Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-56
A. Polivyanchuk, I. Gritsuk, E. Skuridina
. The work is devoted to solving an urgent scientific and prac tical task: establishing mathematical models that describe the effect of operating modes of diesel engines on the content in the exhaust gases of a dangerous pollutant – particulate matter (PM). The purpose of the work has been to create and study the accuracy and practical suitability of the calculation method estimating concentrations and emissions with exhaust gases PM by means of mathematical modeling of the influence on them of param eters that determine steady-state and unsteady diesel operation modes. The following research methods have been used in the work, such as: analysis and synthesis of information, mathematical modeling, experimental studies, and computational experiment. The studies have been carried out on the basis of the motor stand of a 4ChN12/14 autotractor diesel equipped with a partial-flow system for diluting EG with air – MKT-2 microtunnels. Mea surements of mass and volume concentrations – c pt (g/kg) and C pt (g/mn 3 ), mass – PT mass (g/h) and specific – PT p (g/kWh) PM emissions have been carried out by the gravimetric method with errors of ± 3 .. 10% in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents – ISO8178 standard, UNECE Rules R-49, R-96, etc. The parameters, which determine the steady-state modes – the number of revolutions of the engine crankshaft (n, min -1 ) and the load (L,%); in the study of unsteady modes – the parameters n and L and the rate of change over time – Δn/Δt and ΔL/Δt. As a result of studying concentrations and emissions PM at steady operation modes, the type has been selected and the most reliable regression dependence has been established – a second-order polynomial model that allows us to estimate the values of C pt , PT mass and PT p in the ranges of variation of the parameters n and L – 1000 ... 2000 min -1 and 25 ... 100%. The RSM of the established dependencies when determining the indicated values is comparable with the errors of microtunnels MKT-2 and is ± 0.0042 g/mn 3 , ± 2.02 g/h, ± 0.077 g/kWh. A dependence for indirectly determining the mass concentration of PM in the exhaust gases at unsteady diesel operating modes, which are characterized by a duration of 10 ... 30 s and ranges of variation of the parameters n, L, Δn/Δt and ΔL/Δt, given in dimensionless form: 0.4 ... 0.8, 0.3 ... 1.0, -0.2 ... 0.2 and -0.35 ... 0.35, respectively, has been established. The deviation of the calculated and experimental data when using this dependence is ± 0.005 ... 0.006 g/kg, which is comparable with the sensitivity limit of MKT-2. A satisfactory accuracy and practical suitability of the indirect optical-gravimetric method for controlling PM concentrations and emissions at steady-state diesel engine operating modes were proposed and experimentally confirmed.
． 这项工作致力于解决一个紧迫的科学和实际任务:建立数学模型来描述柴油发动机的工作模式对废气中危险污染物-颗粒物(PM)含量的影响。这项工作的目的是通过对决定柴油机稳态和非稳态运行模式的参数对其影响的数学建模，建立和研究估算废气PM浓度和排放量的计算方法的准确性和实用性。研究方法主要有:信息分析与综合、数学建模、实验研究、计算实验等。本研究是在配备部分流动空气稀释系统MKT-2微隧道的4ChN12/14自动拖拉机柴油发动机支架上进行的。质量和体积浓度- c - pt (g/kg)和c - pt (g/mn 3)，质量- pt质量(g/h)和比- pt p (g/kWh)的PM排放已通过重量法进行了测量，误差为±3。10%符合规范性文件要求——ISO8178标准、UNECE规则R-49、R-96等。决定稳态模式的参数-发动机曲轴的转数(n, min -1)和负载(L，%);在非定常模式的研究中-参数n和L以及随时间的变化率- Δn/Δt和ΔL/Δt。通过对稳定运行模式下的PM浓度和排放的研究，选择了最可靠的回归依赖关系-二阶多项式模型，该模型使我们能够在参数n和L - 1000的变化范围内估计cpt, pt质量和pt p的值。2000分钟-1和25…100%。在确定指示值时，所建立的依赖关系的RSM与微隧道MKT-2的误差相当，分别为±0.0042 g/mn 3，±2.02 g/h，±0.077 g/kWh。非定常柴油机工作模式下，间接测定尾气中PM质量浓度的依赖关系，其特征是持续时间为10…参数n、L、Δn/Δt和ΔL/Δt的变化范围，以无因次形式给出:0.4…0.8、0.3……1.0， -0.2…0.2和-0.35…分别为0.35。使用这种依赖关系时，计算数据与实验数据的偏差为±0.005…0.006 g/kg，与MKT-2的灵敏度极限相当。提出了间接光重法在柴油机稳态工况下控制PM浓度和排放的精度和实用性，并进行了实验验证。
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION MODE INFLUENCE ON MASS EMISSION OF PARTICULATE MATTER WITH EXHAUST GASES USING MICROTUNNEL","authors":"A. Polivyanchuk, I. Gritsuk, E. Skuridina","doi":"10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-56","url":null,"abstract":". The work is devoted to solving an urgent scientific and prac tical task: establishing mathematical models that describe the effect of operating modes of diesel engines on the content in the exhaust gases of a dangerous pollutant – particulate matter (PM). The purpose of the work has been to create and study the accuracy and practical suitability of the calculation method estimating concentrations and emissions with exhaust gases PM by means of mathematical modeling of the influence on them of param eters that determine steady-state and unsteady diesel operation modes. The following research methods have been used in the work, such as: analysis and synthesis of information, mathematical modeling, experimental studies, and computational experiment. The studies have been carried out on the basis of the motor stand of a 4ChN12/14 autotractor diesel equipped with a partial-flow system for diluting EG with air – MKT-2 microtunnels. Mea surements of mass and volume concentrations – c pt (g/kg) and C pt (g/mn 3 ), mass – PT mass (g/h) and specific – PT p (g/kWh) PM emissions have been carried out by the gravimetric method with errors of ± 3 .. 10% in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents – ISO8178 standard, UNECE Rules R-49, R-96, etc. The parameters, which determine the steady-state modes – the number of revolutions of the engine crankshaft (n, min -1 ) and the load (L,%); in the study of unsteady modes – the parameters n and L and the rate of change over time – Δn/Δt and ΔL/Δt. As a result of studying concentrations and emissions PM at steady operation modes, the type has been selected and the most reliable regression dependence has been established – a second-order polynomial model that allows us to estimate the values of C pt , PT mass and PT p in the ranges of variation of the parameters n and L – 1000 ... 2000 min -1 and 25 ... 100%. The RSM of the established dependencies when determining the indicated values is comparable with the errors of microtunnels MKT-2 and is ± 0.0042 g/mn 3 , ± 2.02 g/h, ± 0.077 g/kWh. A dependence for indirectly determining the mass concentration of PM in the exhaust gases at unsteady diesel operating modes, which are characterized by a duration of 10 ... 30 s and ranges of variation of the parameters n, L, Δn/Δt and ΔL/Δt, given in dimensionless form: 0.4 ... 0.8, 0.3 ... 1.0, -0.2 ... 0.2 and -0.35 ... 0.35, respectively, has been established. The deviation of the calculated and experimental data when using this dependence is ± 0.005 ... 0.006 g/kg, which is comparable with the sensitivity limit of MKT-2. A satisfactory accuracy and practical suitability of the indirect optical-gravimetric method for controlling PM concentrations and emissions at steady-state diesel engine operating modes were proposed and experimentally confirmed.","PeriodicalId":433372,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and practical aspects of the development of the European Research Area","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116553703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-8
V. Panasyuk, Oksana Chereshnyuk
The accounting estimations are connected with the determination of fair market value of assets, the formation of the doubtful debts allowance, the vacation compensation reserve, the formation of warranty obligations, the defining of net realizable value of stocks, etc. In addition, it should be noted that inflation distorts the financial statements of the enterprise, and the size of the assets value, according to its data, may differ sharply from their market value. This requires a periodic revaluation of property, which allows you to increase the feasibility of financial statements and serves as the basis for making sound management decisions. Professional self-regulatory organizations of valuators in this country are not recognized as the appraisers, as it is done throughout the world. Any of their initiatives regarding the possible distribution of duties and powers among these organizations and the state regulator are blocked by the latter, which defines only the responsibilities, but does not confer any substantive rights. This is due to the fact that the governmental authorities, nevertheless, control the activities of self-regulatory organizations. To remedy the situation, first of all, any certification of the appraisers should be abandoned. That is, the state regulator must finally abolish the existing practice of issuing certificates to the appraisers. Then, it is necessary to increase the range of appraisers – the subjects of legal relations in the field of valuation and balanced distribution of rights, responsibilities and corresponding powers among them. The next step is to abandon the existing practice of the evaluative dualism model.
{"title":"PROBLEMS OF INFORMATIONAL SUPPORT OF VALUATION ACTIVITY","authors":"V. Panasyuk, Oksana Chereshnyuk","doi":"10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-8","url":null,"abstract":"The accounting estimations are connected with the determination of fair market value of assets, the formation of the doubtful debts allowance, the vacation compensation reserve, the formation of warranty obligations, the defining of net realizable value of stocks, etc. In addition, it should be noted that inflation distorts the financial statements of the enterprise, and the size of the assets value, according to its data, may differ sharply from their market value. This requires a periodic revaluation of property, which allows you to increase the feasibility of financial statements and serves as the basis for making sound management decisions. Professional self-regulatory organizations of valuators in this country are not recognized as the appraisers, as it is done throughout the world. Any of their initiatives regarding the possible distribution of duties and powers among these organizations and the state regulator are blocked by the latter, which defines only the responsibilities, but does not confer any substantive rights. This is due to the fact that the governmental authorities, nevertheless, control the activities of self-regulatory organizations. To remedy the situation, first of all, any certification of the appraisers should be abandoned. That is, the state regulator must finally abolish the existing practice of issuing certificates to the appraisers. Then, it is necessary to increase the range of appraisers – the subjects of legal relations in the field of valuation and balanced distribution of rights, responsibilities and corresponding powers among them. The next step is to abandon the existing practice of the evaluative dualism model.","PeriodicalId":433372,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and practical aspects of the development of the European Research Area","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115077174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-21
A. Panasenko, H. Kuznetsova
In the article, we have attempted to analyze the basic principles of English lexical competence formation for future specialists in finance, banking and insurance in the context of information development of society. The main contradictions in the theory and practice of this problem are clarified. Methodology: the theoretical level of research includes such scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and comparison; the empirical methods are observation, method of associations and analogies, and the analytical and synthetic (affirmative) survey. Documents of state importance, scientific and pedagogical, methodological literature are studied according to the rapid development of information and communication technologies in education, the widespread introduction of English in the practical financial sphere. It is proved that the principles of learning should be the basis for the standards, professional programmes creation, and the formulation of their integrated competence, the formation of general and professional competencies of future finance professionals. It is substantiated that among the special competencies, the key is English lexical competence. Among the fundamental principles of formation of English lexical competence there are the basic principle of “knowledge society” and its components: scientificity, consciousness, systematicity and consistency, visualization, continuity and perspective, connection between theory and practice, active interdisciplinary communication (coordination). The electronic services for the implementation of each principle of English
{"title":"PRINCIPLES OF ENGLISH LEXICAL COMPETENCE FORMATION OF FUTURE FINANCIERS ACROSS THE INFORMATION SOCIETY CONTEXT","authors":"A. Panasenko, H. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-21","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, we have attempted to analyze the basic principles of English lexical competence formation for future specialists in finance, banking and insurance in the context of information development of society. The main contradictions in the theory and practice of this problem are clarified. Methodology: the theoretical level of research includes such scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and comparison; the empirical methods are observation, method of associations and analogies, and the analytical and synthetic (affirmative) survey. Documents of state importance, scientific and pedagogical, methodological literature are studied according to the rapid development of information and communication technologies in education, the widespread introduction of English in the practical financial sphere. It is proved that the principles of learning should be the basis for the standards, professional programmes creation, and the formulation of their integrated competence, the formation of general and professional competencies of future finance professionals. It is substantiated that among the special competencies, the key is English lexical competence. Among the fundamental principles of formation of English lexical competence there are the basic principle of “knowledge society” and its components: scientificity, consciousness, systematicity and consistency, visualization, continuity and perspective, connection between theory and practice, active interdisciplinary communication (coordination). The electronic services for the implementation of each principle of English","PeriodicalId":433372,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and practical aspects of the development of the European Research Area","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132845580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-54
A. Zahorulko, Trade., O. Zagorulko
. The main task of the food industry is the full provision of consumer cooperatives with quality food, one of the main sources for the production of which is fruit and berry raw materials. The search for innovative measures to intensify the heat-mass exchange production processes of quality products is needed to solve this problem. The goal of this work is to justify technological and apparatus improvement of the production processes of functional products on the basis of blended fruit and berry concentrated and dried products. The realization of this goal will allow expanding the range of foodstuff with balanced content of biologically-active substances and other physiologically-functional ingredients.For the selection of the optimal blending recipe of fruit and berry raw materials into functional products with predicted structural and mechanical properties, such differential function as particle radius distribution, taking into account the average radius, proposed to use. This method allows to determine the impact of the mass fraction of each component on the change of structural and mechanical characteristics of the proposed multicomponent fruit and vegetable purees and pastes. The technological production process of blended functional fruit and berry concentrated and dried products has been developed, namely apple-based – 50%; dogwood-based 40%; hawthorn-based 10%. This technology is different using gentle temperature modes during pre-234
{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL AND APPARATUS IMPROVEMENT OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESSES OF BLENDED FRUIT AND BERRY FUNCTIONAL PRODUCTS","authors":"A. Zahorulko, Trade., O. Zagorulko","doi":"10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-54","url":null,"abstract":". The main task of the food industry is the full provision of consumer cooperatives with quality food, one of the main sources for the production of which is fruit and berry raw materials. The search for innovative measures to intensify the heat-mass exchange production processes of quality products is needed to solve this problem. The goal of this work is to justify technological and apparatus improvement of the production processes of functional products on the basis of blended fruit and berry concentrated and dried products. The realization of this goal will allow expanding the range of foodstuff with balanced content of biologically-active substances and other physiologically-functional ingredients.For the selection of the optimal blending recipe of fruit and berry raw materials into functional products with predicted structural and mechanical properties, such differential function as particle radius distribution, taking into account the average radius, proposed to use. This method allows to determine the impact of the mass fraction of each component on the change of structural and mechanical characteristics of the proposed multicomponent fruit and vegetable purees and pastes. The technological production process of blended functional fruit and berry concentrated and dried products has been developed, namely apple-based – 50%; dogwood-based 40%; hawthorn-based 10%. This technology is different using gentle temperature modes during pre-234","PeriodicalId":433372,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and practical aspects of the development of the European Research Area","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133704751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-27
N. Levchenko, O. Zosimova
The research deals with biblical hermeneutics in the works of Old Ukrainian literature of the Kyivan period, namely the chronicles and hagiography by Nestor Pecherskyi and the sermons by Kyrylo (Cyril) Turivskyi. Despite the fact that some areas of Old Ukrainian literature have been studied from the point of view of biblical hermeneutics, e.g., in the works of O. Aleksandrov, P. Bilous, and V. Sulyma, thorough research into this field is still necessary. Particular attention must be given to the original and translated literature of the Kyivan period that has not mostly been the object of academic research from this perspective. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the place and role of biblical hermeneutics in the poetics of Old Ukrainian literary texts of the 11th and 12th centuries. The subject of the research is the before-methodological process of the formation and development of biblical hermeneutics as the dominant element which has structured the poetics of literary works of different genres during the Kyivan period. In order to achieve the goal within the framework of the hermeneutic approach, we followed the principles of polysemy, parallelism, paraphrase, two-tier completeness of meanings within the spiritual and corporeal parable, four-sense (literal, allegorical, moral and anagogical) interpretation of the Scriptures and extrapolation of the New Testament from the Old Testament; contextual, symbolic, Christological, typological, metatextual and intertextual principles of biblical interpretation. The research shows that the use of various ways of interpreting biblical texts, plots and images has been not for Nestor, like for any other the Old Kyivan author, only a neutral literary
该研究涉及基辅时期旧乌克兰文学作品中的圣经解释学，即Nestor Pecherskyi的编年史和圣徒传记以及Kyrylo (Cyril) Turivskyi的布道。尽管从圣经解释学的角度研究了旧乌克兰文学的一些领域，例如在O. Aleksandrov, P. Bilous和V. Sulyma的作品中，对这一领域的深入研究仍然是必要的。必须特别注意基辅时期的原始和翻译文学，这些文学大多不是从这一角度进行学术研究的对象。本研究的目的是确定和描述圣经解释学在11世纪和12世纪的旧乌克兰文学文本的诗学中的地位和作用。本研究的主题是《圣经》解释学在方法论之前的形成和发展过程，它是构成基辅时期不同体裁文学作品诗学的主导因素。为了在解释学方法的框架内实现这一目标，我们遵循了多义、平行、释义、精神和肉体比喻的两层意义完整性、四感(字面、寓言、道德和隐喻)圣经解释和旧约旧约外推的原则;圣经解释的语境、象征、基督论、类型、元文本和互文原则。研究表明，使用各种方式解释圣经文本，情节和图像对内斯托尔来说并不像对任何其他旧基辅作家一样，只是一种中立的文学
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