Tiebout's model operationalizes assumptions about decentralized behavior of a population of autonomous individuals who seek greater utility through choices between jurisdictions with different political institutions designed to aggregate preferences. Based on an agent-based model inspired by Tiebout's model, we discuss the validity of these assumptions for the case of empirical situations present in capitalist societies.
{"title":"An Agent-Based Model Suitable for Discussion of Institutions, Welfare and Capitalism","authors":"L. Mattar, B. Reis","doi":"10.1109/BWSS.2012.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWSS.2012.25","url":null,"abstract":"Tiebout's model operationalizes assumptions about decentralized behavior of a population of autonomous individuals who seek greater utility through choices between jurisdictions with different political institutions designed to aggregate preferences. Based on an agent-based model inspired by Tiebout's model, we discuss the validity of these assumptions for the case of empirical situations present in capitalist societies.","PeriodicalId":432252,"journal":{"name":"2012 Third Brazilian Workshop on Social Simulation","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117324947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper intends to make some inferences about the relation of competiveness and social inclusion, and interpret in an operational manner the success of South Region soybean familiar growers ascribed to the National Programme for Biofuels Production and Use. It inquires the hypothesis of sharp institutional arrangements acting as an interface in the social system through whose structure the interrelation between competitiveness and social inclusion might take place. The methodology include collected data, statistical treatment of series and modelling the system. The theoretical framework stemmed from Ulrich Beck's Risk Society, Garret Hardin's Tragedy of the Commons and Eli nor Ostrom's Governing the Commons to Cesar's three-dimension analyses of governance towards competitiveness. The assessments confirmed that Insitutional Settlements are suitable to preclude Risks, but it needs finer operationalization. The model helped to enlight that the most sensitive variable is profitability and if there are severe perturbations, then the negative feedbacks will trigger social vulnerability.
{"title":"Competitiveness and Social Inclusion within National Programme for Production and Use of Biofuels: Negative Feedbacks on Profitability Awareness in Sharp Institutional Settlements in Brazil South Region Concerning Soybean Oil","authors":"A. L. M. S. Zopelari, A. da Silva César","doi":"10.1109/BWSS.2012.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWSS.2012.30","url":null,"abstract":"This paper intends to make some inferences about the relation of competiveness and social inclusion, and interpret in an operational manner the success of South Region soybean familiar growers ascribed to the National Programme for Biofuels Production and Use. It inquires the hypothesis of sharp institutional arrangements acting as an interface in the social system through whose structure the interrelation between competitiveness and social inclusion might take place. The methodology include collected data, statistical treatment of series and modelling the system. The theoretical framework stemmed from Ulrich Beck's Risk Society, Garret Hardin's Tragedy of the Commons and Eli nor Ostrom's Governing the Commons to Cesar's three-dimension analyses of governance towards competitiveness. The assessments confirmed that Insitutional Settlements are suitable to preclude Risks, but it needs finer operationalization. The model helped to enlight that the most sensitive variable is profitability and if there are severe perturbations, then the negative feedbacks will trigger social vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":432252,"journal":{"name":"2012 Third Brazilian Workshop on Social Simulation","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130499437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traffic is a social system composed by different interacting entities and its optimization is not a trivial task. When drivers and infrastructure co-adapt to deal with the varying demand and infrastructure changes, respectively, centralized traffic optimization approaches face many difficulties. This work presents a multiagent based approach that uses variable road pricing to improve traffic efficiency. While infrastructure updates roads prices to cope with the varying demand, drivers try to adapt themselves to the road network changes in order to minimize their costs. Drivers have different preferences, caring either about their travel time (being hasty) or credit expenditure (being economic). Results show that the proposed road pricing approach benefits the hasty drivers, while more sophisticated pricing update policies need to be developed in order to create better alternatives for economic drivers.
{"title":"A Multiagent Based Road Pricing Approach for Urban Traffic Management","authors":"A. Tavares, A. Bazzan","doi":"10.1109/BWSS.2012.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWSS.2012.22","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic is a social system composed by different interacting entities and its optimization is not a trivial task. When drivers and infrastructure co-adapt to deal with the varying demand and infrastructure changes, respectively, centralized traffic optimization approaches face many difficulties. This work presents a multiagent based approach that uses variable road pricing to improve traffic efficiency. While infrastructure updates roads prices to cope with the varying demand, drivers try to adapt themselves to the road network changes in order to minimize their costs. Drivers have different preferences, caring either about their travel time (being hasty) or credit expenditure (being economic). Results show that the proposed road pricing approach benefits the hasty drivers, while more sophisticated pricing update policies need to be developed in order to create better alternatives for economic drivers.","PeriodicalId":432252,"journal":{"name":"2012 Third Brazilian Workshop on Social Simulation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129633919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces a general notion of elementary systemic functions and shows how elementary systemic functions can be instantiated as elementary social functions in agent societies, thus allowing for a functional view of agent interactions. The paper shows a way to interrelate elementary social functions and social dependence relations, for social dependence relations determined by maintenance goals. Also, the paper introduces the notions of elementary functional cycles and elementary functional networks, with functional cycles constituting the operational bases of functional networks, and shows how such structures interrelate to social dependence networks. An example social system is analysed from this elementary functional point of view. Starting from its social dependence network, an elementary functional network is determined for such system. The distinction between elementary social functions and maintenance goals is emphasized in the analysis of the example.
{"title":"Elementary Social Functions: Concept and Interrelation to Social Dependence Relations","authors":"A. C. da Rocha Costa, G. Dimuro","doi":"10.1109/BWSS.2012.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWSS.2012.21","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a general notion of elementary systemic functions and shows how elementary systemic functions can be instantiated as elementary social functions in agent societies, thus allowing for a functional view of agent interactions. The paper shows a way to interrelate elementary social functions and social dependence relations, for social dependence relations determined by maintenance goals. Also, the paper introduces the notions of elementary functional cycles and elementary functional networks, with functional cycles constituting the operational bases of functional networks, and shows how such structures interrelate to social dependence networks. An example social system is analysed from this elementary functional point of view. Starting from its social dependence network, an elementary functional network is determined for such system. The distinction between elementary social functions and maintenance goals is emphasized in the analysis of the example.","PeriodicalId":432252,"journal":{"name":"2012 Third Brazilian Workshop on Social Simulation","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126800972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. F. K. Macedo, G. Dimuro, M. Aguiar, A. Costa, V. Mattos, H. Coelho
This paper presents a multiagent-based approach of an evolutionary and spatial version of the Ultimatum Game interpreted as Game of Social Exchange Processes, where the agents organized in a complex network evolve their exchange strategies considering their possibly different social preferences. We analyze the possibility of the emergence of the equilibrium/fairness behavior when the agents, trying to maximize their social preference-based utility functions, increase the number of successful interactions. We consider an incomplete information game, since the agents do not have information about the other agents' exchange strategies. For the strategy learning process, a genetic algorithm is used, where the agents aiming at the self-regulation of the exchanges allowed by the game, balance individual and collective goals expressed by their social preferences. We also analyze a second type of scenario, considering an influence politics, when the average of the offer and reserve values of all agents adopting the same social preference form becomes public in a single simulation step, and the agents of the same network, have been influenced by that, imitate those values. At the same time, the network topology is modified, representing some kind of mobility, in order to analyze if the results are dependent on the neighborhood. The model was implemented in Net Logo.
{"title":"Analyzing the Evolution of Social Exchange Strategies in Social Preference-Based MAS through an Evolutionary Spatial Approach of the Ultimatum Game","authors":"L. F. K. Macedo, G. Dimuro, M. Aguiar, A. Costa, V. Mattos, H. Coelho","doi":"10.1109/BWSS.2012.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWSS.2012.26","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a multiagent-based approach of an evolutionary and spatial version of the Ultimatum Game interpreted as Game of Social Exchange Processes, where the agents organized in a complex network evolve their exchange strategies considering their possibly different social preferences. We analyze the possibility of the emergence of the equilibrium/fairness behavior when the agents, trying to maximize their social preference-based utility functions, increase the number of successful interactions. We consider an incomplete information game, since the agents do not have information about the other agents' exchange strategies. For the strategy learning process, a genetic algorithm is used, where the agents aiming at the self-regulation of the exchanges allowed by the game, balance individual and collective goals expressed by their social preferences. We also analyze a second type of scenario, considering an influence politics, when the average of the offer and reserve values of all agents adopting the same social preference form becomes public in a single simulation step, and the agents of the same network, have been influenced by that, imitate those values. At the same time, the network topology is modified, representing some kind of mobility, in order to analyze if the results are dependent on the neighborhood. The model was implemented in Net Logo.","PeriodicalId":432252,"journal":{"name":"2012 Third Brazilian Workshop on Social Simulation","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122678699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Quadros, Felipe N. da Silva, J. Silveira, L. M. Rodrigues, L. S. Antiqueira, S. L. Briao, Suvania A. Oliveira, T. Cabreira
This work studies the modeling Socio-Spatial Segregation. This phenomenon occurs, most often, unintentionally in some cities, especially in large population centers. Multiagent simulation is adopted using the Net Logo software. From an existing template available in the models library, we developed some examples with variations for the basic case of social classes' segregation.
{"title":"A Study on Socio-spatial Segregation Models Based on Multi-agent Systems","authors":"C. Quadros, Felipe N. da Silva, J. Silveira, L. M. Rodrigues, L. S. Antiqueira, S. L. Briao, Suvania A. Oliveira, T. Cabreira","doi":"10.1109/BWSS.2012.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWSS.2012.14","url":null,"abstract":"This work studies the modeling Socio-Spatial Segregation. This phenomenon occurs, most often, unintentionally in some cities, especially in large population centers. Multiagent simulation is adopted using the Net Logo software. From an existing template available in the models library, we developed some examples with variations for the basic case of social classes' segregation.","PeriodicalId":432252,"journal":{"name":"2012 Third Brazilian Workshop on Social Simulation","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130067436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hofstede et al. cultured negotiating agents simulation produced realistic behavior by incorporating Hofstede's dimensional model of culture in the agent's negotiation protocol and overall behavior. Given such a promising model to generate actual human-like behavior in artificial agents, and the lack of sound and well accepted replication methodologies, we reviewed our original replication research: the parameters sensitivity test replication, a new real countries indices simulation replication, the roadblocks encountered during the process and the suggestions in order to avoid such obstacles. New results continue to show a relational equivalence.
{"title":"Replicating Hofstede's Cultured Negotiation: A First Update","authors":"João Graça, H. Coelho","doi":"10.1109/BWSS.2012.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWSS.2012.29","url":null,"abstract":"Hofstede et al. cultured negotiating agents simulation produced realistic behavior by incorporating Hofstede's dimensional model of culture in the agent's negotiation protocol and overall behavior. Given such a promising model to generate actual human-like behavior in artificial agents, and the lack of sound and well accepted replication methodologies, we reviewed our original replication research: the parameters sensitivity test replication, a new real countries indices simulation replication, the roadblocks encountered during the process and the suggestions in order to avoid such obstacles. New results continue to show a relational equivalence.","PeriodicalId":432252,"journal":{"name":"2012 Third Brazilian Workshop on Social Simulation","volume":"516 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123085963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Macroeconomics has been preoccupied by the analysis of equilibrium states and their properties. It is assumed that there are mechanisms which will always drive the economy to equilibrium, from which it is perturbed only by exogenous shocks. What is needed however, are models which treat the economy as a complex evolving system which may undergo sudden and radical endogenous changes. The interaction between the individuals and firms in the economy produces aggregate phenomena which are intrinsically different from the behavior of the individuals. Collective results may be more or less ârationalâ than individual behavior. Simulating agent-based models allows us to model the evolution of the economy and the emergence of crises which are absent from standard macroeconomic models.
{"title":"Individual and Collective Rationality in Complex Economic Systems","authors":"A. Kirman","doi":"10.1109/BWSS.2012.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWSS.2012.24","url":null,"abstract":"Macroeconomics has been preoccupied by the analysis of equilibrium states and their properties. It is assumed that there are mechanisms which will always drive the economy to equilibrium, from which it is perturbed only by exogenous shocks. What is needed however, are models which treat the economy as a complex evolving system which may undergo sudden and radical endogenous changes. The interaction between the individuals and firms in the economy produces aggregate phenomena which are intrinsically different from the behavior of the individuals. Collective results may be more or less ârationalâ than individual behavior. Simulating agent-based models allows us to model the evolution of the economy and the emergence of crises which are absent from standard macroeconomic models.","PeriodicalId":432252,"journal":{"name":"2012 Third Brazilian Workshop on Social Simulation","volume":"58 26","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114059894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the development of an model in area of communication between agents. This study involves the concepts of agents and communication issues in their interactions. Using the ontology as a technique of classification of knowledge, the model includes an approach to build an intermediate software component between agents and ontological knowledge base, using synonyms in treatment of inaccuracy information. The software component uses Jenaand SPARQL for manipulation of the ontology. To validation, the case study used is the model of the multi-agent system that represents the urban vegetable garden of Parque São JerÃ'nimo (Spain).
{"title":"A Proposal for Interoperability to Agent Communication Using Synonyms","authors":"Fábio Aiub Sperotto, D. Adamatti","doi":"10.1109/BWSS.2012.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWSS.2012.16","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development of an model in area of communication between agents. This study involves the concepts of agents and communication issues in their interactions. Using the ontology as a technique of classification of knowledge, the model includes an approach to build an intermediate software component between agents and ontological knowledge base, using synonyms in treatment of inaccuracy information. The software component uses Jenaand SPARQL for manipulation of the ontology. To validation, the case study used is the model of the multi-agent system that represents the urban vegetable garden of Parque São JerÃ'nimo (Spain).","PeriodicalId":432252,"journal":{"name":"2012 Third Brazilian Workshop on Social Simulation","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114034167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The importance of considering the volumes to analyze stock prices movements can be considered as a well-accepted practice in the financial area. However, when we look at the scientific production in this field, we still cannot find a unified model that includes volume and price variations for stock assessment purposes. In this paper we present a computer model that could fulfill this gap, proposing a new index to evaluate stock prices based on their historical prices and volumes traded. Besides the model can be considered mathematically very simple, it was able to improve significantly the performance of agents operating with real financial data. Based on the results obtained, and also on the very intuitive logic of our model, we believe that the index proposed here can be very useful to help investors on the activity of determining ideal price ranges for buying and selling stocks in the financial market.
{"title":"Stock Prices Assessment: Proposal of a New Index Based on Volume Weighted Historical Prices","authors":"Tiago Colliri, F. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/BWSS.2012.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BWSS.2012.23","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of considering the volumes to analyze stock prices movements can be considered as a well-accepted practice in the financial area. However, when we look at the scientific production in this field, we still cannot find a unified model that includes volume and price variations for stock assessment purposes. In this paper we present a computer model that could fulfill this gap, proposing a new index to evaluate stock prices based on their historical prices and volumes traded. Besides the model can be considered mathematically very simple, it was able to improve significantly the performance of agents operating with real financial data. Based on the results obtained, and also on the very intuitive logic of our model, we believe that the index proposed here can be very useful to help investors on the activity of determining ideal price ranges for buying and selling stocks in the financial market.","PeriodicalId":432252,"journal":{"name":"2012 Third Brazilian Workshop on Social Simulation","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121528500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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