean, each one with a data sheet of 5 to 6 pages. This article puts Mexico aside because it is well covered in this issue of Ecología Política. I focus on Central America and the Caribbean briefly analyzing about twenty conflicts. Many of them are failures in environmental justice but some are encouragingly successful: for instance, Pacific Rim in El Salvador; Cerro Blanco in Guatemala and El Salvador; Crucitas in Costa Rica, and the Canal of Nicaragua that seemingly has been stopped. Also cases against Cemex in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, the maroon people of Cockpit Country in Jamaica against bauxite mining, and Vieques in Puerto Rio against militarization. In the Conclusion I list some characteristics of the political ecology of the region.","PeriodicalId":432178,"journal":{"name":"Ecología Política. Cuadernos de debate internacional","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124875508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The zapatista movement is known for the construction of an autonomous existence that crosses the different spheres of their lives. In this article, based on fieldwork carried out in Los Altos de Chiapas, we propose to focus on the conceptions of political ecology and land in the own zapatista’s terms. When the relationship between the emergence of epidemics and deforestationis made explicit, the decolonial zapatista thinking becomes even more important. According to this perespective, humanity is not an entity isolated from the environment, but the k’usil balumil (earth) is a great network of relationships formed by human and non-human beings. For the planet to be healthy, it is necessary to respect the yajval (gods).
萨帕塔运动以建立一种跨越他们生活的不同领域的自主存在而闻名。在本文中，基于在Los Altos de Chiapas进行的田野调查，我们建议以萨帕塔主义者自己的术语来关注政治生态和土地的概念。当流行病的出现与森林砍伐之间的关系变得明确时，非殖民化的萨帕塔思想就变得更加重要。根据这一观点，人类不是一个孤立于环境之外的实体，而是一个由人类和非人类形成的巨大关系网络。为了地球的健康，有必要尊重神。
{"title":"K’usil balumil: ecología política y tierra en la autonomía zapatista","authors":"Ana Paula Massadar Morel","doi":"10.53368/ep60mabr07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53368/ep60mabr07","url":null,"abstract":"The zapatista movement is known for the construction of an autonomous existence that crosses the different spheres of their lives. In this article, based on fieldwork carried out in Los Altos de Chiapas, we propose to focus on the conceptions of political ecology and land in the own zapatista’s terms. When the relationship between the emergence of epidemics and deforestationis made explicit, the decolonial zapatista thinking becomes even more important. According to this perespective, humanity is not an entity isolated from the environment, but the k’usil balumil (earth) is a great network of relationships formed by human and non-human beings. For the planet to be healthy, it is necessary to respect the yajval (gods).","PeriodicalId":432178,"journal":{"name":"Ecología Política. Cuadernos de debate internacional","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132576983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through an interdisciplinary conversation in the context of the project: Food Insecurity in Times of Climate Change: Sharing and Learning from Bottom-up Responses in the Caribbean Region, we expose the voices, history and knowledge of local communities and activists in Barbuda, Belize, Colombia (San Andres and Providencia), Jamaica and Puerto Rico to the food insecurity and ecological crisis in the Caribbean. The composite effect of climate injustice and the COVID-19 pandemic is outlined as anthropogenic crises that thrive on inequality and dependency in the Caribbean. The community experiences of the project countries reveal an emergence of knowledge and diverse ways of producing food and relating to the environment as alternatives to development. It is a criticism of the solutions imposed from above that ignore the knowledge, needs and practices of popular ecologies in the Caribbean.
{"title":"Justicia alimentaria, de la tierra y climática en el Caribe: respuestas sistémicas al COVID-19 como estado de emergencia climática prolongada","authors":"David Eduardo Barreto Sánchez, aura Gutiérrez Escobar, Catalina Toro Pérez, Line Algoed, Pambana Bassett, YaYa Marin Coleman, Tomaso Ferrando, Hugh Johnson, Mariolga Juliá Pacheco, Graybern Livingston Forbes, John Mussington, Patricia Northover, Jessica Paddock","doi":"10.53368/ep60macep03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53368/ep60macep03","url":null,"abstract":"Through an interdisciplinary conversation in the context of the project: Food Insecurity in Times of Climate Change: Sharing and Learning from Bottom-up Responses in the Caribbean Region, we expose the voices, history and knowledge of local communities and activists in Barbuda, Belize, Colombia (San Andres and Providencia), Jamaica and Puerto Rico to the food insecurity and ecological crisis in the Caribbean. The composite effect of climate injustice and the COVID-19 pandemic is outlined as anthropogenic crises that thrive on inequality and dependency in the Caribbean. The community experiences of the project countries reveal an emergence of knowledge and diverse ways of producing food and relating to the environment as alternatives to development. It is a criticism of the solutions imposed from above that ignore the knowledge, needs and practices of popular ecologies in the Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":432178,"journal":{"name":"Ecología Política. Cuadernos de debate internacional","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128954976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In our work, the objective is to reflect on what elements affect the social construction of industrial agriculture as a socio-environmental conflict. The foregoing, given that this type of agriculture has experienced a considerable increase since 2004 and its practices entail serious environmental consequences such as pollution, deforestation and the intensive use of water. We start from the idea that industrial agriculture is a process of slow looting (slow violence) and that this, in addition to other elements, make it difficult to conceive it as an environmental problem and, therefore, as a socio-environmental conflict.
{"title":"Construir la agricultura industrial como conflicto socioambiental","authors":"Jesús Janacua Benites","doi":"10.53368/ep60mabr04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53368/ep60mabr04","url":null,"abstract":"In our work, the objective is to reflect on what elements affect the social construction of industrial agriculture as a socio-environmental conflict. The foregoing, given that this type of agriculture has experienced a considerable increase since 2004 and its practices entail serious environmental consequences such as pollution, deforestation and the intensive use of water. We start from the idea that industrial agriculture is a process of slow looting (slow violence) and that this, in addition to other elements, make it difficult to conceive it as an environmental problem and, therefore, as a socio-environmental conflict.","PeriodicalId":432178,"journal":{"name":"Ecología Política. Cuadernos de debate internacional","volume":"2007 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125572226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. López Gómez, Janeth Leonor Alfaro Andrade, Arlem Islas Barrios, Josué Daniel Alemán Gutiérrez
Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s government in Mexico is self-denominated as a «postneoliberal» and «leftist» regime. However, its core strategic projects clearly belong to the former mainstream of extractivist and neocolonial geopolitics which tend to generate socioenvironmental conflicts and territorial defense by local stakeholders. This paper, as a result of interdisciplinary research carried out by the Intercolegial Research Group on Political Ecology of Mexico City’s Autonomous University, address the Maya Train case, a land-use planning project that promotes predator extractivist capital advance towards relatively isolated territories, even protected by environmental laws. It is also described the Consejo Regional Indígena y Popular de Xpujil’s (CRIPX’s) resistance as a clear demonstration of «ecologism of the poor» and the global environmental justice movement.
安德列·曼努埃尔López奥夫拉多尔政府在墨西哥自称为“后新自由主义”和“左派”政权。然而，其核心战略项目显然属于前主流的采掘主义和新殖民主义地缘政治，往往会产生社会环境冲突和地方利益相关者的领土防御。这篇论文是由墨西哥城自治大学政治生态学跨学院研究小组进行的跨学科研究的结果，讨论了玛雅火车案例，这是一个土地利用规划项目，它促进了掠夺者的开采资本向相对孤立的地区推进，甚至受到环境法的保护。它也被描述为Consejo Regional Indígena y Popular de Xpujil (CRIPX)的抵抗，作为“穷人的生态主义”和全球环境正义运动的明确展示。
{"title":"El Tren Maya: un escenario de conflictividad socioambiental en el posneoliberalismo mexicano","authors":"A. López Gómez, Janeth Leonor Alfaro Andrade, Arlem Islas Barrios, Josué Daniel Alemán Gutiérrez","doi":"10.53368/ep60mabr08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53368/ep60mabr08","url":null,"abstract":"Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s government in Mexico is self-denominated as a «postneoliberal» and «leftist» regime. However, its core strategic projects clearly belong to the former mainstream of extractivist and neocolonial geopolitics which tend to generate socioenvironmental conflicts and territorial defense by local stakeholders. This paper, as a result of interdisciplinary research carried out by the Intercolegial Research Group on Political Ecology of Mexico City’s Autonomous University, address the Maya Train case, a land-use planning project that promotes predator extractivist capital advance towards relatively isolated territories, even protected by environmental laws. It is also described the Consejo Regional Indígena y Popular de Xpujil’s (CRIPX’s) resistance as a clear demonstration of «ecologism of the poor» and the global environmental justice movement.","PeriodicalId":432178,"journal":{"name":"Ecología Política. Cuadernos de debate internacional","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126515543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ernesto Cardenal, Latin American theologian and one of the main references of Liberation Theology, offers us a poetic work that aims to reconstruct a Latin American identity inspired by the worldviews of the original peoples of the region, while questioning the current neocolonial models supported in neo-extractivism. In the poetry of Ernesto Cardenal the identity of an «ecological subject» can be traced, whose being, feeling and doing are in harmony with non-anthropocentric worldviews. This study is carried out from an ecocritical point of view, which studies the relationships between humans and nature present in the literature and, in a particular way, the tensions between native peoples who vindicate the rights of nature and the neo-extractivist advance typical of the neoliberal policies in Latin America. For this, we include some poems dedicated to the original peoples of Mesoamerica in a decolonial key.
{"title":"Ecología decolonial en la poesía de Ernesto Cardenal","authors":"Iñaki Ceberio de León, Clara Olmedo","doi":"10.53368/ep60mabr02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53368/ep60mabr02","url":null,"abstract":"Ernesto Cardenal, Latin American theologian and one of the main references of Liberation Theology, offers us a poetic work that aims to reconstruct a Latin American identity inspired by the worldviews of the original peoples of the region, while questioning the current neocolonial models supported in neo-extractivism. In the poetry of Ernesto Cardenal the identity of an «ecological subject» can be traced, whose being, feeling and doing are in harmony with non-anthropocentric worldviews. This study is carried out from an ecocritical point of view, which studies the relationships between humans and nature present in the literature and, in a particular way, the tensions between native peoples who vindicate the rights of nature and the neo-extractivist advance typical of the neoliberal policies in Latin America. For this, we include some poems dedicated to the original peoples of Mesoamerica in a decolonial key.","PeriodicalId":432178,"journal":{"name":"Ecología Política. Cuadernos de debate internacional","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114683692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the face of the imminent threats of despoilment and increase of violence on the bodies-territories-lands of rural, indigenous, and farming women and their community frameworks, six years ago an exchange of dialogue and organizational networks began between different collectives from the border and women from the Tojolabal Meseta of Chiapas (Comitán, Trinitaria and Margaritas) with the goal of building a repertoire of actions to establish dams that could put a break on the (re)patriarchalization of the social space. The objective of the article is to start with the conceptualization of the meaning of embodied territory, an analytic category that elaborates on the organizational loom of diverse women. First, I will outline the context of the border to frame the (re)patrarchalization of the territories that are spread out in this corner of the southeast, which is characterized by the existence of regional economies that constitute unequal geographies of wealth and offset dynamics of violence. Subsequently, I analyze the itineraries, routes, and strategies that organized women of the border deploy to enunciate what they are witnessing as embodied territory.
{"title":"En un rincón de la frontera se teje insurgencia. Territorios encarnados ante la (re)patriarcalización","authors":"Delmy Tania Cruz Hernández","doi":"10.53368/ep60macep01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53368/ep60macep01","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of the imminent threats of despoilment and increase of violence on the bodies-territories-lands of rural, indigenous, and farming women and their community frameworks, six years ago an exchange of dialogue and organizational networks began between different collectives from the border and women from the Tojolabal Meseta of Chiapas (Comitán, Trinitaria and Margaritas) with the goal of building a repertoire of actions to establish dams that could put a break on the (re)patriarchalization of the social space. The objective of the article is to start with the conceptualization of the meaning of embodied territory, an analytic category that elaborates on the organizational loom of diverse women. First, I will outline the context of the border to frame the (re)patrarchalization of the territories that are spread out in this corner of the southeast, which is characterized by the existence of regional economies that constitute unequal geographies of wealth and offset dynamics of violence. Subsequently, I analyze the itineraries, routes, and strategies that organized women of the border deploy to enunciate what they are witnessing as embodied territory.","PeriodicalId":432178,"journal":{"name":"Ecología Política. Cuadernos de debate internacional","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128949902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The resistance of some indigenous communities to the global capital extractivist logic has resulted in the development of strategies beyond the economic sphere, beyond market and capital gain; in that sense, it bursts into the territories for the conquest of goods, bodies and rights through biocultural dispossession. In this logic of extra-economic domain, the worldview of the indigenous people who have coevolved with its habitat and the protection of their territories has managed to face the prevailing capitalist system. Our objective is to present an analysis of the community resistance process carried out by the Huave or ikoots community, on the Tehuantepec Isthmus in Oaxaca, Mexico. Through various community strategies, the ikoots have managed to cope with the advancement of mega projects that seek to exploit the potential of the region, due to its geographical potentialities.
{"title":"Guardianes del mar y del viento. El conflicto socioambiental del pueblo ikoot en el istmo de Tehuantepec","authors":"Domingo Rafael Castañeda Olvera","doi":"10.53368/ep60mabr03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53368/ep60mabr03","url":null,"abstract":"The resistance of some indigenous communities to the global capital extractivist logic has resulted in the development of strategies beyond the economic sphere, beyond market and capital gain; in that sense, it bursts into the territories for the conquest of goods, bodies and rights through biocultural dispossession. In this logic of extra-economic domain, the worldview of the indigenous people who have coevolved with its habitat and the protection of their territories has managed to face the prevailing capitalist system. Our objective is to present an analysis of the community resistance process carried out by the Huave or ikoots community, on the Tehuantepec Isthmus in Oaxaca, Mexico. Through various community strategies, the ikoots have managed to cope with the advancement of mega projects that seek to exploit the potential of the region, due to its geographical potentialities.","PeriodicalId":432178,"journal":{"name":"Ecología Política. Cuadernos de debate internacional","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115209932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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