{"title":"How a Geological Engineer Became Fluent in 'O'odham and Published an Authoritative Tome on the 'O'odham Language of Place","authors":"Harry J. Winters, D. Yetman","doi":"10.1353/jsw.2020.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2020.0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43344,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST","volume":"62 1","pages":"618 - 678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jsw.2020.0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44018105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1954, members of a U.S. Special Senate Subcommittee traveled to El Paso, Texas, to study the issue of juvenile delinquency along the U.S.-Mexico border. The local paper, the El Paso Herald-Post, reported on the senators’ findings, claiming they uncovered a terrifying problem of delinquency among American teens who lived near Mexican border towns. In cities like Tijuana and Juarez, it declared, American “juveniles have been able to attain liquor, marihuana, barbiturates, heroin, and pornographic literature. Prostitution is wide open. There are steerers on every corner.” The article blamed the region’s close proximity to Mexico for the spread of delinquency among American teens: “We know the Mexican bordertowns help contribute to juvenile delinquency,” as did the growing number of “juvenile wetbacks” crossing into the U.S. The problem appeared to be so severe that senators were considering national legislation to bar anyone under the age of twenty-one from crossing the border into Mexico unaccompanied. Modeling their proposal on local policies already in place in San Diego, authorities warned that if they did not take decisive steps to control the national line, American youth would be at further risk.2 After all, American teens had become “troubled, drug-addicted, criminal oriented, and preoccupied with sex.”3 Border towns, it seems, were no place for them. This article explores national debates over juvenile delinquency as they emerged in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands during the post–World War II period. In doing so, it contributes to a robust literature that examines the rise of juvenile delinquency from multiple perspectives. As several historians have documented, postwar prosperity—when coupled with Cold War hysteria, economic transition, mass migration, and changes in family dynamics—helped spark fears that delinquency among teens was on the rise.4 Historians such as Matthew Lassiter have also detailed
{"title":"Rebels with a Cause: Policing Juvenile Delinquency in the Southwest Borderlands","authors":"Holly M. Karibo","doi":"10.1353/jsw.2020.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2020.0021","url":null,"abstract":"In 1954, members of a U.S. Special Senate Subcommittee traveled to El Paso, Texas, to study the issue of juvenile delinquency along the U.S.-Mexico border. The local paper, the El Paso Herald-Post, reported on the senators’ findings, claiming they uncovered a terrifying problem of delinquency among American teens who lived near Mexican border towns. In cities like Tijuana and Juarez, it declared, American “juveniles have been able to attain liquor, marihuana, barbiturates, heroin, and pornographic literature. Prostitution is wide open. There are steerers on every corner.” The article blamed the region’s close proximity to Mexico for the spread of delinquency among American teens: “We know the Mexican bordertowns help contribute to juvenile delinquency,” as did the growing number of “juvenile wetbacks” crossing into the U.S. The problem appeared to be so severe that senators were considering national legislation to bar anyone under the age of twenty-one from crossing the border into Mexico unaccompanied. Modeling their proposal on local policies already in place in San Diego, authorities warned that if they did not take decisive steps to control the national line, American youth would be at further risk.2 After all, American teens had become “troubled, drug-addicted, criminal oriented, and preoccupied with sex.”3 Border towns, it seems, were no place for them. This article explores national debates over juvenile delinquency as they emerged in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands during the post–World War II period. In doing so, it contributes to a robust literature that examines the rise of juvenile delinquency from multiple perspectives. As several historians have documented, postwar prosperity—when coupled with Cold War hysteria, economic transition, mass migration, and changes in family dynamics—helped spark fears that delinquency among teens was on the rise.4 Historians such as Matthew Lassiter have also detailed","PeriodicalId":43344,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST","volume":"62 1","pages":"515 - 542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jsw.2020.0021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48868241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On a clear Saturday afternoon in 1947, two Yavapai members of Arizona’s Fort McDowell Reservation walked into the Maricopa County registrar’s office fully intent on registering to vote as Democrats for the upcoming election. World War II veteran Frank Harrison and tribal chairman Harry Austin, like so many other Americans, looked to the ballot box not only as a chance to participate in the political process but also as an opportunity to influence meaningful change in their everyday lives and the lives of fellow Indians on the reservation. Yet, Harrison and Austin’s hopes were quickly dashed as the county recorder, Roger G. Laveen, rejected their application citing section 2, article 7, of the Arizona State Constitution, which stipulated American Indians were clearly “persons under guardianship” of the United States and therefore ineligible to vote.1 Unsatisfied, both men entered into a long legal battle in an effort to appeal such discriminatory legislation and rectify the disenfranchisement of American Indians in Arizona. The lawsuit eventually reached the Arizona Supreme Court where the plaintiffs won a substantial victory in favor of Indigenous civil rights. The case garnered national attention and support from myriad organizations. The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), and the U.S. assistant attorney general all offered amicus curiae both in defense of Indians’ right to vote and in opposition to the County’s biased law. The significance of Harrison v. Laveen cannot be overemphasized as it reflects the prisms of race, status, and citizenship occurring during the late 1940s, and showcases the pivotal steps American Indians took in shaping their destiny through legal means. Harrison and Austin’s lawsuit emerged almost a quarter century after the passage of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, which granted all
{"title":"The Landmark Decision of Harrison v. Laveen: Arizona Indians and the Right to Vote","authors":"Kevin T. Guay","doi":"10.1353/jsw.2020.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2020.0018","url":null,"abstract":"On a clear Saturday afternoon in 1947, two Yavapai members of Arizona’s Fort McDowell Reservation walked into the Maricopa County registrar’s office fully intent on registering to vote as Democrats for the upcoming election. World War II veteran Frank Harrison and tribal chairman Harry Austin, like so many other Americans, looked to the ballot box not only as a chance to participate in the political process but also as an opportunity to influence meaningful change in their everyday lives and the lives of fellow Indians on the reservation. Yet, Harrison and Austin’s hopes were quickly dashed as the county recorder, Roger G. Laveen, rejected their application citing section 2, article 7, of the Arizona State Constitution, which stipulated American Indians were clearly “persons under guardianship” of the United States and therefore ineligible to vote.1 Unsatisfied, both men entered into a long legal battle in an effort to appeal such discriminatory legislation and rectify the disenfranchisement of American Indians in Arizona. The lawsuit eventually reached the Arizona Supreme Court where the plaintiffs won a substantial victory in favor of Indigenous civil rights. The case garnered national attention and support from myriad organizations. The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), and the U.S. assistant attorney general all offered amicus curiae both in defense of Indians’ right to vote and in opposition to the County’s biased law. The significance of Harrison v. Laveen cannot be overemphasized as it reflects the prisms of race, status, and citizenship occurring during the late 1940s, and showcases the pivotal steps American Indians took in shaping their destiny through legal means. Harrison and Austin’s lawsuit emerged almost a quarter century after the passage of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, which granted all","PeriodicalId":43344,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST","volume":"62 1","pages":"586 - 617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jsw.2020.0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42840074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wayfinding in a Wasteland: An Exploration of Embodiment in the Master-Planned Community of Rancho Vistoso","authors":"T. Miller","doi":"10.1353/jsw.2020.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2020.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43344,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST","volume":"62 1","pages":"566 - 585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jsw.2020.0023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44394588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study examines the role played by the Society of Friends (Quakers) in the development of rural education in the Comcáac (Seri) indigenous community of Desemboque, Sonora, during the 1950s. It highlights the different levels at which state institutions operated and the multiple actors involved in the negotiation of government policies and programs. I argue that the influence of the religious association known as the Society of Friends compelled regional government authorities and other sectors of Sonoran society to address the major issues and struggles affecting the Comcáac in the post–World War II era.
{"title":"The Social Work of the Society of Friends in the Seri Community of Desemboque (1948–1957)","authors":"Ana Luz Ramírez Zavala","doi":"10.1353/jsw.2020.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2020.0022","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the role played by the Society of Friends (Quakers) in the development of rural education in the Comcáac (Seri) indigenous community of Desemboque, Sonora, during the 1950s. It highlights the different levels at which state institutions operated and the multiple actors involved in the negotiation of government policies and programs. I argue that the influence of the religious association known as the Society of Friends compelled regional government authorities and other sectors of Sonoran society to address the major issues and struggles affecting the Comcáac in the post–World War II era.","PeriodicalId":43344,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST","volume":"62 1","pages":"543 - 565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jsw.2020.0022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47108905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"History of the Sif Oidak District, Tohono 'O'odham Nation","authors":"Harry J. Winters","doi":"10.1353/jsw.2020.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2020.0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43344,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST","volume":"62 1","pages":"679 - 708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jsw.2020.0020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66595829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Other 1940 Expedition to the Sea of Cortez: E. Yale Dawson","authors":"R. McCourt, Josie Iselin","doi":"10.1353/jsw.2020.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2020.0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43344,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST","volume":"62 1","pages":"467 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jsw.2020.0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43038648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ed Ricketts: From Pacific Tides to the Sea of Cortez","authors":"D. Kohrs","doi":"10.1353/jsw.2020.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2020.0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43344,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST","volume":"62 1","pages":"373 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jsw.2020.0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48905944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sea of Cortez: Recollections and Reflections","authors":"R. Astro","doi":"10.1353/jsw.2020.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2020.0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43344,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST","volume":"62 1","pages":"496 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jsw.2020.0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44416194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To Look from Heliaster to the Stars and then Back to the Tide Pool","authors":"Susan Shillinglaw","doi":"10.1353/jsw.2020.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2020.0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43344,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST","volume":"62 1","pages":"450 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jsw.2020.0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44858892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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