Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000176
M. Mclaughlin
This article argues that the dovetailing economic, geopolitical, and security interests that underpin the Belt and Road Initiative demands a dispute resolution mechanism that focuses on broader interests and legal rights. Using the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as a case study, it identifies the conditions in which Chinese investors could have initiated an investment arbitration but did not. This can be explained by the rights-based orientation of investment treaties failing to reflect the interests of multi-project initiatives. Instead, alternative methods of home state intervention, such as state-funded political risk insurance, are used to protect investors. In other words, the political economy of CPEC investments refuses to utilize hard law mechanisms. Given this context, mediation may be a viable alternative. These circumstances accelerate the trend towards “de-legalization”, which is often cited as an inevitable consequence of the emerging “geoeconomic order” but suggests that reasons other than national security are the cause.
{"title":"The Geoeconomics of Belt and Road Disputes: A Case Study on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor","authors":"M. Mclaughlin","doi":"10.1017/s2044251323000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s2044251323000176","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article argues that the dovetailing economic, geopolitical, and security interests that underpin the Belt and Road Initiative demands a dispute resolution mechanism that focuses on broader interests and legal rights. Using the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as a case study, it identifies the conditions in which Chinese investors could have initiated an investment arbitration but did not. This can be explained by the rights-based orientation of investment treaties failing to reflect the interests of multi-project initiatives. Instead, alternative methods of home state intervention, such as state-funded political risk insurance, are used to protect investors. In other words, the political economy of CPEC investments refuses to utilize hard law mechanisms. Given this context, mediation may be a viable alternative. These circumstances accelerate the trend towards “de-legalization”, which is often cited as an inevitable consequence of the emerging “geoeconomic order” but suggests that reasons other than national security are the cause.","PeriodicalId":43342,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44172458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000164
Eka an Aqimuddin
While reading Sovereignty and the Sea: How Indonesia Became an Archipelagic State , I could not help but reflect on Butcher and Elson ’ s ability to present a detailed picture of the origins of Indonesia, where they analyze the history of Indonesia ’ s protracted diplomatic struggle to become an archipelagic state until its recognition by the international community at the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1982. Further, they plainly describe those involved and how an archipelagic state was conceived, developed, and declared. The evolution of Indonesia ’ s “ Sea Policies ” is discussed chronologically, beginning with the colonial period (Chapter 1) and concluding with the 1982 Montego Bay negotiations (Chapter 17). The discussion is supplemented by a reflection (Chapter 18) and an epilogue (Chapter 19), which explain that Indonesia ’ s diplomatic victory of becoming an archipelagic state was not the end of the story. Instead, it forms a legal basis for advancing towards realizing the ideals articulated in the 13 December 1957 Djuanda Declaration, which signalled Indonesia ’ s intention to become an archipelagic state. This concept resulted from the convergence of brilliant concepts conceived by key Indonesian leaders. Commencing with a conversation between Chairul Saleh (Retired/Veteran Minister) and Mochtar Kusumaatmadja (Territorial Sea Committee/young international law scholar), Chairul urged Mochtar to close the Java Sea as a territorial water. This idea was raised because Indonesia ’ s territorial integrity in the post-colonial era was jeopardized by the presence of Dutch military ships that freely sailed through the Java Sea towards West Irian. Mochtar initially denied Chairul ’ s idea because it violated international law. Chairul then implied that Mochtar was not revolutionary enough and, if this former mindset had prevailed during the colonial period, Indonesia would not have achieved
{"title":"Sovereignty and the Sea: How Indonesia Became an Archipelagic State by G. BUTCHER John and R.E. ELSON. Singapore: National University of Singapore Press, 2017. xxvi + 560 pp. Hardcover: SG$58.00; Softcover: SG$45.00.","authors":"Eka an Aqimuddin","doi":"10.1017/s2044251323000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s2044251323000164","url":null,"abstract":"While reading Sovereignty and the Sea: How Indonesia Became an Archipelagic State , I could not help but reflect on Butcher and Elson ’ s ability to present a detailed picture of the origins of Indonesia, where they analyze the history of Indonesia ’ s protracted diplomatic struggle to become an archipelagic state until its recognition by the international community at the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1982. Further, they plainly describe those involved and how an archipelagic state was conceived, developed, and declared. The evolution of Indonesia ’ s “ Sea Policies ” is discussed chronologically, beginning with the colonial period (Chapter 1) and concluding with the 1982 Montego Bay negotiations (Chapter 17). The discussion is supplemented by a reflection (Chapter 18) and an epilogue (Chapter 19), which explain that Indonesia ’ s diplomatic victory of becoming an archipelagic state was not the end of the story. Instead, it forms a legal basis for advancing towards realizing the ideals articulated in the 13 December 1957 Djuanda Declaration, which signalled Indonesia ’ s intention to become an archipelagic state. This concept resulted from the convergence of brilliant concepts conceived by key Indonesian leaders. Commencing with a conversation between Chairul Saleh (Retired/Veteran Minister) and Mochtar Kusumaatmadja (Territorial Sea Committee/young international law scholar), Chairul urged Mochtar to close the Java Sea as a territorial water. This idea was raised because Indonesia ’ s territorial integrity in the post-colonial era was jeopardized by the presence of Dutch military ships that freely sailed through the Java Sea towards West Irian. Mochtar initially denied Chairul ’ s idea because it violated international law. Chairul then implied that Mochtar was not revolutionary enough and, if this former mindset had prevailed during the colonial period, Indonesia would not have achieved","PeriodicalId":43342,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of International Law","volume":"13 1","pages":"397 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42990489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000152
S. McKenzie
{"title":"The Concept of Security in International Law by NASU Hitoshi. New York, United States: West Point Press, 2022. xxxiii + 261 pp. Open Access. Online: http://westpointpress.com/security-in-international-law","authors":"S. McKenzie","doi":"10.1017/s2044251323000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s2044251323000152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43342,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of International Law","volume":"13 1","pages":"409 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48383474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000140
Jae Woon Lee
{"title":"Freedom of Overflight: A Study of Coastal State Jurisdiction in International Airspace by Merinda STEWART. Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2021. xx + 293 pp. Hardcover: €140.00.","authors":"Jae Woon Lee","doi":"10.1017/s2044251323000140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s2044251323000140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43342,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of International Law","volume":"13 1","pages":"411 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43132069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1017/S2044251323000127
X. Le
This methodical book offers an in-depth and comprehensive examination of the state of private law in Asia. It comprises a compilation of rich and diverse contributions from foremost specialists in the fields of private law, including contract law, financial law, and commercial law. The authors present a balanced approach that seamlessly integrates theoretical and practical considerations, drawing from a vast array of sources including case law, legislative acts, and academic literature. Chapter 2 discusses how commercial law continues to evolve as a social phenomenon and retains its pluralistic nature, even though uniform laws can offer inspiration and help with cross-border commerce. Subsequently, Godwin ’ s chapter (Chapter 3) evaluates the progress of convergence in financial law, focusing on the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency. The analysis provides valuable insights into the practicality and effectiveness of convergence mechanisms, showing that full convergence is unrealistic and divergences may lead to favourable outcomes.
{"title":"Convergence and Divergence of Private Law in Asia edited by Gary LOW. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 350 pp. Hardcover: AUD$160.95; eBook: USD$110.00. doi: 10.1017/9781108566391.","authors":"X. Le","doi":"10.1017/S2044251323000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2044251323000127","url":null,"abstract":"This methodical book offers an in-depth and comprehensive examination of the state of private law in Asia. It comprises a compilation of rich and diverse contributions from foremost specialists in the fields of private law, including contract law, financial law, and commercial law. The authors present a balanced approach that seamlessly integrates theoretical and practical considerations, drawing from a vast array of sources including case law, legislative acts, and academic literature. Chapter 2 discusses how commercial law continues to evolve as a social phenomenon and retains its pluralistic nature, even though uniform laws can offer inspiration and help with cross-border commerce. Subsequently, Godwin ’ s chapter (Chapter 3) evaluates the progress of convergence in financial law, focusing on the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency. The analysis provides valuable insights into the practicality and effectiveness of convergence mechanisms, showing that full convergence is unrealistic and divergences may lead to favourable outcomes.","PeriodicalId":43342,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of International Law","volume":"13 1","pages":"414 - 415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43480806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000139
Xuejie Su
interconnected
相联系
{"title":"China's Foreign Investment Legal Regime: Progress and Limitations by Yuwen LI and Cheng BIAN. Oxford, United Kingdom/New York, United States: Routledge, 2022. xiv + 207 pp. Hardcover: £130.00; eBook: £27.29. doi: 10.4324/9781003168805","authors":"Xuejie Su","doi":"10.1017/s2044251323000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s2044251323000139","url":null,"abstract":"interconnected","PeriodicalId":43342,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of International Law","volume":"13 1","pages":"407 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45354564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000115
Heidarali Teimouri
This article investigates the case of Libya; the way the International Criminal Court responded to it; what went wrong; and what the Court could learn from the case for its future. It attempts to show that the regime change strategy followed in Libya jeopardized the international criminal justice mandate of the Court, created a failed state conundrum, and rendered the Court's intervention counterproductive. Also, in cases like Libya, where judicial intervention sits alongside military intervention, it is difficult for the Court to claim jurisdiction independent of untamed realpolitik while finding the right constituency, which is an urgent issue that remains unsolved. This research concludes that only a dispute settlement approach oriented towards a peacemaking mandate, and its incorporation into the jurisdiction of the Rome Statute, can protect the Court's independence and international criminal justice promises regarding the different limitations the Court faces.
{"title":"International Judicial Intervention in the Case of Libya: From Justice Enforcer to Peace Maker Right Constituency and Institutional Independence: Virtues of a Fight against Realpolitik","authors":"Heidarali Teimouri","doi":"10.1017/s2044251323000115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s2044251323000115","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article investigates the case of Libya; the way the International Criminal Court responded to it; what went wrong; and what the Court could learn from the case for its future. It attempts to show that the regime change strategy followed in Libya jeopardized the international criminal justice mandate of the Court, created a failed state conundrum, and rendered the Court's intervention counterproductive. Also, in cases like Libya, where judicial intervention sits alongside military intervention, it is difficult for the Court to claim jurisdiction independent of untamed realpolitik while finding the right constituency, which is an urgent issue that remains unsolved. This research concludes that only a dispute settlement approach oriented towards a peacemaking mandate, and its incorporation into the jurisdiction of the Rome Statute, can protect the Court's independence and international criminal justice promises regarding the different limitations the Court faces.","PeriodicalId":43342,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47671680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1017/s2044251323000103
M. Shahabuddin
Pan-Asianism as a concept is conventionally associated with Japan's imperialism during the Second World War. This paper, in contrast, argues that far from being merely a language of hegemony, Pan-Asianism had a far more complex role to play in the early twentieth century. As an anti-imperial ideology, Pan-Asianism advanced a normative argument for the emancipation of Asia from Western imperialism and provided an alternative vision of civilization. As an anti-imperial strategy, Pan-Asianism offered Indian nationalist leaders in exile a necessary language to gain international support in favour of their nationalist movement. The paper explains how the ideological and strategic aspects of Pan-Asianism then affected and informed the development of contemporary international law with specific reference to the law of neutrality, the right to self-determination, racial equality, and the Monroe Doctrine. By doing so, it sheds light on an important yet ignored episode of the historical development of international law.
{"title":"Pan-Asianism, Anti-Imperialism, and International Law in the Early Twentieth Century","authors":"M. Shahabuddin","doi":"10.1017/s2044251323000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s2044251323000103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pan-Asianism as a concept is conventionally associated with Japan's imperialism during the Second World War. This paper, in contrast, argues that far from being merely a language of hegemony, Pan-Asianism had a far more complex role to play in the early twentieth century. As an anti-imperial ideology, Pan-Asianism advanced a normative argument for the emancipation of Asia from Western imperialism and provided an alternative vision of civilization. As an anti-imperial strategy, Pan-Asianism offered Indian nationalist leaders in exile a necessary language to gain international support in favour of their nationalist movement. The paper explains how the ideological and strategic aspects of Pan-Asianism then affected and informed the development of contemporary international law with specific reference to the law of neutrality, the right to self-determination, racial equality, and the Monroe Doctrine. By doing so, it sheds light on an important yet ignored episode of the historical development of international law.","PeriodicalId":43342,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of International Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46143758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micropollutants have become a serious environmental problem by threatening ecosystems and the quality of drinking water. This account investigates if advanced AI can be used to find solutions for this problem. We review background, the challenges involved, and the current state-of-the-art of quantitative structure-biodegradation relationships (QSBR). We report on recent progress combining experiment, quantum chemistry (QC) and chemoinformatics, and provide a perspective on potential future uses of AI technology to help improve water quality.
{"title":"Can AI Help Improve Water Quality? Towards the Prediction of Degradation of Micropollutants in Wastewater.","authors":"Hiroko Satoh, Jasmin Hafner, Jürg Hutter, Kathrin Fenner","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2023.48","DOIUrl":"10.2533/chimia.2023.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micropollutants have become a serious environmental problem by threatening ecosystems and the quality of drinking water. This account investigates if advanced AI can be used to find solutions for this problem. We review background, the challenges involved, and the current state-of-the-art of quantitative structure-biodegradation relationships (QSBR). We report on recent progress combining experiment, quantum chemistry (QC) and chemoinformatics, and provide a perspective on potential future uses of AI technology to help improve water quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":43342,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of International Law","volume":"4 1","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79361898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}