Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2023130413
A. Dubinsky, E. Kostina, N.T. Ivashkevich, V. Bulygina
The characteristics of 79 cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (mean age — 20.3±2.3 years) were studied: 26.6% male and 73.4% female. Signs of stress, coping, level of anxiety and depression were studied. Stressful stimuli were presented by showing images of dangerous situations and incidents, as well as loud, negatively socially colored sounds. The levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in saliva before and after presentation of stressful stimuli were determined. It was revealed that male cadets are characterized by high levels of cortisol and DHEA before stress, with a decrease after presentation. The group of female cadets was characterized by normal hormone indices. Profiles of reaction to stress were formed. Two pro-files were identified in the group of male cadets. The first one corresponded to destructive ways of coping with stress, depression and anxiety expression, normal dynamics of hormone indices after stress; the second one — low level of anxiety and depression, high level of coping planning-solving problems, decrease of cortisol and DHEA level after stress. For female cadets, 3 profiles were distinguished. The first was characterized by the absence of signs of stress, positive reassessment of stress, normal dynamics of hormones; the second — low level of stress, non-expressiveness of coping escape and increase of hormones after stress; the third — expression of signs of stress, coping self-control, and decrease of hormones after stress.
{"title":"Psychoendocrine Characteristics of Cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs","authors":"A. Dubinsky, E. Kostina, N.T. Ivashkevich, V. Bulygina","doi":"10.17759/psylaw.2023130413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2023130413","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of 79 cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (mean age — 20.3±2.3 years) were studied: 26.6% male and 73.4% female. Signs of stress, coping, level of anxiety and depression were studied. Stressful stimuli were presented by showing images of dangerous situations and incidents, as well as loud, negatively socially colored sounds. The levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in saliva before and after presentation of stressful stimuli were determined. It was revealed that male cadets are characterized by high levels of cortisol and DHEA before stress, with a decrease after presentation. The group of female cadets was characterized by normal hormone indices. Profiles of reaction to stress were formed. Two pro-files were identified in the group of male cadets. The first one corresponded to destructive ways of coping with stress, depression and anxiety expression, normal dynamics of hormone indices after stress; the second one — low level of anxiety and depression, high level of coping planning-solving problems, decrease of cortisol and DHEA level after stress. For female cadets, 3 profiles were distinguished. The first was characterized by the absence of signs of stress, positive reassessment of stress, normal dynamics of hormones; the second — low level of stress, non-expressiveness of coping escape and increase of hormones after stress; the third — expression of signs of stress, coping self-control, and decrease of hormones after stress.","PeriodicalId":43238,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Law","volume":"9 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2023130417
E. Dozortseva, E.V. Borisenko
The number of child victims of criminal violence and abuse in Russia is increasing every year. The investigation of crimes committed against minors, as well as the provision of assistance to such children, requires the participation of different departments and specialists of different professions. The organization of their effective interaction requires management and coordination. The article presents the experience of foreign countries, demonstrating the positive results of the work of centers that coordinate interdepartmental and multi-professional activities. One successful organizational form is the Barnahus model. A comparative analysis of the implementation of this model in the countries of Scandinavia and Finland shows that the leading role in it can be played by the police, social or medical services. Funding can be state or municipal, i.e. implementation options may vary, but they are united by the idea of performing all functions in one institution operating to common standards of performance. Familiarity with this practice is useful for the productive organization of interdepartmental interaction when working with a child who is a victim of violence in Russia.
{"title":"Models of Organization of Assistance for Child Victim of Violence (Foreign Experience)","authors":"E. Dozortseva, E.V. Borisenko","doi":"10.17759/psylaw.2023130417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2023130417","url":null,"abstract":"The number of child victims of criminal violence and abuse in Russia is increasing every year. The investigation of crimes committed against minors, as well as the provision of assistance to such children, requires the participation of different departments and specialists of different professions. The organization of their effective interaction requires management and coordination. The article presents the experience of foreign countries, demonstrating the positive results of the work of centers that coordinate interdepartmental and multi-professional activities. One successful organizational form is the Barnahus model. A comparative analysis of the implementation of this model in the countries of Scandinavia and Finland shows that the leading role in it can be played by the police, social or medical services. Funding can be state or municipal, i.e. implementation options may vary, but they are united by the idea of performing all functions in one institution operating to common standards of performance. Familiarity with this practice is useful for the productive organization of interdepartmental interaction when working with a child who is a victim of violence in Russia.","PeriodicalId":43238,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Law","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2023130418
V. Oslon, M. A. Odintsova, G. Semya, U.V. Kolesnikova
The article presents the results of a study of the sustainability resources of graduates of various forms of life arrangements of orphaned children (orphanage and foster family) with different profiles of emotional intelligence (EI): “self-directed EI”, “self-directed EI”, “balanced EI”. It is proved that the profiles of EI, the levels of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence do not depend on the conditions of upbringing before graduation, but depend on the gender of the respondent. In girls, the level of EI is reduced more often than in boys, and EI profiles are more often directed at themselves or others, and is less often balanced. It is shown that the most vulnerable is a group with an EI profile directed at others whose sustainability resources are weakly expressed or ambivalent; less vulnerable is a group with an EI profile directed at themselves, whose resources are at an average level; and a group with a balanced EI profile, whose sustainability resources are close to a high level. The targets of assistance for the development of psychological resources of graduates’ resilience, the mobilization of which can ensure successful integration in society, are highlighted. The use of the obtained data in the development of graduate support routes will contribute to the implementation of state policy objectives.
{"title":"Sustainability Resources of Graduates of Organizations for Orphans and Foster Families with Different Profiles of Emotional Intelligence","authors":"V. Oslon, M. A. Odintsova, G. Semya, U.V. Kolesnikova","doi":"10.17759/psylaw.2023130418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2023130418","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a study of the sustainability resources of graduates of various forms of life arrangements of orphaned children (orphanage and foster family) with different profiles of emotional intelligence (EI): “self-directed EI”, “self-directed EI”, “balanced EI”. It is proved that the profiles of EI, the levels of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence do not depend on the conditions of upbringing before graduation, but depend on the gender of the respondent. In girls, the level of EI is reduced more often than in boys, and EI profiles are more often directed at themselves or others, and is less often balanced. It is shown that the most vulnerable is a group with an EI profile directed at others whose sustainability resources are weakly expressed or ambivalent; less vulnerable is a group with an EI profile directed at themselves, whose resources are at an average level; and a group with a balanced EI profile, whose sustainability resources are close to a high level. The targets of assistance for the development of psychological resources of graduates’ resilience, the mobilization of which can ensure successful integration in society, are highlighted. The use of the obtained data in the development of graduate support routes will contribute to the implementation of state policy objectives.","PeriodicalId":43238,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Law","volume":"43 3‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2023130421
G. Semya, G. Zaitsev, N. G. Zaytseva, A. Telitsyna
The study is aimed at examining the assessment of safety and well-being among adolescents through their subjective evaluation. A comparative analysis of subjective well-being (SWB) was conducted in areas of armed conflict and regions of Russia using the Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire (Oslon V.N. et al.), which, in addition to SWB subdomains, includes a set of questions allowing for a more qualitative interpretation of the results. In total, 13,342 adolescents from the Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) participated in the survey, including 54% girls and 46% boys aged 13 to 17. The research results allowed evaluating living conditions, education, experienced stress, and safety, as well as the perspectives of adolescents seeking integration into normal life. A detailed analysis of the responses revealed that the majority of adolescents rated their satisfaction with various aspects of life quite high. However, a comparative analysis of SWB subdomains indicates that subjective satisfaction is lower than the overall Russian sample (151,000 people). The study showed that, along with socio-psychological support for children by qualified specialists locally and during visits to other regions, the creation of conditions for normalizing life in their republic, including the restoration of child infrastructure, is of no less importance for well-being.
{"title":"Assessment Peculiarities of Adolescent Subjective Well-being and Safety in Areas of Military Conflicts","authors":"G. Semya, G. Zaitsev, N. G. Zaytseva, A. Telitsyna","doi":"10.17759/psylaw.2023130421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2023130421","url":null,"abstract":"The study is aimed at examining the assessment of safety and well-being among adolescents through their subjective evaluation. A comparative analysis of subjective well-being (SWB) was conducted in areas of armed conflict and regions of Russia using the Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire (Oslon V.N. et al.), which, in addition to SWB subdomains, includes a set of questions allowing for a more qualitative interpretation of the results. In total, 13,342 adolescents from the Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) participated in the survey, including 54% girls and 46% boys aged 13 to 17. The research results allowed evaluating living conditions, education, experienced stress, and safety, as well as the perspectives of adolescents seeking integration into normal life. A detailed analysis of the responses revealed that the majority of adolescents rated their satisfaction with various aspects of life quite high. However, a comparative analysis of SWB subdomains indicates that subjective satisfaction is lower than the overall Russian sample (151,000 people). The study showed that, along with socio-psychological support for children by qualified specialists locally and during visits to other regions, the creation of conditions for normalizing life in their republic, including the restoration of child infrastructure, is of no less importance for well-being.","PeriodicalId":43238,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Law","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2023130416
A.V. Demin
The article analyzes the impact of social norms on tax compliance. The author defines social norms as standards of non-legal behavior that have been established in society and assimilated by an individual, which people follow due to the fact that they receive either greater inner satisfaction from actions that they consider correct, or because of approval from others. The author comes to the conclusion that conformity and evaluation by society are a powerful driver of decisions made by taxpayers. A person's social identity is an important factor of tax compliance. In this context, tax liabilities do not exist in a social vacuum. The social, cultural and institutional environment in which a taxpayer lives and works, his interactions with other people and organizations have a significant impact on tax compliance. Therefore, if a taxpayer is convinced that all (or most) people consider it the norm not to pay taxes, he is more likely to do the same. And, on the contrary, if a taxpayer is confident that others, as a rule, faithfully fulfill their tax obligations, they are more likely to comply with tax compliance.
{"title":"Conformity, Social Norms and Tax Compliance","authors":"A.V. Demin","doi":"10.17759/psylaw.2023130416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2023130416","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the impact of social norms on tax compliance. The author defines social norms as standards of non-legal behavior that have been established in society and assimilated by an individual, which people follow due to the fact that they receive either greater inner satisfaction from actions that they consider correct, or because of approval from others. The author comes to the conclusion that conformity and evaluation by society are a powerful driver of decisions made by taxpayers. A person's social identity is an important factor of tax compliance. In this context, tax liabilities do not exist in a social vacuum. The social, cultural and institutional environment in which a taxpayer lives and works, his interactions with other people and organizations have a significant impact on tax compliance. Therefore, if a taxpayer is convinced that all (or most) people consider it the norm not to pay taxes, he is more likely to do the same. And, on the contrary, if a taxpayer is confident that others, as a rule, faithfully fulfill their tax obligations, they are more likely to comply with tax compliance.","PeriodicalId":43238,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Law","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2023130414
V. Oslon, M. A. Odintsova, G. Semya, U.V. Kolesnikova
In recent years, the Russian state has been actively engaged in protecting the rights of children deprived of parental care. As part of the amendments to the Constitution (Article 67), the State assumed the responsibilities of parents in relation to this category of children. These responsibilities are realized through the development of family life, the most important tool of which is the training programs for persons wishing to adopt orphaned children. Their necessity was legislated in 2012, and in the Action Plan for the Decade of Childhood (dated January 23, 2021 No. 122-r) the task of improving them was set, the implementation of which the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation in terms of developing programs for preparing citizens for the reception of orphaned children was entrusted to the MSUPE. The new program considers the development of the potential for post-traumatic personality growth (PPTPG) as such a target. The results of the study (N=188 candidates for substitute parents) are presented. It is proved that the psychological resources of candidates include family viability, resilience, emotional intelligence, potential for compassion, the ability to self-regulate and child-oriented reception motives.
{"title":"Developing the Potential of Post-traumatic Growth as a Psychological Target for Training Candidates for Substitute Parents","authors":"V. Oslon, M. A. Odintsova, G. Semya, U.V. Kolesnikova","doi":"10.17759/psylaw.2023130414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2023130414","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the Russian state has been actively engaged in protecting the rights of children deprived of parental care. As part of the amendments to the Constitution (Article 67), the State assumed the responsibilities of parents in relation to this category of children. These responsibilities are realized through the development of family life, the most important tool of which is the training programs for persons wishing to adopt orphaned children. Their necessity was legislated in 2012, and in the Action Plan for the Decade of Childhood (dated January 23, 2021 No. 122-r) the task of improving them was set, the implementation of which the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation in terms of developing programs for preparing citizens for the reception of orphaned children was entrusted to the MSUPE. The new program considers the development of the potential for post-traumatic personality growth (PPTPG) as such a target. The results of the study (N=188 candidates for substitute parents) are presented. It is proved that the psychological resources of candidates include family viability, resilience, emotional intelligence, potential for compassion, the ability to self-regulate and child-oriented reception motives.","PeriodicalId":43238,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Law","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2023130408
V.A. Smolenkova, E. Shpagina
The problem of professional self-determination of the personality of adolescents with deviant, including illegal behavior, is of interest to psychologists and educators, since it is the choice of profession and successful consolidation in professional activity that is an alternative to the criminal career of adolescents experiencing difficulties of socialization. The task of psychological and pedagogical support at this age is to consolidate a teenager’s interest in professional choice, to help comprehend the meaning of work in a life context. Psychological and pedagogical work with this category has its own characteristics. The article provides an analytical review of the theoretical foundations of psychological and pedagogical support of professional self-determination of adolescents prone to deviant, including illegal behavior.
{"title":"Issues of Psychological and Pedagogical Support of Professional Self-Determination of Minors with Deviant Behavior in the Works of Russian Psychologists","authors":"V.A. Smolenkova, E. Shpagina","doi":"10.17759/psylaw.2023130408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2023130408","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of professional self-determination of the personality of adolescents with deviant, including illegal behavior, is of interest to psychologists and educators, since it is the choice of profession and successful consolidation in professional activity that is an alternative to the criminal career of adolescents experiencing difficulties of socialization. The task of psychological and pedagogical support at this age is to consolidate a teenager’s interest in professional choice, to help comprehend the meaning of work in a life context. Psychological and pedagogical work with this category has its own characteristics. The article provides an analytical review of the theoretical foundations of psychological and pedagogical support of professional self-determination of adolescents prone to deviant, including illegal behavior.","PeriodicalId":43238,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Law","volume":"4 s6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2023130415
The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring the fairness of judicial protection in the aspect of the unity of legal and psychological factors. Judicial activity, being strictly regulated by procedural norms, is largely determined by the personality of the judge as the bearer of judicial power. Attention is drawn to the fact that when appointing judges, little attention is paid to their psychological characteristics, but practice shows that the subsequently identified shortcomings in the work of a judge are due not only to gaps in knowledge of legal issues, but also to the lack of necessary purely psychological skills or personality traits of a judge. The impartiality of a judge cannot be ensured only by legal norms, it must be the inner readiness of a judge to resist bias and prejudice. Attention is drawn to the need to develop additional programs for the psychological training of judges. The "halo principle" and lying during a trial can significantly affect the legality and validity of a court decision, and therefore it will be unfair. Psychological science has developed many techniques that can help in recognizing lies, in resolving conflicts, and also develop the ability to resist attempts to influence the participants in the process to make decisions by the judge. These methods should be studied in the course of professional training and retraining of judges, because participants in the process quite often use the features of the personality of a judge and methods of influence in order to achieve a favorable result for themselves. The provisions and conclusions of the article can serve as a basis for further scientific research on the psychology of judicial activity.
{"title":"Legal and Psychological Aspects of Judicial Fairness","authors":"","doi":"10.17759/psylaw.2023130415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2023130415","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring the fairness of judicial protection in the aspect of the unity of legal and psychological factors. Judicial activity, being strictly regulated by procedural norms, is largely determined by the personality of the judge as the bearer of judicial power. Attention is drawn to the fact that when appointing judges, little attention is paid to their psychological characteristics, but practice shows that the subsequently identified shortcomings in the work of a judge are due not only to gaps in knowledge of legal issues, but also to the lack of necessary purely psychological skills or personality traits of a judge. The impartiality of a judge cannot be ensured only by legal norms, it must be the inner readiness of a judge to resist bias and prejudice. Attention is drawn to the need to develop additional programs for the psychological training of judges. The \"halo principle\" and lying during a trial can significantly affect the legality and validity of a court decision, and therefore it will be unfair. Psychological science has developed many techniques that can help in recognizing lies, in resolving conflicts, and also develop the ability to resist attempts to influence the participants in the process to make decisions by the judge. These methods should be studied in the course of professional training and retraining of judges, because participants in the process quite often use the features of the personality of a judge and methods of influence in order to achieve a favorable result for themselves. The provisions and conclusions of the article can serve as a basis for further scientific research on the psychology of judicial activity.","PeriodicalId":43238,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Law","volume":"104 s409","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2023130412
V.E. Petrov, A. Kokurin, V. Pozdnyakov
The special military operation carried out by Russia has caused an increase in the number of volunteers carrying out their activities in extreme conditions. Based on the analysis of scientific publications on the problems of volunteering, as well as the data of an empirical study on a sample of 40 people (20 volunteers of an extreme profile and 20 volunteers of a general humanitarian orientation), which included the results of a questionnaire and a comprehensive psychodiagnostic examination (“Questionnaire for assessing the propensity to volunteer activity” (V.E. Petrov); test “Altruism — egoism” (E.P. Ilyin), methodology “EDM Responsibility” (V.P. Pryadein), the method “Diagnostics of Acceptance of Others” (V. Fey), the method of diagnosing social empathy (A. Mehrabyan and N. Epstein)), psychologically significant predictors that determine people’s inclination to contrasting types of volunteer activities have been established. An assessment of the differences in the groups showed that “extreme volunteers” are characterized by increased responsibility for the results of their activities, and “volunteers of a general humanitarian orientation” are characterized by greater tolerance towards others. The psychological portrait of an “extreme volunteer” is distinguished by such characteristics of the value and motivational sphere of the personality as patriotism, participation, self-sacrifice, social involvement, and altruism. The material of the article allows us to clarify the methodological guidelines of psychological practice in the field of volunteering in extreme conditions, to detail the pattern of qualities of a successful volunteer and to individualize his professional training.
{"title":"Personal Predictors of Volunteering in Everyday and Extreme Conditions","authors":"V.E. Petrov, A. Kokurin, V. Pozdnyakov","doi":"10.17759/psylaw.2023130412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2023130412","url":null,"abstract":"The special military operation carried out by Russia has caused an increase in the number of volunteers carrying out their activities in extreme conditions. Based on the analysis of scientific publications on the problems of volunteering, as well as the data of an empirical study on a sample of 40 people (20 volunteers of an extreme profile and 20 volunteers of a general humanitarian orientation), which included the results of a questionnaire and a comprehensive psychodiagnostic examination (“Questionnaire for assessing the propensity to volunteer activity” (V.E. Petrov); test “Altruism — egoism” (E.P. Ilyin), methodology “EDM Responsibility” (V.P. Pryadein), the method “Diagnostics of Acceptance of Others” (V. Fey), the method of diagnosing social empathy (A. Mehrabyan and N. Epstein)), psychologically significant predictors that determine people’s inclination to contrasting types of volunteer activities have been established. An assessment of the differences in the groups showed that “extreme volunteers” are characterized by increased responsibility for the results of their activities, and “volunteers of a general humanitarian orientation” are characterized by greater tolerance towards others. The psychological portrait of an “extreme volunteer” is distinguished by such characteristics of the value and motivational sphere of the personality as patriotism, participation, self-sacrifice, social involvement, and altruism. The material of the article allows us to clarify the methodological guidelines of psychological practice in the field of volunteering in extreme conditions, to detail the pattern of qualities of a successful volunteer and to individualize his professional training.","PeriodicalId":43238,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Law","volume":"19 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2023130407
A. Medvedeva
Addressing the problem of sexual harassment of children and adolescents in online communication (cybergrooming) requires in-depth study. Gender and psychosexual aspects of victimization of victims are of particular importance for preventive work. The article presents the results of content analysis of dialogues between 35 cybergroomers and 94 minors, realized on the Internet. The gender and age structure of the victims is 54 girls and 40 boys from 9 to 16 years old. It was found that depending on the gender and sexual identity of the child, as well as their own criminal goals, the groomers use different tactics of manipulative influence. Boys are significantly more likely to exhibit sexual motive when interacting with abusers, as well as greater victimization (p=0.000). Girls are predominantly oriented towards neutral and friendly interactions and do not allow it to go beyond these limits (p=0.000). It is concluded that prevention of victimization of minors involved in cybergrooming should include the development of skills to assert personal boundaries and critical attitude towards online interlocutors.
{"title":"Victimization of Minors in the Process of Cybergrooming: Gender and Psychosexual Specificity","authors":"A. Medvedeva","doi":"10.17759/psylaw.2023130407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2023130407","url":null,"abstract":"Addressing the problem of sexual harassment of children and adolescents in online communication (cybergrooming) requires in-depth study. Gender and psychosexual aspects of victimization of victims are of particular importance for preventive work. The article presents the results of content analysis of dialogues between 35 cybergroomers and 94 minors, realized on the Internet. The gender and age structure of the victims is 54 girls and 40 boys from 9 to 16 years old. It was found that depending on the gender and sexual identity of the child, as well as their own criminal goals, the groomers use different tactics of manipulative influence. Boys are significantly more likely to exhibit sexual motive when interacting with abusers, as well as greater victimization (p=0.000). Girls are predominantly oriented towards neutral and friendly interactions and do not allow it to go beyond these limits (p=0.000). It is concluded that prevention of victimization of minors involved in cybergrooming should include the development of skills to assert personal boundaries and critical attitude towards online interlocutors.","PeriodicalId":43238,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Law","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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