The first half of 2023 saw considerable change in Scotland’s politics, with the resignation of First Minister Nicola Sturgeon and a divisive and bitter leadership contest in the SNP. The nature and scope of this political crisis is not yet clear, and this editorial looks briefly at the prospects for the SNP, and its new leader Humza Yousaf, with the significant difficulties he faces in steadying the ship.
{"title":"Editorial: After the Fall …","authors":"Michael Rosie","doi":"10.3366/scot.2023.0472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/scot.2023.0472","url":null,"abstract":"The first half of 2023 saw considerable change in Scotland’s politics, with the resignation of First Minister Nicola Sturgeon and a divisive and bitter leadership contest in the SNP. The nature and scope of this political crisis is not yet clear, and this editorial looks briefly at the prospects for the SNP, and its new leader Humza Yousaf, with the significant difficulties he faces in steadying the ship.","PeriodicalId":43295,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Affairs","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139296905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How did Scottish universities fare in the pandemic? This paper looks at changes in income and student enrolments, comparing the pandemic years (2020–2022) to those preceding them. Despite concerns that Covid would have negative impacts across the university sector, the analysis shows that both income and student numbers increased substantially in Scotland. This article builds on a related analysis ( Armstrong 2023 ) and focuses on a selection of ten universities that encompass the diverse range of sizes, locations and student cohorts making up the Scottish university sector. It finds that growth in income, against expectation, accelerated during Covid, and this is largely attributable to expanded recruitment of international students, who pay significantly higher fees than those located within the UK. Scottish universities made a record amount of income from international fees in 2021–22 of £1.14 billion. The analysis of income growth is followed by exploration of changes in student numbers and cohort compositions, where international student numbers also accelerated in the pandemic. A discussion of the implications of these changes considers the growing divide among Scottish universities, and the wider implications that rapid growth and increasing dependence on one source of income has for universities, their staff and students and the cities and towns in which they are located.
{"title":"Crisis or Opportunity? International Income Growth in Scottish Universities during Covid-19","authors":"Sarah Armstrong","doi":"10.3366/scot.2023.0474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/scot.2023.0474","url":null,"abstract":"How did Scottish universities fare in the pandemic? This paper looks at changes in income and student enrolments, comparing the pandemic years (2020–2022) to those preceding them. Despite concerns that Covid would have negative impacts across the university sector, the analysis shows that both income and student numbers increased substantially in Scotland. This article builds on a related analysis ( Armstrong 2023 ) and focuses on a selection of ten universities that encompass the diverse range of sizes, locations and student cohorts making up the Scottish university sector. It finds that growth in income, against expectation, accelerated during Covid, and this is largely attributable to expanded recruitment of international students, who pay significantly higher fees than those located within the UK. Scottish universities made a record amount of income from international fees in 2021–22 of £1.14 billion. The analysis of income growth is followed by exploration of changes in student numbers and cohort compositions, where international student numbers also accelerated in the pandemic. A discussion of the implications of these changes considers the growing divide among Scottish universities, and the wider implications that rapid growth and increasing dependence on one source of income has for universities, their staff and students and the cities and towns in which they are located.","PeriodicalId":43295,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Affairs","volume":"144 1-3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gianfranco Poggi (1934–2023) was amongst the initial staff cohort at the formation of the University of Edinburgh’s Department of Sociology in 1964. Poggi’s recent death brought to an end almost six decades of thinking, arguing, and writing about Sociology: much of that time was spent in Scotland. Here Scottish Affairs marks his passing through short memorials to him from his former student and colleague, David McCrone; and from his daughter, Maria Poggi Johnson.
{"title":"Gianfranco Poggi (1934–2023)","authors":"David McCrone, Maria Poggi Johnson","doi":"10.3366/scot.2023.0476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/scot.2023.0476","url":null,"abstract":"Gianfranco Poggi (1934–2023) was amongst the initial staff cohort at the formation of the University of Edinburgh’s Department of Sociology in 1964. Poggi’s recent death brought to an end almost six decades of thinking, arguing, and writing about Sociology: much of that time was spent in Scotland. Here Scottish Affairs marks his passing through short memorials to him from his former student and colleague, David McCrone; and from his daughter, Maria Poggi Johnson.","PeriodicalId":43295,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Affairs","volume":"49 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135615538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This public lecture considers the impact of the 1840s European potato blight on Scotland. It focuses especially on the Highlands, where phytophthora infestans exposed the people of the region to acute life-threatening crisis. Throughout, comparisons and contrasts are drawn with the Great Irish Famine ( an Gorta Mór) which has attracted much more scholarly and popular attention than the famine in Scotland. One key question is why did the Highlands not starve, unlike the appalling tragedy over the Irish Sea? Devine further describes how Highland famine triggered an unprecedented scale and intensity of ‘clearance’, forced removal of people from their traditional holdings, which emptied entire districts of their people. He concludes by querying whether the era of Clearance ended with the removal of forced mass eviction, or whether other strategies by the landed class served to compel Highlanders to leave.
{"title":"Climax of Clearance: Famine, Race and Compulsory Emigration","authors":"T.M. Devine","doi":"10.3366/scot.2023.0475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/scot.2023.0475","url":null,"abstract":"This public lecture considers the impact of the 1840s European potato blight on Scotland. It focuses especially on the Highlands, where phytophthora infestans exposed the people of the region to acute life-threatening crisis. Throughout, comparisons and contrasts are drawn with the Great Irish Famine ( an Gorta Mór) which has attracted much more scholarly and popular attention than the famine in Scotland. One key question is why did the Highlands not starve, unlike the appalling tragedy over the Irish Sea? Devine further describes how Highland famine triggered an unprecedented scale and intensity of ‘clearance’, forced removal of people from their traditional holdings, which emptied entire districts of their people. He concludes by querying whether the era of Clearance ended with the removal of forced mass eviction, or whether other strategies by the landed class served to compel Highlanders to leave.","PeriodicalId":43295,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Affairs","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It's now fifteen years since the death of Bernard Crick. His contribution to modern scholarship and political writing continues to be recognised largely with reference to ‘the book’ and ‘the biography’, namely the ‘mere essay’ In Defence of Politics and his major work on George Orwell. The central contention of this article, however, is that Crick's corpus of work continues to have a wide contemporary relevance that reaches far beyond these two central reference points. Crick's arguments about ideology and political cultures remain hugely significant to anyone seeking to understand or contest the emergence of populism. Populism has, in recent years, reaffirmed its status as a highly effective mode of political galvanisation. Crick saw populism as the most urgent threat to politics and his concerns are widely echoed in academia and beyond. This article uses some of Crick's political ‘meddling’ in his final years as a lens through which to examine Crick's active defence of politics. These include Crick's deep engagement with Scottish political life, and manifestations of his truculent moderation and intellectual pluralism. It argues that Crick embodied a positive faith that, though powerful and serious, threats to politics could be disarmed and repelled.
{"title":"The Meddling Professor: Bernard Crick's Active Defence of Politics","authors":"Charlie Ellis","doi":"10.3366/scot.2023.0478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/scot.2023.0478","url":null,"abstract":"It's now fifteen years since the death of Bernard Crick. His contribution to modern scholarship and political writing continues to be recognised largely with reference to ‘the book’ and ‘the biography’, namely the ‘mere essay’ In Defence of Politics and his major work on George Orwell. The central contention of this article, however, is that Crick's corpus of work continues to have a wide contemporary relevance that reaches far beyond these two central reference points. Crick's arguments about ideology and political cultures remain hugely significant to anyone seeking to understand or contest the emergence of populism. Populism has, in recent years, reaffirmed its status as a highly effective mode of political galvanisation. Crick saw populism as the most urgent threat to politics and his concerns are widely echoed in academia and beyond. This article uses some of Crick's political ‘meddling’ in his final years as a lens through which to examine Crick's active defence of politics. These include Crick's deep engagement with Scottish political life, and manifestations of his truculent moderation and intellectual pluralism. It argues that Crick embodied a positive faith that, though powerful and serious, threats to politics could be disarmed and repelled.","PeriodicalId":43295,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Affairs","volume":"5 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135614092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Shapira, Mark Priestley, Tracey Peace-Hughes, Camilla Barnett, Michelle Ritchie
This article presents the findings from a recent study funded by the Nuffield Foundation, which aimed to provide insights into the experiences of young people and teachers in secondary schools across Scotland under the Curriculum for Excellence (CfE). Our research has uncovered a decrease in the number of National Qualifications entries in S4 under CfE, a phenomenon commonly referred to in Scotland as ‘curriculum narrowing.’ Furthermore, we have identified evidence of social stratification in overall and subject entry patterns in S4, with students from disadvantaged areas experiencing a more significant decline in entries and being limited to a narrower range of subjects. Additionally, our study has revealed signs of curriculum fragmentation during the Broad General Education phase (years S1–S3). The findings from our study also suggest that the curriculum decisions made in schools are primarily driven by the demand for better attainment data, particularly in National Qualifications during the Senior Phase (school years S4–S6), with less emphasis on what it means for an individual to become an educated person in a modern and complex society. Based on our findings, we have concluded that curriculum fragmentation and narrowing under CfE have a detrimental impact on the progression and attainment of young people. Schools that offer a broader curriculum in S4 demonstrate higher enrolment rates for Higher qualifications in S5 and Advanced Higher qualifications in S6. In contrast, schools that offer a narrower curriculum in S4, particularly those in deprived areas, are more likely to experience delays in higher-level qualification entry. A broader curriculum in S4 has been associated with improved performance in National 5 qualifications, higher scores in international tests such as PISA English and Maths, and higher scores on OECD measures of global competences. On the other hand, a narrower curriculum is correlated with less favourable outcomes after leaving school, especially in terms of Higher Education enrolment.
{"title":"Exploring Curriculum Making in Scottish Secondary Schools: Trends and Effects","authors":"Marina Shapira, Mark Priestley, Tracey Peace-Hughes, Camilla Barnett, Michelle Ritchie","doi":"10.3366/scot.2023.0473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/scot.2023.0473","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the findings from a recent study funded by the Nuffield Foundation, which aimed to provide insights into the experiences of young people and teachers in secondary schools across Scotland under the Curriculum for Excellence (CfE). Our research has uncovered a decrease in the number of National Qualifications entries in S4 under CfE, a phenomenon commonly referred to in Scotland as ‘curriculum narrowing.’ Furthermore, we have identified evidence of social stratification in overall and subject entry patterns in S4, with students from disadvantaged areas experiencing a more significant decline in entries and being limited to a narrower range of subjects. Additionally, our study has revealed signs of curriculum fragmentation during the Broad General Education phase (years S1–S3). The findings from our study also suggest that the curriculum decisions made in schools are primarily driven by the demand for better attainment data, particularly in National Qualifications during the Senior Phase (school years S4–S6), with less emphasis on what it means for an individual to become an educated person in a modern and complex society. Based on our findings, we have concluded that curriculum fragmentation and narrowing under CfE have a detrimental impact on the progression and attainment of young people. Schools that offer a broader curriculum in S4 demonstrate higher enrolment rates for Higher qualifications in S5 and Advanced Higher qualifications in S6. In contrast, schools that offer a narrower curriculum in S4, particularly those in deprived areas, are more likely to experience delays in higher-level qualification entry. A broader curriculum in S4 has been associated with improved performance in National 5 qualifications, higher scores in international tests such as PISA English and Maths, and higher scores on OECD measures of global competences. On the other hand, a narrower curriculum is correlated with less favourable outcomes after leaving school, especially in terms of Higher Education enrolment.","PeriodicalId":43295,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Affairs","volume":"52 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135615736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The policing of protest remains a vexed and contentious area, and this article examines the operation by Police Scotland around the National Service of Thanksgiving for King Charles and Queen Camilla in Edinburgh, July 2023 . There were a number of reasons why this particular operation faced a high degree of scrutiny, not least several arrests made some months previously around the funeral of the late Queen, and arrests made by the Metropolitan Police around the Coronation in London. From the outset Police Scotland emphasised a ‘human rights approach’ which aimed to balance security and public safety against the rights of those spectating and of those protesting the event. Here we examine the difficulties faced in such a complex operation, and assess the extent to which Police Scotland were able to deliver on their intended approach
{"title":"Research Note: Protest, Liaison and Legitimacy","authors":"Hugo Gorringe, Michael Rosie","doi":"10.3366/scot.2023.0477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/scot.2023.0477","url":null,"abstract":"The policing of protest remains a vexed and contentious area, and this article examines the operation by Police Scotland around the National Service of Thanksgiving for King Charles and Queen Camilla in Edinburgh, July 2023 . There were a number of reasons why this particular operation faced a high degree of scrutiny, not least several arrests made some months previously around the funeral of the late Queen, and arrests made by the Metropolitan Police around the Coronation in London. From the outset Police Scotland emphasised a ‘human rights approach’ which aimed to balance security and public safety against the rights of those spectating and of those protesting the event. Here we examine the difficulties faced in such a complex operation, and assess the extent to which Police Scotland were able to deliver on their intended approach","PeriodicalId":43295,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Affairs","volume":"62 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_sim_07840
Alex J. MacDonald
The 2023 Leadership contest for the Scottish National Party unexpectedly thrust a small Presbyterian denomination – the Free Church of Scotland – into the centre of political commentary. The social views of one of the candidates, Kate Forbes, a member of the church, formed the focal point of the early days in the campaign. A good deal of this commentary was deeply hostile towards the Free Church, suggesting that its members were morally unsuited, indeed unfit, to hold the highest office in Scotland. No other candidate (and indeed no other prominent Scottish or British politician) has received such scrutiny or criticism on the grounds of their religion or belief. One voice wholly absent in the debate was the Free Church and its people. In this article, then, a senior Free Church minister, and former Moderator of its General Assembly, explores the ‘DNA’ of the Free Church, its historical contribution to Scotland, and where it stands today.
苏格兰民族党(Scottish National Party) 2023年的党魁竞选出人意料地将一个小型长老会教派——苏格兰自由教会(Free Church of Scotland)推到了政治评论的中心。其中一位候选人、教会成员凯特·福布斯(Kate Forbes)的社会观点成为竞选初期的焦点。很多评论都对自由教会充满敌意，认为其成员在道德上不适合，实际上不适合担任苏格兰的最高职位。没有其他候选人(实际上也没有其他杰出的苏格兰或英国政治家)因为宗教或信仰而受到如此严格的审查或批评。在辩论中完全缺席的一个声音是自由教会及其人民。在这篇文章中，一位自由教会的高级牧师，也是自由教会大会的前任主持人，探讨了自由教会的“DNA”，它对苏格兰的历史贡献，以及它今天的地位。
{"title":"What is the Free Church of Scotland?","authors":"Alex J. MacDonald","doi":"10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_sim_07840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_sim_07840","url":null,"abstract":"The 2023 Leadership contest for the Scottish National Party unexpectedly thrust a small Presbyterian denomination – the Free Church of Scotland – into the centre of political commentary. The social views of one of the candidates, Kate Forbes, a member of the church, formed the focal point of the early days in the campaign. A good deal of this commentary was deeply hostile towards the Free Church, suggesting that its members were morally unsuited, indeed unfit, to hold the highest office in Scotland. No other candidate (and indeed no other prominent Scottish or British politician) has received such scrutiny or criticism on the grounds of their religion or belief. One voice wholly absent in the debate was the Free Church and its people. In this article, then, a senior Free Church minister, and former Moderator of its General Assembly, explores the ‘DNA’ of the Free Church, its historical contribution to Scotland, and where it stands today.","PeriodicalId":43295,"journal":{"name":"Scottish Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48771916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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