D. Gałuszka, Angelika Poznańska, Marcin Kunecki, Robert Gałązkowski, K. Nadolny
{"title":"MENINGITIS − CASE REPORT","authors":"D. Gałuszka, Angelika Poznańska, Marcin Kunecki, Robert Gałązkowski, K. Nadolny","doi":"10.36740/emems201903106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/emems201903106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":433523,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medical Service","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115181410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maciej Latos, Marceli Solecki, Artur Szymczak, Grzegorz Cichowlas, D. Kosson
Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) play a particularly important role in Emergency Departments (ED), during the administration of anesthesia in the operating room, in post-operative and monitored wards of various specialties, in cases when the patient requires access to the vein due to intensive and varied intravenous therapy. Using short peripheral intravenous catheters carries a high risk of complications, despite their prevalence and staff experience. Patients with DIVA require a comprehensive approach not only during elective (scheduled) intravenous therapy, but also in the aforementioned departments and during emergency interventions in case of deterioration in Non-Intensive-Care-Units. Emergency intravenous access is required for the implementation of many procedures, so it is reasonable to introduce methods that increase the safety and quality of therapy. Midline catheters (MCs) are becoming increas¬ingly popular in Poland. However, based on our experience, they are not the optimal solution in every situation. “Mini-midlines” can be clinically useful in patients with DIVA whose therapy is expected to exceed 5 days. They may be applied in patients who require a secure and rapid insertion of the cannula into the vein and greater fluid flow than via a classic MC. Regardless of the equipment used, the ultrasound-guided mini-midline implantation procedure is simple and quick. Based on available research and experience at our centres, we follow a management regimen for patients who arrive in the ED, have no intravenous access and the team is faced with the clinical dilemma of choosing which cannulation method should be used. Proper patient enrollment and subsequent cannula maintenance increases the quality of care and patient satisfaction. It is advisable to introduce local protocols for selecting appropriate intravenous access and to run prospective studies regarding the topic under discussion.
{"title":"“MINI-MIDLINE”: VASCULAR ACCESS IN SPECIFIC SITUATIONS","authors":"Maciej Latos, Marceli Solecki, Artur Szymczak, Grzegorz Cichowlas, D. Kosson","doi":"10.36740/emems202301107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/emems202301107","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) play a particularly important role in Emergency Departments (ED), during the administration of anesthesia in the operating room, in post-operative and monitored wards of various specialties, in cases when the patient requires access to the vein due to intensive and varied intravenous therapy. Using short peripheral intravenous catheters carries a high risk of complications, despite their prevalence and staff experience. Patients with DIVA require a comprehensive approach not only during elective (scheduled) intravenous therapy, but also in the aforementioned departments and during emergency interventions in case of deterioration in Non-Intensive-Care-Units. Emergency intravenous access is required for the implementation of many procedures, so it is reasonable to introduce methods that increase the safety and quality of therapy. Midline catheters (MCs) are becoming increas¬ingly popular in Poland. However, based on our experience, they are not the optimal solution in every situation. “Mini-midlines” can be clinically useful in patients with DIVA whose therapy is expected to exceed 5 days. They may be applied in patients who require a secure and rapid insertion of the cannula into the vein and greater fluid flow than via a classic MC. Regardless of the equipment used, the ultrasound-guided mini-midline implantation procedure is simple and quick. Based on available research and experience at our centres, we follow a management regimen for patients who arrive in the ED, have no intravenous access and the team is faced with the clinical dilemma of choosing which cannulation method should be used. Proper patient enrollment and subsequent cannula maintenance increases the quality of care and patient satisfaction. It is advisable to introduce local protocols for selecting appropriate intravenous access and to run prospective studies regarding the topic under discussion.","PeriodicalId":433523,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medical Service","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114225527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Gębka, J. Głogowska-Szeląg, J. Adamczyk, Dorota Gębka
Fournier’s gangrene ( FG ) is a necrotizing inflammation of the penis, scrotum and perineum subcutaneous tissues, that frequently spreads to the anterior abdominal wall and the upper surfaces of the thighs. Despite being an extremely rare disease, it has a very high mortality rate. It is one of the most difficult emergency conditions in urology. Infec¬tion is the most common cause of Fournier gangrene development. Men who have diabetes, use immunosuppressive therapy or abuse alcohol and steroids are especially vulnerable. Early detection and treatment are critical because the developing infection causes severe necrosis, septic shock and leads to death. Therefore, it is important to correctly diagnose the disease while still in the emergency department or emergency room. A review of the literature on diag¬nosis, therapy, and prognosis, as well as the role of Hospital Emergency Departments in the therapeutic process, was conducted in this review paper.
{"title":"FOURNIER’S GANGRENE – A LIFE THREATENING UROLOGICAL EMERGENCY","authors":"N. Gębka, J. Głogowska-Szeląg, J. Adamczyk, Dorota Gębka","doi":"10.36740/emems202204101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/emems202204101","url":null,"abstract":"Fournier’s gangrene ( FG ) is a necrotizing inflammation of the penis, scrotum and perineum subcutaneous tissues, that frequently spreads to the anterior abdominal wall and the upper surfaces of the thighs. Despite being an extremely rare disease, it has a very high mortality rate. It is one of the most difficult emergency conditions in urology. Infec¬tion is the most common cause of Fournier gangrene development. Men who have diabetes, use immunosuppressive therapy or abuse alcohol and steroids are especially vulnerable. Early detection and treatment are critical because the developing infection causes severe necrosis, septic shock and leads to death. Therefore, it is important to correctly diagnose the disease while still in the emergency department or emergency room. A review of the literature on diag¬nosis, therapy, and prognosis, as well as the role of Hospital Emergency Departments in the therapeutic process, was conducted in this review paper.","PeriodicalId":433523,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medical Service","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125949261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daria Kubik-Machura, Aleksandra Kuć, Klaudia Kościelecka, T. Męcik-Kronenberg
For every woman, childbirth is a multifaceted and unique experience that can be associated with both positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, faith, and negative feelings – fear, anxiety, anxiety, but also physical effects. Fear of childbirth is a common problem affecting women’s well-being and health, prevalence of tocophobia continues to increase and var¬ies from country to country. The aim of this review was to summarize published studies on the prevalence of childbirth anxiety in women and how it is defined, its possible causes and effects, and to look for different methods of manage¬ment. The research area described is complex and difficult to interpret when there is no consensus on a precise and clear definition of tocophobia. What is certain, however, is that every woman, whether with suspected tocophobia or not, should be treated individually and receive specialist care at every stage of pregnancy and the postpartum period.
{"title":"TOCOPHOBIA – SHORT REVIEW OF CURRENT LITERATURE","authors":"Daria Kubik-Machura, Aleksandra Kuć, Klaudia Kościelecka, T. Męcik-Kronenberg","doi":"10.36740/emems202204105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/emems202204105","url":null,"abstract":"For every woman, childbirth is a multifaceted and unique experience that can be associated with both positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, faith, and negative feelings – fear, anxiety, anxiety, but also physical effects. Fear of childbirth is a common problem affecting women’s well-being and health, prevalence of tocophobia continues to increase and var¬ies from country to country. The aim of this review was to summarize published studies on the prevalence of childbirth anxiety in women and how it is defined, its possible causes and effects, and to look for different methods of manage¬ment. The research area described is complex and difficult to interpret when there is no consensus on a precise and clear definition of tocophobia. What is certain, however, is that every woman, whether with suspected tocophobia or not, should be treated individually and receive specialist care at every stage of pregnancy and the postpartum period.","PeriodicalId":433523,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medical Service","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121783316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All-Ukrainian scientific-practical correspondence conference with international participation “Emergency and urgent medicine in Ukraine: organizational, legal, clinical aspects”. February 26, 2021, Poltava, Ukraine. ABSTRACTS WERE PUBLISHED IN THE ALPHABETICAL ORDER OF AUTHORS’ LAST NAMES
{"title":"ABSTRACT BOOK","authors":"D. Heylen","doi":"10.36740/emems202102108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/emems202102108","url":null,"abstract":"All-Ukrainian scientific-practical correspondence conference with international participation “Emergency and urgent medicine in Ukraine: organizational, legal, clinical aspects”. February 26, 2021, Poltava, Ukraine.\u0000ABSTRACTS WERE PUBLISHED IN THE ALPHABETICAL ORDER OF AUTHORS’ LAST NAMES","PeriodicalId":433523,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medical Service","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131766178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Gospodarczyk, A. Gospodarczyk, K. Marczewski, Michał Widuch
The feeling of pain accompanies a significant proportion of Medical Emergency Teams (METs) and emergency depart¬ment patients, especially those with trauma. Modern medicine focuses on combating this unpleasant sensation, as it can negatively affect the patient’s condition. Paramedics, who are the first on the scene, in today’s emergency care system work in primary teams, i.e. without a doctor, so it is their responsibility to implement appropriate pharmacotherapy. Assessment and treatment of pain in the pre-hospital care setting are among the key aspects of the role of paramedics. In view of the scarcity of diagnostic tools, decisions are made on the basis of simple clinical tests, so the knowledge and experience of medical personnel seem to be paramount here. It is important to keep in mind the current state of the pa¬tient, as well as potential disorders that may occur during transport to the hospital. Massive injuries to organs, multiple areas of the body, as well as an advanced stage of disease, require the administration of strong analgesics. The use of appropriate analgesia in the prehospital setting, significantly improves the patient’s comfort and often contributes to a huge improvement in the clinical condition. Undertaking pain management from an ethical and moral point of view is one of the essential tasks of medical personnel, and also demonstrates commitment and professionalism.
{"title":"PAIN TREATMENT IN THE PRACTICE OF PARAMEDICS","authors":"N. Gospodarczyk, A. Gospodarczyk, K. Marczewski, Michał Widuch","doi":"10.36740/emems202204106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/emems202204106","url":null,"abstract":"The feeling of pain accompanies a significant proportion of Medical Emergency Teams (METs) and emergency depart¬ment patients, especially those with trauma. Modern medicine focuses on combating this unpleasant sensation, as it can negatively affect the patient’s condition. Paramedics, who are the first on the scene, in today’s emergency care system work in primary teams, i.e. without a doctor, so it is their responsibility to implement appropriate pharmacotherapy. Assessment and treatment of pain in the pre-hospital care setting are among the key aspects of the role of paramedics. In view of the scarcity of diagnostic tools, decisions are made on the basis of simple clinical tests, so the knowledge and experience of medical personnel seem to be paramount here. It is important to keep in mind the current state of the pa¬tient, as well as potential disorders that may occur during transport to the hospital. Massive injuries to organs, multiple areas of the body, as well as an advanced stage of disease, require the administration of strong analgesics. The use of appropriate analgesia in the prehospital setting, significantly improves the patient’s comfort and often contributes to a huge improvement in the clinical condition. Undertaking pain management from an ethical and moral point of view is one of the essential tasks of medical personnel, and also demonstrates commitment and professionalism.","PeriodicalId":433523,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medical Service","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128320621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effectiveness of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation\u0000by officer cadets after actions of a tactical nature","authors":"Beata Zysiak-Christ","doi":"10.36740/emems201901101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/emems201901101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":433523,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medical Service","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114991058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Małgorzata Timler, Katarzyna Szwabe, Wojciech Timler, D. Timler
Aim: To present the population of patients admitted to the Emergency Department in whom their attending physician decided to assess PCT level. Material and methods: All data were collected between 01/04/2022 and 30/04/2022. The inclusion criterion was performed PCT measurement at admission to the Emergency Department. The following data were noted: age, gender, temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, SpO2, respiratory rate, Glasgow Coma Scale, the diagnosis: pneumonia, infection tractus urinary, diabetes, SARS-Cov-2 infection, PCT level, C-reactive protein level, leucocyte level, glomerular filtration rate. PCT upper normal limit was 0.05 μg/L, C- reactive protein upper limit was 5 mg/dL and leucite number was between 4 and 10 G/dL. Results: PCT level was increased in 68 (83%) of the studied group. The patients with increased PCT level are older, have lower blood pressure and more often increased C-reactive protein concentration. These patients tended to have increased in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: PCT level was increased in the majority of patients in whom this parameter was assessed by emergency physicians. Abnormal leucocyte number and the presence of temperature above 37 Celsius degree had no prediction value of presence of increased PCT. Increased PCT level may indicate the increased risk of the in hospital death. Simple guidelines for PCT usage need to be created and implemented in everyday clinical practice.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH PROCALCITONIN MEASUREMENTS DURING EARLY DIAGNOSIS PROCESS","authors":"Małgorzata Timler, Katarzyna Szwabe, Wojciech Timler, D. Timler","doi":"10.36740/emems202202102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/emems202202102","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To present the population of patients admitted to the Emergency Department in whom their attending physician decided to assess PCT level. \u0000Material and methods: All data were collected between 01/04/2022 and 30/04/2022. The inclusion criterion was performed PCT measurement at admission to the Emergency Department. The following data were noted: age, gender, temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, SpO2, respiratory rate, Glasgow Coma Scale, the diagnosis: pneumonia, infection tractus urinary, diabetes, SARS-Cov-2 infection, PCT level, C-reactive protein level, leucocyte level, glomerular filtration rate. PCT upper normal limit was 0.05 μg/L, C- reactive protein upper limit was 5 mg/dL and leucite number was between 4 and 10 G/dL. \u0000Results: PCT level was increased in 68 (83%) of the studied group. The patients with increased PCT level are older, have lower blood pressure and more often increased C-reactive protein concentration. These patients tended to have increased in-hospital mortality. \u0000Conclusions: PCT level was increased in the majority of patients in whom this parameter was assessed by emergency physicians. Abnormal leucocyte number and the presence of temperature above 37 Celsius degree had no prediction value of presence of increased PCT. Increased PCT level may indicate the increased risk of the in hospital death. Simple guidelines for PCT usage need to be created and implemented in everyday clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":433523,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medical Service","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133433193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paweł Korczyc, J. Chrzanowski, A. Stasiak, J. Stasiak, A. Bissinger, Wojciech Timler, D. Timler, G. Piotrowski
Aim: Our study aimed to identify the clinical variables associated with long-term mortality after MI and to construct a simple, easy to use clinical practice model for the prediction of 5 year mortality after MI. Material and Methods: This is a prospective 5-year observation study of MI patients admitted to the Department of Cardiology at the Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz in 2010 and 2011. The data were collected during hospitalization and again after a period of 1 and 5 years. A multi-factor multi-level Cox regression model was constructed to investigate the impact of clinical factors on long-term survival.results: 92 patients (39 STEMI, 53 NSTEMI) were included in the study and their data were used to construct a Cox regression model with satisfactory fit (R 2 =0.7945). Factors associated with a decrease in 5-year risk are: age (1.06, 95%CI: 1.01-1.11), SYNTAX score (1.05, 95%CI: 1.02-1.08), WBC level (1.16, 95%CI: 1.08-1.26), and glycemia at enrollment (1.01, 95%CI: 1.01-1.01). Higher values of HDL at enrollment were associated with a decrease in 5-year risk (HR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.93-0.99).conclusion: The model we created is a valuable tool that is useful and easy to employ in everyday practice for assessing the 5-year prognosis of patients after MI. What is new: The study presents the new model for prediction of 5-year mortality after myocardial infarction. This model is based on simple clinical parameters and may by applied in everyday practice.
{"title":"Long Term Outcome Prediction in Stemi/Nstemi Patients By Means of the Model Consisting of Simple Clinical Parameters","authors":"Paweł Korczyc, J. Chrzanowski, A. Stasiak, J. Stasiak, A. Bissinger, Wojciech Timler, D. Timler, G. Piotrowski","doi":"10.36740/emems202103101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/emems202103101","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Our study aimed to identify the clinical variables associated with long-term mortality after MI and to construct a simple, easy to use clinical practice model for the prediction of 5 year mortality after MI.\u0000Material and Methods: This is a prospective 5-year observation study of MI patients admitted to the Department of Cardiology at the Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz in 2010 and 2011. The data were collected during hospitalization and again after a period of 1 and 5 years. A multi-factor multi-level Cox regression model was constructed to investigate the impact of clinical factors on long-term survival.results: 92 patients (39 STEMI, 53 NSTEMI) were included in the study and their data were used to construct a Cox regression model with satisfactory fit (R 2 =0.7945). Factors associated with a decrease in 5-year risk are: age (1.06, 95%CI: 1.01-1.11), SYNTAX score (1.05, 95%CI: 1.02-1.08), WBC level (1.16, 95%CI: 1.08-1.26), and glycemia at enrollment (1.01, 95%CI: 1.01-1.01). Higher values of HDL at enrollment were associated with a decrease in 5-year risk (HR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.93-0.99).conclusion: The model we created is a valuable tool that is useful and easy to employ in everyday practice for assessing the 5-year prognosis of patients after MI.\u0000What is new: The study presents the new model for prediction of 5-year mortality after myocardial infarction. This model is based on simple clinical parameters and may by applied in everyday practice.","PeriodicalId":433523,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medical Service","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116659443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Mitura, Daniel Celiński, Agnieszka Hawrylewicz-Łuka, S. Pilip, Leszek Szpakowski, Marta Jarzębowska, P. Jastrzębski, S. Szajda
{"title":"LIFE-SAVING PROCEDURES AND CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION FROM THE ANCIENT HISTORY TO THE PRESENT DAY","authors":"K. Mitura, Daniel Celiński, Agnieszka Hawrylewicz-Łuka, S. Pilip, Leszek Szpakowski, Marta Jarzębowska, P. Jastrzębski, S. Szajda","doi":"10.36740/emems202104112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/emems202104112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":433523,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medical Service","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134196504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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