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The Geoeconomics of Belt and Road Disputes: A Case Study on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor “一带一路”争端的地缘经济学——以中巴经济走廊为例
IF 0.8 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000176
M. Mclaughlin
This article argues that the dovetailing economic, geopolitical, and security interests that underpin the Belt and Road Initiative demands a dispute resolution mechanism that focuses on broader interests and legal rights. Using the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as a case study, it identifies the conditions in which Chinese investors could have initiated an investment arbitration but did not. This can be explained by the rights-based orientation of investment treaties failing to reflect the interests of multi-project initiatives. Instead, alternative methods of home state intervention, such as state-funded political risk insurance, are used to protect investors. In other words, the political economy of CPEC investments refuses to utilize hard law mechanisms. Given this context, mediation may be a viable alternative. These circumstances accelerate the trend towards “de-legalization”, which is often cited as an inevitable consequence of the emerging “geoeconomic order” but suggests that reasons other than national security are the cause.
本文认为,支撑“一带一路”倡议的相互关联的经济、地缘政治和安全利益要求建立一个关注更广泛利益和合法权利的争端解决机制。该报告以中巴经济走廊(CPEC)为例,指出了中国投资者本可以提起投资仲裁但却没有提起的条件。这可以解释为投资条约的权利导向未能反映多项目倡议的利益。取而代之的是,国家干预的替代方法,如国家资助的政治风险保险,被用来保护投资者。换句话说,中巴经济走廊投资的政治经济学拒绝使用硬法律机制。在这种情况下,中介可能是一个可行的替代方案。这些情况加速了“去合法化”的趋势,这通常被认为是正在形成的“地缘经济秩序”的必然结果,但似乎国家安全以外的原因是原因。
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引用次数: 0
Sovereignty and the Sea: How Indonesia Became an Archipelagic State by G. BUTCHER John and R.E. ELSON. Singapore: National University of Singapore Press, 2017. xxvi + 560 pp. Hardcover: SG$58.00; Softcover: SG$45.00. 《主权与海洋:印度尼西亚如何成为群岛国》作者:G. BUTCHER John和R.E. ELSON。新加坡:新加坡国立大学出版社,2017。xxvi + 560页精装版:58新元;平装:SG 45.00美元。
IF 0.8 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000164
Eka an Aqimuddin
While reading Sovereignty and the Sea: How Indonesia Became an Archipelagic State , I could not help but reflect on Butcher and Elson ’ s ability to present a detailed picture of the origins of Indonesia, where they analyze the history of Indonesia ’ s protracted diplomatic struggle to become an archipelagic state until its recognition by the international community at the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1982. Further, they plainly describe those involved and how an archipelagic state was conceived, developed, and declared. The evolution of Indonesia ’ s “ Sea Policies ” is discussed chronologically, beginning with the colonial period (Chapter 1) and concluding with the 1982 Montego Bay negotiations (Chapter 17). The discussion is supplemented by a reflection (Chapter 18) and an epilogue (Chapter 19), which explain that Indonesia ’ s diplomatic victory of becoming an archipelagic state was not the end of the story. Instead, it forms a legal basis for advancing towards realizing the ideals articulated in the 13 December 1957 Djuanda Declaration, which signalled Indonesia ’ s intention to become an archipelagic state. This concept resulted from the convergence of brilliant concepts conceived by key Indonesian leaders. Commencing with a conversation between Chairul Saleh (Retired/Veteran Minister) and Mochtar Kusumaatmadja (Territorial Sea Committee/young international law scholar), Chairul urged Mochtar to close the Java Sea as a territorial water. This idea was raised because Indonesia ’ s territorial integrity in the post-colonial era was jeopardized by the presence of Dutch military ships that freely sailed through the Java Sea towards West Irian. Mochtar initially denied Chairul ’ s idea because it violated international law. Chairul then implied that Mochtar was not revolutionary enough and, if this former mindset had prevailed during the colonial period, Indonesia would not have achieved
在阅读《主权与海洋:印度尼西亚如何成为一个群岛国家》时,我不禁反思了布彻和埃尔森对印度尼西亚起源的详细描述,他们在书中分析了印度尼西亚在1982年联合国海洋法会议上被国际社会承认之前,为成为一个群岛国家而进行的旷日持久的外交斗争的历史。此外,它们清楚地描述了相关人员以及群岛国家是如何构想、发展和宣布的。从殖民时期开始(第1章),到1982年蒙特哥湾谈判结束(第17章),按时间顺序讨论了印度尼西亚“海洋政策”的演变。对讨论的补充是反思(第18章)和结语(第19章),它们解释了印度尼西亚成为群岛国家的外交胜利并不是故事的结束。相反,它构成了推动实现1957年12月13日《琼达宣言》所阐述的理想的法律基础,该宣言标志着印度尼西亚打算成为一个群岛国家。这一概念源于印度尼西亚主要领导人构想的杰出概念的融合。Chairul Saleh(退休/资深部长)和Mochtar Kusumaatmadja(领海委员会/年轻的国际法学者)之间的对话开始时,Chairul敦促Mochtar关闭爪哇海作为领海。之所以提出这个想法,是因为在后殖民时代,荷兰军舰自由穿过爪哇海驶向西爱尔兰,危及了印度尼西亚的领土完整。Mochtar最初否认了Chairul的想法,因为这违反了国际法。Chairul随后暗示,Mochtar不够革命,如果这种前一种心态在殖民时期盛行,印度尼西亚就不会实现
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引用次数: 0
The Concept of Security in International Law by NASU Hitoshi. New York, United States: West Point Press, 2022. xxxiii + 261 pp. Open Access. Online: http://westpointpress.com/security-in-international-law NASU Hitoshi的《国际法中的安全概念》。美国纽约:西点军校出版社,2022年。xxxiii+261 pp.开放获取。在线:http://westpointpress.com/security-in-international-law
IF 0.8 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000152
S. McKenzie
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引用次数: 0
Freedom of Overflight: A Study of Coastal State Jurisdiction in International Airspace by Merinda STEWART. Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2021. xx + 293 pp. Hardcover: €140.00. 飞越自由:Merinda STEWART对国际空域中沿海国管辖权的研究。Alphen aan den Rijn,荷兰:Kluwer Law International,2021。xx+293页,精装本:140.00欧元。
IF 0.8 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000140
Jae Woon Lee
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引用次数: 1
Convergence and Divergence of Private Law in Asia edited by Gary LOW. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 350 pp. Hardcover: AUD$160.95; eBook: USD$110.00. doi: 10.1017/9781108566391. 《亚洲私法的趋同与分化》,刘志强主编。剑桥:剑桥大学出版社,2022。350页精装:160.95澳元;电子书:$ 110.00美元。doi: 10.1017 / 9781108566391。
IF 0.8 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1017/S2044251323000127
X. Le
This methodical book offers an in-depth and comprehensive examination of the state of private law in Asia. It comprises a compilation of rich and diverse contributions from foremost specialists in the fields of private law, including contract law, financial law, and commercial law. The authors present a balanced approach that seamlessly integrates theoretical and practical considerations, drawing from a vast array of sources including case law, legislative acts, and academic literature. Chapter 2 discusses how commercial law continues to evolve as a social phenomenon and retains its pluralistic nature, even though uniform laws can offer inspiration and help with cross-border commerce. Subsequently, Godwin ’ s chapter (Chapter 3) evaluates the progress of convergence in financial law, focusing on the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency. The analysis provides valuable insights into the practicality and effectiveness of convergence mechanisms, showing that full convergence is unrealistic and divergences may lead to favourable outcomes.
这本有条不紊的书对亚洲的私法状况进行了深入而全面的考察。它汇集了包括合同法、金融法和商法在内的私法领域最重要专家的丰富多样的贡献。作者提出了一种平衡的方法,将理论和实践考虑无缝结合,从包括判例法、立法法案和学术文献在内的大量来源中汲取经验。第2章讨论了商法如何作为一种社会现象继续发展并保持其多元化性质,尽管统一的法律可以为跨境商业提供灵感和帮助。随后,戈德温的章节(第3章)评估了金融法趋同的进展,重点是联合国国际贸易法委员会跨国界破产示范法。该分析为趋同机制的实用性和有效性提供了宝贵的见解,表明完全趋同是不现实的,分歧可能导致有利的结果。
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引用次数: 0
China's Foreign Investment Legal Regime: Progress and Limitations by Yuwen LI and Cheng BIAN. Oxford, United Kingdom/New York, United States: Routledge, 2022. xiv + 207 pp. Hardcover: £130.00; eBook: £27.29. doi: 10.4324/9781003168805 中国的外商投资法律制度:进展与局限——李宇文、程辩著。英国牛津/美国纽约:劳特利奇,2022年。xiv+207页,精装本:130.00英镑;电子书:27.29英镑。doi:10.4324/9781003168805
IF 0.8 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000139
Xuejie Su
interconnected
相联系
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引用次数: 0
International Judicial Intervention in the Case of Libya: From Justice Enforcer to Peace Maker Right Constituency and Institutional Independence: Virtues of a Fight against Realpolitik 利比亚案件中的国际司法干预:从司法执行者到和平缔造者权利选区和制度独立:对抗现实政治的美德
IF 0.8 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000115
Heidarali Teimouri
This article investigates the case of Libya; the way the International Criminal Court responded to it; what went wrong; and what the Court could learn from the case for its future. It attempts to show that the regime change strategy followed in Libya jeopardized the international criminal justice mandate of the Court, created a failed state conundrum, and rendered the Court's intervention counterproductive. Also, in cases like Libya, where judicial intervention sits alongside military intervention, it is difficult for the Court to claim jurisdiction independent of untamed realpolitik while finding the right constituency, which is an urgent issue that remains unsolved. This research concludes that only a dispute settlement approach oriented towards a peacemaking mandate, and its incorporation into the jurisdiction of the Rome Statute, can protect the Court's independence and international criminal justice promises regarding the different limitations the Court faces.
本文调查了利比亚案件;国际刑事法院对此作出回应的方式;哪里出了问题;以及法院可以从这一案件中为其未来吸取什么教训。它试图表明,在利比亚实行的政权更迭战略危及法院的国际刑事司法任务,造成了一个失败的国家难题,并使法院的干预适得其反。此外,在像利比亚这样的司法干预与军事干预并存的案件中,法院很难在找到合适的选民的同时,独立于不受约束的现实政治主张管辖权,这是一个尚未解决的紧迫问题。这项研究得出的结论是,只有以建立和平任务为导向的争端解决办法,并将其纳入《罗马规约》的管辖范围,才能保护法院的独立性和国际刑事司法对法院面临的不同限制的承诺。
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引用次数: 0
Pan-Asianism, Anti-Imperialism, and International Law in the Early Twentieth Century 泛亚主义、反帝国主义与二十世纪初的国际法
IF 0.8 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000103
M. Shahabuddin
Pan-Asianism as a concept is conventionally associated with Japan's imperialism during the Second World War. This paper, in contrast, argues that far from being merely a language of hegemony, Pan-Asianism had a far more complex role to play in the early twentieth century. As an anti-imperial ideology, Pan-Asianism advanced a normative argument for the emancipation of Asia from Western imperialism and provided an alternative vision of civilization. As an anti-imperial strategy, Pan-Asianism offered Indian nationalist leaders in exile a necessary language to gain international support in favour of their nationalist movement. The paper explains how the ideological and strategic aspects of Pan-Asianism then affected and informed the development of contemporary international law with specific reference to the law of neutrality, the right to self-determination, racial equality, and the Monroe Doctrine. By doing so, it sheds light on an important yet ignored episode of the historical development of international law.
泛亚主义这个概念通常与二战期间日本的帝国主义联系在一起。与此相反,本文认为,泛亚主义远非仅仅是一种霸权语言,它在20世纪初扮演着更为复杂的角色。泛亚主义作为一种反帝国主义思想,为亚洲从西方帝国主义中解放出来提出了规范性论证,并提供了另一种文明视野。作为一种反帝国主义战略,泛亚洲主义为流亡的印度民族主义领导人提供了一种必要的语言,以获得有利于他们民族主义运动的国际支持。本文解释了泛亚洲主义的意识形态和战略方面如何影响并影响了当代国际法的发展,具体涉及中立性法律、自决权、种族平等和门罗主义。通过这样做,它阐明了国际法历史发展中一个重要但被忽视的事件。
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引用次数: 0
Can AI Help Improve Water Quality? Towards the Prediction of Degradation of Micropollutants in Wastewater. 人工智能能帮助改善水质吗?废水中微量污染物降解预测研究。
IF 1.2 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2023.48
Hiroko Satoh, Jasmin Hafner, Jürg Hutter, Kathrin Fenner

Micropollutants have become a serious environmental problem by threatening ecosystems and the quality of drinking water. This account investigates if advanced AI can be used to find solutions for this problem. We review background, the challenges involved, and the current state-of-the-art of quantitative structure-biodegradation relationships (QSBR). We report on recent progress combining experiment, quantum chemistry (QC) and chemoinformatics, and provide a perspective on potential future uses of AI technology to help improve water quality.

微污染物已成为严重的环境问题,威胁着生态系统和饮用水质量。这个帐户调查是否可以使用先进的人工智能来找到解决这个问题的方法。我们回顾了定量结构-生物降解关系(QSBR)的背景、所涉及的挑战和目前的最新进展。我们报告了结合实验、量子化学(QC)和化学信息学的最新进展,并提供了人工智能技术在未来帮助改善水质的潜在应用前景。
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引用次数: 2
Global Counter-Terrorist Financing and Soft Law, Multi-Layered Approaches by GOLDBARSHT Doron. Cheltenham, United Kingdom/Northampton, Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. 272 pp. Hardcover: £90.00; eBook: £25.00. doi: 10.4337/9781789909999 全球反恐融资与软法律,GOLDBARSHT Doron的多层方法。英国切尔滕纳姆/马萨诸塞州北安普敦:爱德华·埃尔加出版社,2020年。272页,精装本:90.00英镑;电子书:25.00英镑。doi:10.4337/99781789909999
IF 0.8 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s204425132300005x
S. Law
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Asian Journal of International Law
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