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Somatechnics, Styles of Reasoning, and the Making of the Subject of Suicidology 躯体、推理方式与自杀学主体的建构
IF 0.9 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3366/soma.2022.0375
S. Tack
Suicidology calls itself and is recognised as the science of suicide and suicide prevention. Findings from suicidological research are widely acknowledged as truth and inform some of our most profound ways of knowing and experiencing suicide today in the west: suicide is the result of mental illness, it is located in the interiority of the individual, and it is a problem that must be prevented. Suicidologists make these claims by using quantitative research methods, which they propose allow them to study suicide objectively and to find its truth. This paper investigates the somatechnics of research at play in suicidology that allow the field to maintain its position of authority in both academic and public discussions of suicide. It thus analyses how suicide has come to be known in suicidology, and how these knowledges are sustained as the truth of suicide. In bringing Hacking’s concept of ‘styles of reasoning’ to bear on suicidology, the paper identifies the ways in which suicidology puts in place narrow parameters for what can be known about suicide and how it can be known. In doing so, the paper argues that what has come to constitute neutral, evidence-based knowledge about suicide both in this field of research and in public understandings of suicide is the result of an elaborate somatechnic machinery aimed at the regulation of knowledge and at the preservation of an image of scientificity and the position of authority of the field, rather than being the truth of suicide. In doing so, the paper argues that the suicidological style of reasoning is a somatechnic that is implicated in in/trans/forming both the body of the suicidal person and that of the expert suicide researcher as particular kinds of subjects in mutually generative ways.
自杀学自称是自杀和预防自杀的科学。自杀学研究的发现被广泛认为是事实,并为我们今天在西方了解和体验自杀提供了一些最深刻的方式:自杀是精神疾病的结果,它位于个人的内部,是一个必须预防的问题。自杀崇拜者通过使用定量研究方法提出了这些主张,他们提出的定量研究方法使他们能够客观地研究自杀并找到其真相。本文调查了自杀学研究的主体性,使该领域在自杀的学术和公众讨论中保持其权威地位。因此,它分析了自杀是如何在自杀学中被人们所知的,以及这些知识是如何作为自杀的真相而被维持的。在将哈金的“推理风格”概念与自杀学相结合的过程中,本文确定了自杀学如何为自杀的已知内容和已知方式设定狭窄的参数。在这样做的过程中,本文认为,无论是在这一研究领域还是在公众对自杀的理解中,关于自杀的中立、循证的知识都是一种精心设计的身体技术机制的结果,该机制旨在规范知识,维护科学性的形象和该领域的权威地位,而不是自杀的真相。在这样做的过程中,本文认为自杀论推理风格是一种躯体技术,它涉及以相互生成的方式将自杀者和自杀专家研究者的身体作为特定类型的主体进行/转化/形成。
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引用次数: 1
Wild Self-Care 野生的自我保健
IF 0.9 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3366/soma.2022.0378
S. Clay
Self-care has become a major topic in recent years; everyone seems to be talking about it. Within the academy, discussions on self-care often revolve around the neoliberalisation of self-care, how these practices commodify bodies and lives, and the intimate relationship between the biomedical model of health and self-care. This article takes a radical departure from the current purview of self-care discussions and offers an emancipatory alternative: ‘wild self-care’. This ‘wild’ model of self-care considers how creative, alternative, transgressive, and/or unexpected forms of care can be legitimate ways of pursuing well-being. Wild self-care is highly emotional in nature, articulates the way care is inherently communal, and ultimately grounded in the pursuit for agency. Drawing from a set of interviews conducted with 16 individuals in Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia who identified as a gay/queer man or a member of the gay community, I describe a range of different wild self-care practices and demonstrate how sex work, drug use, sex in public, kink, and alternative forms of political activism can be used as legitimate ways of caring for the self and pursuing well-being.
自我护理已成为近年来的一个主要话题;每个人似乎都在谈论它。在学院内部,关于自我护理的讨论通常围绕着自我护理的新自由化,这些实践如何将身体和生活商品化,以及健康和自我护理的生物医学模式之间的亲密关系。这篇文章彻底偏离了当前自我护理讨论的范围,并提供了一个解放性的替代方案:“疯狂的自我护理”。这种“狂野”的自我护理模式考虑了创造性、替代性、越轨性和/或意外形式的护理如何成为追求幸福的合法方式。狂野的自我护理本质上是高度情绪化的,阐明了护理本质上的公共性,并最终以追求代理为基础。根据对新西兰和澳大利亚奥特亚16名同性恋/酷儿或同性恋群体成员的采访,我描述了一系列不同的野外自我护理实践,并展示了性行为、吸毒、公共场所性行为、怪癖、,其他形式的政治激进主义可以被用作照顾自我和追求幸福的合法方式。
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引用次数: 0
Geology as Somatechnics: Re-imagining Human and Technology Entanglements in Geologies of the Future 地质学作为本体:重新想象人类和技术在未来地质学中的纠缠
IF 0.9 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3366/soma.2022.0377
Jianni Tien, Eloise Florence
In this article we offer a textual analysis informed by feminist framings of the geologic as a somatechnic research practice. The turn to geology in recent feminist scholarship responds to the explosion of discourse on the Anthropocene (itself a geologic term) interrogating the power relations implicit in geology as a seemingly objective research practice and epistemology. We use this theoretical standpoint on geology to analyse two literary representations of geologies of the future –  Dawn by Octavia Butler and Earth After Us by Jan Zalasiewicz. In Earth After Us, aliens of the future mine the depths of the earth to understand humans’ relationship with the planet and planetary annihilation. In Dawn, aliens mine the geology of human flesh and genetics to understand the same thing. Through our analysis we demonstrate the ways that geology, as a specifically Western epistemology and research practice, relies on the distinction between the body – ‘bio’ – and nature – ‘geo’ – that Povinelli has termed ‘Geontopower’ (2016). Geontopower traces the ways that the research practices and epistemologies of geology are built from Western perspectives, that in turn are built on the backs of bodies – the slave power that built empires, as well as the long fossilised bodies that have powered capitalism. Through a feminist lens we demonstrate how these text’s representations of future geologies articulate a somatechnics in which bodies and technologies are intertwined. We argue that thinking geologically is a somatechnical research practice that reveals the extractive epistemologies implicit in ‘the White Geology of the Anthropocene’ ( Yusoff 2018 ). We conclude by offering a somatechnic geology in which the entangled relationships between bodies and systems of colonialism and capitalism are acknowledged as imbricated in the layers of flesh of humans and the planet alike, in order to imagine more just futures in an era of ecological urgency.
在这篇文章中,我们提供了一个基于女性主义框架的文本分析,将地质学作为一种躯体技术研究实践。最近女权主义学术界转向地质学,是对人类世(本身是一个地质术语)话语激增的回应,质疑地质学作为一种看似客观的研究实践和认识论所隐含的权力关系。我们用地质学的这一理论立场来分析未来地质学的两种文学表现 –  Octavia Butler的《黎明》和Jan Zalasiewicz的《我们之后的地球》。在《我们之后的地球》中,未来的外星人挖掘地球深处,以了解人类与地球的关系和行星毁灭。在《黎明》中,外星人挖掘了人体的地质和遗传学,以了解同样的事情。通过我们的分析,我们展示了地质学作为一种特定的西方认识论和研究实践,依赖于身体之间的区别 – ‘生物 – 和自然 – ‘geo' – Povinelli称之为“Geontopower”(2016)。Geontopower追溯了地质学的研究实践和认识论是从西方的角度建立起来的,反过来又是建立在身体的背面 – 建立帝国的奴隶力量,以及为资本主义提供动力的长期僵化的身体。通过女权主义的视角,我们展示了这些文本对未来地质学的表述是如何阐明身体和技术交织在一起的躯体技术的。我们认为,地质学思维是一种身体技术研究实践,揭示了“人类世的白色地质学”(Yusoff 2018)中隐含的提取认识论。最后,我们提供了一种身体技术地质学,在这种地质学中,殖民主义和资本主义的身体和系统之间的纠缠关系被认为是在人类和地球的肉层中叠加的,以便在生态紧迫的时代想象更公正的未来。
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引用次数: 1
The Somatechnics of Cognition, Memory and Desire in Salman Rushdie’s Quichotte and Fury 论萨尔曼·拉什迪《喧闹与愤怒》中认知、记忆与欲望的身体技巧
IF 0.9 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3366/soma.2022.0376
Swatee Sinha, A. Roy
The accelerated use of technical prostheses as assistive devices has resulted in an externalisation of the site of cognition outside the sensory-motor neural apparatus. This has in turn problematised the notion of embodied cognition and corporeal integrity. Bernard Stiegler in For a New Critique of Political Economy (2010a) states that human beings not only evolve and mature genetically but ‘extragenetically’ and ‘epiphylogenetically’, that is through artificial prostheses or means which are not organic. The ‘exosomatization’ ( Stiegler 2019 ) of the cognitive processes of memory and desire through tools, language, artifacts and technical memory banks has resulted in the formation of hybrid milieus of cognition arising out of an enjambment of soma, that is the body with its neural circuits, and external technics or prostheses that are designed to augment neural receptivity through an amplification of sensory-motor experiences. If the act of memory entails a recapitulation and retention of the past, desire as protention involves a transmission of this past into the future. Such anticipations of the future are increasingly mediated through analogue and digital modes of transmission resulting in the emergence of trans-corporeal sites of cognition. As we adapt to the grammar of analogue broadcasting and navigate through grammes of computational data, we experience a heightened discretisation or fragmentation of the organic plane of consciousness into bits of information. This accelerated discretisation of our cognitive abilities results in a breakdown of the accretive nuances of memory and desire as embodied/somatic processes. Through a close reading of Salman Rushdie’s novels Quichotte (2019) and Fury (2001), this article explores synaptic connections between the human and the non-human as parts of multi-componential apparatuses of memory and desire. It puts forward the thesis that the welding together of an artificial digital memory and the organic biochemistry of cognition alters the preconditions of desire and intelligibility as somatic processes.
技术假肢作为辅助设备的加速使用导致了感觉-运动神经装置之外的认知部位的外部化。这反过来又使具身认知和身体完整性的概念出现问题。伯纳德·斯蒂格勒(Bernard Stiegler)在《政治经济学新批判》(2010)中指出,人类不仅是遗传进化和成熟的,而且是“外进化”和“表观进化”的,即通过人工假体或非有机手段进化和成熟的。通过工具、语言、人工物品和技术记忆库,记忆和欲望的认知过程的“外躯体化”(Stiegler 2019)导致了由躯体(即身体及其神经回路)和外部技术或假体(旨在通过放大感觉运动体验来增强神经接受性)的结合而产生的混合认知环境的形成。如果说记忆的行为是对过去的重述和保留,那么作为保护的欲望则是将过去传递到未来。这种对未来的预期越来越多地通过模拟和数字传输模式进行调解,从而导致跨实体认知场所的出现。当我们适应模拟广播的语法并在大量计算数据中导航时,我们经历了一种高度离散化或有机意识平面碎片化的信息。这种认知能力的加速离散化导致记忆和欲望作为具体化/躯体过程的增加性细微差别被分解。通过仔细阅读萨尔曼·拉什迪的小说《基霍特》(2019)和《愤怒》(2001),本文探讨了人类和非人类之间的突触连接,作为记忆和欲望的多组分装置的一部分。提出了人工数字记忆与认知有机生物化学的结合,改变了作为躯体过程的欲望和可理解性的前提条件。
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引用次数: 0
Willemijn Ruberg, History of the Body 威廉·鲁伯格,《身体的历史
IF 0.9 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/soma.2021.0370
Danielle Kinsey
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引用次数: 0
The Ontopolitics of Mountain Bike Trail Building: Addressing Issues of Access and Conflict in the More-than Human English Countryside 山地车道建设的地理政治学:解决非人性化英国乡村的准入与冲突问题
IF 0.9 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/soma.2021.0363
J. Cherrington
In recent years there have been calls for scholars working within sport and physical culture to recognise the (increasing) confluence of nature and culture. Situated within an emerging body of new materialist research, such accounts have shown how various activities are polluted by, fused to, and assembled with non-human entities. However, more work is needed on the political possibilities afforded by non-human agency, and by extension, the implications that such flat ontological arrangements might raise for the management and governance of physical culture. Building on research conducted with mountain bike trail builders, this article seeks to explore what it means to know, to be, and to govern a human subject in the Anthropocene. Specifically, I draw on James Ash’s (2019) post-phenomenological theory of space and David Chandler’s (2018) notion of onto-political hacking to show how the playful, contingent, and transformative practices of the mountain bike assemblage confront the linear and calculated governance of the English countryside. In doing so, mountain bike trails are positioned as objects of hope that allow for a collective re-imagining of political democracy in a more-than-human landscape.
近年来,人们一直呼吁从事体育运动和体育文化研究的学者认识到自然与文化的(日益)融合。在新兴的新唯物主义研究中,这些描述表明了各种活动是如何被非人类实体污染、融合和聚集的。然而,对于非人类机构所提供的政治可能性,以及由此延伸的,这种扁平的本体论安排可能对体育文化的管理和治理产生的影响,需要做更多的工作。以山地车道建造者的研究为基础,本文试图探索在人类世中认识、成为和管理人类主体意味着什么。具体来说,我借鉴了詹姆斯·阿什(2019)的后现象学空间理论和大卫·钱德勒(2018)的政治黑客概念,以展示山地车组合的有趣、偶然和变革性实践如何面对英国乡村的线性和有计划的治理。在这样做的过程中,山地自行车道被定位为希望的对象,允许在一个超越人类的景观中集体重新想象政治民主。
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引用次数: 2
Sport, Physical Culture, and New Materialisms: Part 2 体育运动、体育文化与新唯物主义:第二部分
IF 0.9 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/soma.2021.0362
Joshua I. Newman, H. Thorpe
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引用次数: 0
Entangled Yoga Bodies 缠结的瑜伽体
IF 0.9 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/soma.2021.0364
Allison Jeffrey, K. Barbour, H. Thorpe
In this article, we draw upon the work of leading new materialist Karen Barad to explore the possibilities for knowing women's yoga bodies differently. Engaging insights gathered from an embodied ethnography on contemporary Yoga in dialogue with Barad's concept of entanglement, we contemplate the complexity of a lived experience in a Yoga body. Engaging the voices and movement experiences of 19 committed women yoga practitioners, we explain ‘Yogic union’ as states of absorption facilitating an awareness of an existence that is complex, interconnected and involving both human and non-human materiality. Specifically, we work within and between the embodied experiences of the researcher and her participants, feminist new materialist theory, and creative writing to present Yoga bodies as phenomena that are always entangled.
在这篇文章中,我们借鉴了领先的新唯物主义者凯伦·巴拉德的工作,探索以不同的方式了解女性瑜伽身体的可能性。从当代瑜伽的具体化民族志中收集到的见解与巴拉德的纠缠概念对话,我们思考瑜伽身体中生活经验的复杂性。结合19位女性瑜伽练习者的声音和动作经验,我们将“瑜伽结合”解释为一种吸收状态,促进对复杂的、相互联系的、涉及人类和非人类物质的存在的意识。具体来说,我们在研究人员和参与者的具体化经验、女权主义新唯物主义理论和创造性写作之间进行工作,以呈现瑜伽身体作为一种总是纠缠在一起的现象。
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引用次数: 2
‘Lines of Flight or Tethered Wings’?: A Deleuzian Analysis of Women-specific Adventure Skills Courses in the United Kingdom “飞行路线或系翼”?:英国女性专项冒险技能课程的德勒兹分析
IF 0.9 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/soma.2021.0369
Zoe Avner, E. Boocock, Jenny Hall, L. Allin
In this article we examine women-specific adventure sport skills training courses in the UK utilising a feminist new materialist approach. Drawing on Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's (1987) concepts of ‘assemblage’, ‘lines of territorialisation’, and ‘lines of flight’, we apply a new lens to ask: what type(s) of material-discursive assemblages are produced through human and non-human, discursive, and non-discursive intra-actions on women-specific adventure sport skills courses? To what extent do these courses enable participants to engage with an alternative praxis and ethics and to think, feel, practice, and become otherwise? Our Deleuzian reading showed that the affective capacity of these courses is currently limited by dominant understandings of these courses as bridges to the real outdoors and as primarily designed for women who lack the confidence to participate in mixed-gender environments. However, these courses also enabled productive lines of flight and alternative understandings and practices related to the self, the body, others, material objects, learning, movement, and physical activity to emerge. These were both characterised and supported by less instrumental and hierarchical flows of relations and an openness to not knowing.
在这篇文章中,我们研究了英国女性特有的冒险运动技能培训课程,利用女权主义的新唯物主义方法。借鉴Gilles Deleuze和f lix Guattari(1987)的“集合”、“领土化线”和“飞行线”的概念,我们用一个新的视角来问:在女性特定的冒险运动技能课程中,通过人类和非人类、话语和非话语的内部行动,产生了什么类型的物质话语组合?这些课程在多大程度上使参与者参与另一种实践和伦理,并思考、感受、实践和成为不同的人?我们的德勒兹式阅读表明,这些课程的情感能力目前受到主流理解的限制,这些课程是通往真实户外活动的桥梁,主要是为缺乏参与混合性别环境信心的女性设计的。然而,这些课程也使与自我、身体、他人、物质对象、学习、运动和身体活动相关的生产性飞行和替代理解和实践得以出现。它们的特点和支持都是不那么工具性和等级性的关系流动,以及对未知的开放。
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引用次数: 5
Skateboarders’ Representations of Materiality: A Case Study of Rodney Mullen and Spike Jonze 滑板运动员的物质性表征——以罗德尼·马伦和斯派克·琼斯为例
IF 0.9 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/soma.2021.0365
Bethany Geckle
Physical activity is commonly conceived of in terms of its human involvement – as a test of, and testament to, human ability. However, physical activity does not exist without the contributions of countless non-human agencies, such as equipment and environments, with which the athletes work closely and form relationships. As such, athletes have a unique understanding of non-human agency. In this article I analyse the power of non-human agency in skateboarding through the representations of the professional skateboarder Rodney Mullen and filmmaker Spike Jonze. I examine their lectures, interviews, and films to show the ways in which skateboarders experience, practice, and represent the principles of actor-network theory (ANT). Skateboarders utilise and manipulate the often-unanticipated potential of non-human tools and urban landscapes and translate them into a collaborative result. Skateboarding is a trial-and-error experiment of testing, innovating, and adapting possibilities and limitations set by a network of mediators including people and ‘things’. Mullen and Jonze commonly depict skateboarding as the product of networks rather than independent human action. Their representations reveal how skateboarders perceive and act out their role as humans within networks alongside non-human agencies such as skateboards and obstacles, and which combine to produce skateboarding.
体育活动通常被认为是人类参与的一种方式,是对人类能力的测试和证明。然而,体育活动的存在离不开无数非人类机构的贡献,比如设备和环境,运动员与这些机构密切合作并形成关系。因此,运动员对非人类能动性有着独特的理解。在这篇文章中,我通过职业滑板运动员罗德尼·马伦和电影制作人斯派克·琼斯的表现来分析非人类代理在滑板运动中的力量。我研究了他们的讲座、采访和电影,以展示滑板运动员体验、实践和表现演员网络理论(ANT)原理的方式。滑板运动员利用和操纵非人类工具和城市景观的往往意想不到的潜力,并将其转化为合作成果。滑板运动是一种试错实验,测试、创新和适应包括人和“物”在内的中介网络设定的可能性和局限性。马伦和琼斯通常将滑板运动描述为网络的产物,而不是独立的人类行为。他们的表现揭示了滑板运动员如何在网络中与滑板和障碍物等非人类机构一起感知和履行他们作为人类的角色,并结合起来产生滑板运动。
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引用次数: 0
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