{"title":"Acropora community composition at Siladen Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"Frangky Runtukahu, S. Pinca, P. Scaps","doi":"10.3755/JCRS.9.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/JCRS.9.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Coral Reef Society","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117259202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to investigate the potential effect of algicidal (algae-killing) bacteria on zooxanthellae, some bacterial strains having algicidal properties were isolated from a coral community in the south of Kochi Prefecture (Japan) and their effect on freshly isolated zooxanthellae from Acropora formosa and zooxanthellae in culture (CCMP 2466-Symbiodinium goreaui (Trench et Blank)) was observed. Out of twenty bacterial strains isolated, three strains (strain 4-2DW-1, strain 4-1SW-1 and strain 1B) were found to have strong algicidal activity towards zooxanthellae with considerable cell degradation in up to five different grades (transparent/bleached cells, shrunken cells, swollen cells, necrosis and degradation). In case of freshly isolated zooxanthellae, the algicidal activity of strains 1B, 4-2DW-1 and 4-1SW1 affected 64-86%, 48-67% and 56-75.4% of cells respectively. However, in case of cultured zooxanthellae CCMP 2466-Symbiodinium goreaui (Trench et Blank), only 8-11% of zooxanthellae cells were affected. The results of this study indicate the presence of algicidal bacteria in coral communities, which can influence the health condition of zooxanthellae and suggests that algicidal bacteria might be playing a role in bleaching of corals susceptible to bacterial attack.
为了研究杀藻菌对虫黄藻的潜在影响，从日本高知县南部的一个珊瑚群落中分离出一些具有杀藻特性的菌株，并观察了它们对新分离的鹿角虫黄藻和培养的虫黄藻(CCMP 2466-Symbiodinium goreaui (Trench et Blank))的影响。在分离的20株菌株中，发现3株菌株(菌株4- 2wd -1、菌株4-1SW-1和菌株1B)对虫黄藻具有很强的杀藻活性，并在多达5个不同级别(透明/漂白细胞、萎缩细胞、肿胀细胞、坏死和降解)的细胞中具有相当大的降解作用。在新鲜分离的虫黄藻中，菌株1B、4- 2dw1和4-1SW1对细胞的杀藻活性分别为64-86%、48-67%和56-75.4%。而在培养的虫黄藻CCMP 2466-Symbiodinium goreaui (Trench et Blank)中，只有8-11%的虫黄藻细胞受到影响。本研究结果表明，珊瑚群落中存在杀藻细菌，可以影响虫黄藻的健康状况，并提示杀藻细菌可能在易受细菌攻击的珊瑚漂白中发挥作用。
{"title":"Algicidal bacteria in a high-latitude coral community and their effect on zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium spp.) isolated from the coral Acropora formosa","authors":"S. Keshavmurthy, K. Fukami, E. Nakao","doi":"10.3755/JCRS.9.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/JCRS.9.13","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the potential effect of algicidal (algae-killing) bacteria on zooxanthellae, some bacterial strains having algicidal properties were isolated from a coral community in the south of Kochi Prefecture (Japan) and their effect on freshly isolated zooxanthellae from Acropora formosa and zooxanthellae in culture (CCMP 2466-Symbiodinium goreaui (Trench et Blank)) was observed. Out of twenty bacterial strains isolated, three strains (strain 4-2DW-1, strain 4-1SW-1 and strain 1B) were found to have strong algicidal activity towards zooxanthellae with considerable cell degradation in up to five different grades (transparent/bleached cells, shrunken cells, swollen cells, necrosis and degradation). In case of freshly isolated zooxanthellae, the algicidal activity of strains 1B, 4-2DW-1 and 4-1SW1 affected 64-86%, 48-67% and 56-75.4% of cells respectively. However, in case of cultured zooxanthellae CCMP 2466-Symbiodinium goreaui (Trench et Blank), only 8-11% of zooxanthellae cells were affected. The results of this study indicate the presence of algicidal bacteria in coral communities, which can influence the health condition of zooxanthellae and suggests that algicidal bacteria might be playing a role in bleaching of corals susceptible to bacterial attack.","PeriodicalId":432348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Coral Reef Society","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123084767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many scleractinian corals exhibit intraspecific variation in color and colony morphology. Several color morphs of Galaxea fascicularis have been described in Okinawan populations. Colonies of G. fascicularis have also been divided into types based on the shape of tentacular microbasic p-mastigophore (MpM) nematocysts and the density of the coenosteum. To understand the relationships of color morphs and types based on various characters, we studied color pattern of polyps, shape of tentacular nematocysts, and density of the coenosteum of colonies of G. fascicularis collected at Sesoko Island, Zampa and Teniya, Okinawa. Colonies of G. fascicularis were divided into three morphotypes based on the shape of tentacular MpM nematocysts. In addition to two morphotypes S and H, which were previously reported to possess different types of MpMs, we found mixed-type colonies (morphotype M) whose tentacles possessed both types of nematocysts. Although the average size of skeletal vesicles of the coenosteum of morphotype S colonies was greater than that of morphotype H colonies, the size of skeletal vesicles varied largely among colonies belonging to the same morphotype and appeared to be affected by environmental factors. We could not find clear relationships between the color morphs and the morphotypes based on the shape of tentacular nematocysts in G. fascicularis.
{"title":"アザミサンゴの種内変異型の研究 : ポリプ色彩パターン、刺胞形態、共骨密度","authors":"Defny S. Wewengkang, 俊樹 渡邉, 道雄 日高","doi":"10.3755/JCRS.9.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/JCRS.9.49","url":null,"abstract":"Many scleractinian corals exhibit intraspecific variation in color and colony morphology. Several color morphs of Galaxea fascicularis have been described in Okinawan populations. Colonies of G. fascicularis have also been divided into types based on the shape of tentacular microbasic p-mastigophore (MpM) nematocysts and the density of the coenosteum. To understand the relationships of color morphs and types based on various characters, we studied color pattern of polyps, shape of tentacular nematocysts, and density of the coenosteum of colonies of G. fascicularis collected at Sesoko Island, Zampa and Teniya, Okinawa. Colonies of G. fascicularis were divided into three morphotypes based on the shape of tentacular MpM nematocysts. In addition to two morphotypes S and H, which were previously reported to possess different types of MpMs, we found mixed-type colonies (morphotype M) whose tentacles possessed both types of nematocysts. Although the average size of skeletal vesicles of the coenosteum of morphotype S colonies was greater than that of morphotype H colonies, the size of skeletal vesicles varied largely among colonies belonging to the same morphotype and appeared to be affected by environmental factors. We could not find clear relationships between the color morphs and the morphotypes based on the shape of tentacular nematocysts in G. fascicularis.","PeriodicalId":432348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Coral Reef Society","volume":"39 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114022824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"サンゴ礁海域における海洋保護区 (MPA) の多様性と多面的機能","authors":"鹿熊 信一郎","doi":"10.3755/JCRS.8.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/JCRS.8.91","url":null,"abstract":"フィジー、サモア、フィリピン、インドネシア、モーリシャス、および沖縄の5地区のサンゴ礁海域MPAを事例に、主に水産資源管理を目的としたMPAの多様性、それ以外の目的を有す多面的機能を整理するとともに、効果的なMPAの設定方法、適正なMPAの面積を決める方法を考察した。その結果、MPAが熱帯亜熱帯における強力な資源管理ツールであることを確認した。MPAの形態は多様で、完全禁漁か多目的利用か、政府主体か村落主体か、永久設定か期間限定か、対象魚種を限定するかどうかによって性格は大きく異なることがわかった。また、面積は様々であり、機能も生態系保全やエコツーリズムの場として利用することを主目的とするものもあった。生物多様性のためにはMPAは大きくあるべきだが、漁業者には大きいMPAは操業区域の縮小を意味する。また、エコツーリズムによる利用も、漁撈文化・食文化と対立する可能性がある。このバランスをとるには、MPA内の生物がMPA外へ拡散するスピルオーバー効果を定量的に調査すると同時に、地域住民の参加を得てMPAの位置・面積などを決定し、順応的にMPAを改善していくべきだろう。","PeriodicalId":432348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Coral Reef Society","volume":"212 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114318322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new genus of paralcyoniid soft corals (Octocorallia: Paralcyoniidae) from the Indo-West Pacific is described and named Ceeceenus. The new genus is compared with the related genera Paralcyonium Milne Edwards, 1850 and Studeriotes Thomson & Simpson, 1909. Four new species are described and included in the new genus. They were found in Thailand, Japan, Palau, Papua New Guinea and Tonga.
{"title":"A new genus of paralcyoniid soft corals (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Paralcyoniidae) from the Indo-West Pacific","authors":"L. Ofwegen, Y. Benayahu","doi":"10.3755/JCRS.8.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/JCRS.8.25","url":null,"abstract":"A new genus of paralcyoniid soft corals (Octocorallia: Paralcyoniidae) from the Indo-West Pacific is described and named Ceeceenus. The new genus is compared with the related genera Paralcyonium Milne Edwards, 1850 and Studeriotes Thomson & Simpson, 1909. Four new species are described and included in the new genus. They were found in Thailand, Japan, Palau, Papua New Guinea and Tonga.","PeriodicalId":432348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Coral Reef Society","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134153041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The partial pressure of CO2 in seawater and air-sea CO2 flux were measured at the Sesoko coral reefs in Okinawa, Japan, and the effect of various perturbations on the gas exchange coefficient is discussed. The CO2 flux varied from -1.0 to 1.3mmol m-2h-1, which corresponded with the variation in partial pressure of CO2 in seawater. Atmospheric CO2 was absorbed by seawater during the day and released at night. This was mainly because of community photosynthesis and respiration. The gas exchange coefficient obtained from the chamber method was relatively larger than the wind dependent gas exchange coefficient. In the present study, the gas exchange coefficient was 5 and 30 times higher than that reported by Wanninkhof (1992) and Liss and Merlivat (1986), respectively when the wind velocity was set to 2.8m s-1. Our result (13.8±2.7cm h-1) was close to that reported by Komori and Shimada (1995), which took into account both the effects of turbulence and wind velocity on the gas exchange coefficient, indicating that not only wind, but also the effects of turbulence and other factors are important in the coefficient estimation at the Sesoko coral reefs.
在日本冲绳的雪子子珊瑚礁测量了海水中CO2分压和海气CO2通量，讨论了各种扰动对气体交换系数的影响。CO2通量变化范围为-1.0 ~ 1.3mmol m-2h-1，与海水中CO2分压的变化相对应。大气中的二氧化碳白天被海水吸收，晚上释放。这主要是由于群落光合作用和呼吸作用。室内法得到的气体交换系数相对大于依赖于风的气体交换系数。在本研究中，当风速为2.8m s-1时，气体交换系数分别比Wanninkhof(1992)和Liss and Merlivat(1986)报道的高5倍和30倍。我们的结果(13.8±2.7cm h-1)与Komori和Shimada(1995)报道的结果接近，后者同时考虑了湍流和风速对气体交换系数的影响，这表明在Sesoko珊瑚礁的气体交换系数估计中，除了风，湍流等因素的影响也很重要。
{"title":"Air-sea CO2 flux and gas exchange coefficient at the Sesoko coral reefs, Okinawa, Japan","authors":"Y. Kitada, H. Fujimura, R. Tokeshi, T. Oomori","doi":"10.3755/JCRS.8.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/JCRS.8.51","url":null,"abstract":"The partial pressure of CO2 in seawater and air-sea CO2 flux were measured at the Sesoko coral reefs in Okinawa, Japan, and the effect of various perturbations on the gas exchange coefficient is discussed. The CO2 flux varied from -1.0 to 1.3mmol m-2h-1, which corresponded with the variation in partial pressure of CO2 in seawater. Atmospheric CO2 was absorbed by seawater during the day and released at night. This was mainly because of community photosynthesis and respiration. The gas exchange coefficient obtained from the chamber method was relatively larger than the wind dependent gas exchange coefficient. In the present study, the gas exchange coefficient was 5 and 30 times higher than that reported by Wanninkhof (1992) and Liss and Merlivat (1986), respectively when the wind velocity was set to 2.8m s-1. Our result (13.8±2.7cm h-1) was close to that reported by Komori and Shimada (1995), which took into account both the effects of turbulence and wind velocity on the gas exchange coefficient, indicating that not only wind, but also the effects of turbulence and other factors are important in the coefficient estimation at the Sesoko coral reefs.","PeriodicalId":432348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Coral Reef Society","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127780142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To examine whether damage to zooxanthellar photosystem II (PSII) is the primary step of thermally induced coral bleaching, we first assessed the relationship between the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) or active PSII centers (Fv/Fo) and maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax), which represent the PSII activity and electron flow beyond the PSII, respectively, in the symbiotic algae of the coral Pachyseris rugosa. Next, the photo-physiological responses of the symbionts to stress treatments of 1h high temperature (33.5°C) and/or high light (1030μmol quanta m-2 s-1) stress and 6h recovery were investigated. The 1h high temperature treatment in darkness produced a significant, but reversible (6h recovery) decline in ETRmax without any change in Fv/Fm. The 1h high light treatment reduced Fv/Fm, but not ETRmax. High temperature in combination with high light resulted in a more pronounced reduction in Fv/Fm, along with a significant decline in ETRmax. Neither Fv/Fm nor ETRmax recovered fully within 6h. Reversible increases in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), energy dissipation in PSII, were also recorded. Chloramphenicol (CAP), an inhibitor of synthesis of D1 protein of PSII reaction center, revealed that a minimum of -60% of the Fv/Fm or -30% of active PSII centers (Fv/Fo) is required to maintain ETRmax in the in hospite symbionts. These results suggest that the primary step of heat-induced damage in the symbiont's photosynthetic apparatus involves a component beyond the PSII, probably at the level of the dark reaction as indicated by reduced ETRmax and the PSII damage is secondary.
{"title":"Thermal inhibition and recovery of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II and the maximum electron transport rate in zooxanthellae of a reef-building coral","authors":"R. Bhagooli, M. Hidaka","doi":"10.3755/JCRS.8.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/JCRS.8.1","url":null,"abstract":"To examine whether damage to zooxanthellar photosystem II (PSII) is the primary step of thermally induced coral bleaching, we first assessed the relationship between the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) or active PSII centers (Fv/Fo) and maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax), which represent the PSII activity and electron flow beyond the PSII, respectively, in the symbiotic algae of the coral Pachyseris rugosa. Next, the photo-physiological responses of the symbionts to stress treatments of 1h high temperature (33.5°C) and/or high light (1030μmol quanta m-2 s-1) stress and 6h recovery were investigated. The 1h high temperature treatment in darkness produced a significant, but reversible (6h recovery) decline in ETRmax without any change in Fv/Fm. The 1h high light treatment reduced Fv/Fm, but not ETRmax. High temperature in combination with high light resulted in a more pronounced reduction in Fv/Fm, along with a significant decline in ETRmax. Neither Fv/Fm nor ETRmax recovered fully within 6h. Reversible increases in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), energy dissipation in PSII, were also recorded. Chloramphenicol (CAP), an inhibitor of synthesis of D1 protein of PSII reaction center, revealed that a minimum of -60% of the Fv/Fm or -30% of active PSII centers (Fv/Fo) is required to maintain ETRmax in the in hospite symbionts. These results suggest that the primary step of heat-induced damage in the symbiont's photosynthetic apparatus involves a component beyond the PSII, probably at the level of the dark reaction as indicated by reduced ETRmax and the PSII damage is secondary.","PeriodicalId":432348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Coral Reef Society","volume":"15 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113976227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed M. Kombo, Said Suleiman Bakari, R. Shinjo, A. Tokuyama
Red soil contamination into marine ecosystems such as coral reefs and estuaries is a prevalent environmental problem in the Okinawa Islands. This study was conducted to examine the chemical impact of Okinawan red soil on seawater. The different soil weights were mixed and shaken with 100 mL of seawater for four hours to obtain the extracts. The pH, concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg2+, Al3+ and dissolved silica were then determined. The soil is acidic with a pH value of 5.03, dominated by SiO2 and Al2O3. The pH of the Zampa cape seawater was 8.23 and decreased with soil weight to the lowest value of 4.06. The Al concentration in the seawater was 0.0256 megL-1 and increased with soil to solution ratio to the maximum value of 5.95 megL-1. The base metal concentrations decreased from the seawater by 23.5%, 8.04%, and 3.59% in extracts for K+, Ca2+and Mg2+, respectively, while Na+ was relatively stable to change. The dissolved SiO2 increased from 0.430 mgL-1 in the seawater to the maximum value of 20.0 mgL-1 in ground soil. The Summation of decreasing K+, Ca2+and Mg2+ concentrations and increasing Al3+ and W in the extracts showed a high correlation coefficient (P<0.001), which largely suggests an exchange process. The significant correlations between logarithmic concentrations of Al3+ and silica vs. pH (P<0.001) also suggest the importance of W to release soluble Al as well as hydrogen-promoted weathering of silicates. Physical features such as sedimentation and turbidity do affect coral reefs, but possibly chemical effects such as the elevated Al concentration observed in coastal seawaters may also interfere with the coral's well being at significant red soil-affected areas in the Okinawa Islands.
{"title":"Chemical impact of the acidic red soil on seawater","authors":"Mohamed M. Kombo, Said Suleiman Bakari, R. Shinjo, A. Tokuyama","doi":"10.3755/JCRS.8.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/JCRS.8.13","url":null,"abstract":"Red soil contamination into marine ecosystems such as coral reefs and estuaries is a prevalent environmental problem in the Okinawa Islands. This study was conducted to examine the chemical impact of Okinawan red soil on seawater. The different soil weights were mixed and shaken with 100 mL of seawater for four hours to obtain the extracts. The pH, concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg2+, Al3+ and dissolved silica were then determined. The soil is acidic with a pH value of 5.03, dominated by SiO2 and Al2O3. The pH of the Zampa cape seawater was 8.23 and decreased with soil weight to the lowest value of 4.06. The Al concentration in the seawater was 0.0256 megL-1 and increased with soil to solution ratio to the maximum value of 5.95 megL-1. The base metal concentrations decreased from the seawater by 23.5%, 8.04%, and 3.59% in extracts for K+, Ca2+and Mg2+, respectively, while Na+ was relatively stable to change. The dissolved SiO2 increased from 0.430 mgL-1 in the seawater to the maximum value of 20.0 mgL-1 in ground soil. The Summation of decreasing K+, Ca2+and Mg2+ concentrations and increasing Al3+ and W in the extracts showed a high correlation coefficient (P<0.001), which largely suggests an exchange process. The significant correlations between logarithmic concentrations of Al3+ and silica vs. pH (P<0.001) also suggest the importance of W to release soluble Al as well as hydrogen-promoted weathering of silicates. Physical features such as sedimentation and turbidity do affect coral reefs, but possibly chemical effects such as the elevated Al concentration observed in coastal seawaters may also interfere with the coral's well being at significant red soil-affected areas in the Okinawa Islands.","PeriodicalId":432348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Coral Reef Society","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115338741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthropogenic pollutants, such as pesticides, heavy metals, and petroleum hydrocarbons discharged into marine coastal regions, are currently receiving considerable attention because of their potential to damage coral reefs and their cumulative damage to the ecosystem (Ramos and Ohde 2004 Fabricius 2005). Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential trace heavy metal, and its polluting effects and toxicity for organisms on a global scale are serious problems (e.g., Satarug et al. 2003). Anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture, are a possible source of the Cd that enters the coastal marine ecosystem (de Boo 1990 Bennet-Chambers et al. 1999). Cadmium from phosphate fertilizer used in agricultural fields is transferred by river discharge and ground water, leading to considerable accumulation of the element in the estuarine sediment and marine organisms (Gifford et al. 2005). This short paper reports a preliminary study of the Cd concentration in sediments and benthic animals collected from three river estuaries of Ishigaki Island. The study suggests the outflow of Cd with an agricultural origin into the coastal areas of the island. STUDY SITES
排放到海洋沿海地区的人为污染物，如农药、重金属和石油碳氢化合物，由于其对珊瑚礁的潜在破坏和对生态系统的累积破坏，目前受到了相当大的关注(Ramos和Ohde 2004, Fabricius 2005)。镉(Cd)是一种非必需的微量重金属，其在全球范围内对生物体的污染效应和毒性是严重的问题(例如，Satarug etal . 2003)。农业等人为活动是进入沿海海洋生态系统的Cd的一个可能来源(de Boo 1990 bennett - chambers et al. 1999)。农田使用的磷肥中的镉通过河流排放和地下水转移，导致该元素在河口沉积物和海洋生物中大量积累(Gifford et al. 2005)。本文报道了石垣岛三个河口沉积物和底栖动物Cd浓度的初步研究。该研究表明，镉的外流与农业起源到岛屿的沿海地区。研究地点
{"title":"High cadmium concentration in the estuarine sediment of the Miyara River (Ishigaki Island)","authors":"K. Abe","doi":"10.3755/JCRS.8.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/JCRS.8.71","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic pollutants, such as pesticides, heavy metals, and petroleum hydrocarbons discharged into marine coastal regions, are currently receiving considerable attention because of their potential to damage coral reefs and their cumulative damage to the ecosystem (Ramos and Ohde 2004 Fabricius 2005). Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential trace heavy metal, and its polluting effects and toxicity for organisms on a global scale are serious problems (e.g., Satarug et al. 2003). Anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture, are a possible source of the Cd that enters the coastal marine ecosystem (de Boo 1990 Bennet-Chambers et al. 1999). Cadmium from phosphate fertilizer used in agricultural fields is transferred by river discharge and ground water, leading to considerable accumulation of the element in the estuarine sediment and marine organisms (Gifford et al. 2005). This short paper reports a preliminary study of the Cd concentration in sediments and benthic animals collected from three river estuaries of Ishigaki Island. The study suggests the outflow of Cd with an agricultural origin into the coastal areas of the island. STUDY SITES","PeriodicalId":432348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Coral Reef Society","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134394330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Nakamura, H. Terashima, Samyan Chettanand, Naoshi Sato, H. Ida
Fish faunas and diets were examined in Halodule uninervis- and Syringodium isoetifolium-dominated seagrass beds at Mauritius, western Indian Ocean, in March 2002. A total of 37 fish species (representing 16 families) were collected, 26 (14 families) of them occurring in the H. uninervis-bed and 26 (13 families) in the S. isoetifolium-bed, with 15 (10 families) common to both beds. Fishes were mainly juveniles, dominant families with regard to both species and individual numbers being Apogonidae, Mullidae, Labridae, Scaridae and Gobiidae. Zoobenthivores comprised the most dominant feeding type in both seagrass beds, harpacticoid copepods and gammaridean amphipods being the most important food resources for those fishes.
{"title":"Preliminary survey and diet analysis of seagrass bed fishes at Mauritius, western Indian Ocean","authors":"Y. Nakamura, H. Terashima, Samyan Chettanand, Naoshi Sato, H. Ida","doi":"10.3755/JCRS.8.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/JCRS.8.61","url":null,"abstract":"Fish faunas and diets were examined in Halodule uninervis- and Syringodium isoetifolium-dominated seagrass beds at Mauritius, western Indian Ocean, in March 2002. A total of 37 fish species (representing 16 families) were collected, 26 (14 families) of them occurring in the H. uninervis-bed and 26 (13 families) in the S. isoetifolium-bed, with 15 (10 families) common to both beds. Fishes were mainly juveniles, dominant families with regard to both species and individual numbers being Apogonidae, Mullidae, Labridae, Scaridae and Gobiidae. Zoobenthivores comprised the most dominant feeding type in both seagrass beds, harpacticoid copepods and gammaridean amphipods being the most important food resources for those fishes.","PeriodicalId":432348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Coral Reef Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116331711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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