Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22105018-02502025
Patrick Hällzon, Tenha Seher
Historical sources and recent data testify to the important role of the mazar pilgrimage in Uyghur daily life. The article deals with pilgrimage to Kuhmarim (alt. Köhmarim), a mazar ‘Muslim shrine’ close to Khotan, largely based on fieldwork by the authors who visited the shrine on separate occasions in 2009, 2015 and 2016. The shrine’s current status is unclear, but here we describe the pilgrimage as it was just before 2017. That was the year that the international community started receiving increasingly disturbing reports of the mass detention of Uyghurs, Kazakhs and other Muslim Turkic-speaking ethnic minorities in China. Given developments in the Uyghur homeland during the past few years, whereby hundreds or even thousands of mosques have been flattened to the ground together with the systematic destruction of numerous family tombs and holy shrines, this might be seen as a historical account of pilgrimage patterns, which still are not fully explored.
{"title":"Social and Economic Aspects of the Kuhmarim–Sehwalim Mazar in Khotan","authors":"Patrick Hällzon, Tenha Seher","doi":"10.1163/22105018-02502025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22105018-02502025","url":null,"abstract":"Historical sources and recent data testify to the important role of the mazar pilgrimage in Uyghur daily life. The article deals with pilgrimage to Kuhmarim (alt. Köhmarim), a mazar ‘Muslim shrine’ close to Khotan, largely based on fieldwork by the authors who visited the shrine on separate occasions in 2009, 2015 and 2016. The shrine’s current status is unclear, but here we describe the pilgrimage as it was just before 2017. That was the year that the international community started receiving increasingly disturbing reports of the mass detention of Uyghurs, Kazakhs and other Muslim Turkic-speaking ethnic minorities in China. Given developments in the Uyghur homeland during the past few years, whereby hundreds or even thousands of mosques have been flattened to the ground together with the systematic destruction of numerous family tombs and holy shrines, this might be seen as a historical account of pilgrimage patterns, which still are not fully explored.","PeriodicalId":43430,"journal":{"name":"Inner Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22105018-02502028
Manlai Nyamdorj
{"title":"Subjective Lives and Economic Transformations in Mongolia: Life in the Gap, written by Rebecca M. Empson","authors":"Manlai Nyamdorj","doi":"10.1163/22105018-02502028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22105018-02502028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43430,"journal":{"name":"Inner Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22105018-02502019
Richard P. Taupier
Baroun Tala, or the Khoshoud Khanate, was the first of three khanates created by the Oirat Mongols of the seventeenth century (1642), followed by the Jöüngar (1678) and Kalmyk Khanates (1681). It rose at a time when the two most powerful noble Oirat lineages, the Choros and Khoshoud, were close allies. The Khoshoud ruled in Kükünour and Tibet from 1642 to 1720, some 78 years. That history is summarised herein. The Khoshoud alliance with the Jöüngars (ruled by the Choros) ended in 1676 when Choros Galdan Boshugtu defeated the Khoshoud Chechen Khan and scattered his people. The Khoshoud Khanate was tied to the Fifth Dalai Lama and the centralisation of governance that occurred under his newly established political authority. The end of the Khoshoud Khanate is linked to the demise of the Sixth Dalai Lama, their failed alliance with the Jöüngars and ultimate capitulation to the Qing.
{"title":"An Ephemeral State on the Enduring Steppe","authors":"Richard P. Taupier","doi":"10.1163/22105018-02502019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22105018-02502019","url":null,"abstract":"Baroun Tala, or the Khoshoud Khanate, was the first of three khanates created by the Oirat Mongols of the seventeenth century (1642), followed by the Jöüngar (1678) and Kalmyk Khanates (1681). It rose at a time when the two most powerful noble Oirat lineages, the Choros and Khoshoud, were close allies. The Khoshoud ruled in Kükünour and Tibet from 1642 to 1720, some 78 years. That history is summarised herein. The Khoshoud alliance with the Jöüngars (ruled by the Choros) ended in 1676 when Choros Galdan Boshugtu defeated the Khoshoud Chechen Khan and scattered his people. The Khoshoud Khanate was tied to the Fifth Dalai Lama and the centralisation of governance that occurred under his newly established political authority. The end of the Khoshoud Khanate is linked to the demise of the Sixth Dalai Lama, their failed alliance with the Jöüngars and ultimate capitulation to the Qing.","PeriodicalId":43430,"journal":{"name":"Inner Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22105018-02502030
H. Waters
{"title":"Urban Hunters: Dealing and Dreaming in Times of Transition, written by Lars Højer & Morten Axel Pedersen","authors":"H. Waters","doi":"10.1163/22105018-02502030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22105018-02502030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43430,"journal":{"name":"Inner Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22105018-02502020
Nianshen Song
During the Qing Dynasty (1636–1911), Chosŏn Korean tributary envoys regularly sent to Beijing normally stopped for a few days en route in Mukden (Shenyang), the Qing’s secondary capital and the largest city in Manchuria. There they visited one of the local attractions, royal Tibetan Buddhist temples, particularly the Shishengsi, the largest monastery in the city. What drew the envoys to the royal temples? How did they interact with the Mongol lamas? What was their first impression of Tibetan Buddhism – a religion at once familiar and foreign to them? Using extensive records left by the Korean envoys (Yŏnhaengnok), this paper examines the under-studied historical encounter between Korean literati and Tibetan Buddhism. Although not always consistent, the understanding and misunderstanding that the Koreans had with the religion, I argue, reflects their rather complex political and cultural attitudes towards the Qing – a regime that, in the eyes of the Koreans, simultaneously represented China and non-China. The Manchu capital, Mukden, which was closely linked with both Beijing and the Inner Asian frontiers, provided a meeting ground for different ethnic groups, cultures and values in the late Imperial period. The episode demonstrates an initial interaction between East Asia and Inner Asia. Furthermore, by examining how information about Qing Inner Asian politics was filtered and (mis)understood by Koreans, the paper challenges the popular myth that more information naturally leads to comprehensive knowledge.
{"title":"‘Those Ridiculous Monks’","authors":"Nianshen Song","doi":"10.1163/22105018-02502020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22105018-02502020","url":null,"abstract":"During the Qing Dynasty (1636–1911), Chosŏn Korean tributary envoys regularly sent to Beijing normally stopped for a few days en route in Mukden (Shenyang), the Qing’s secondary capital and the largest city in Manchuria. There they visited one of the local attractions, royal Tibetan Buddhist temples, particularly the Shishengsi, the largest monastery in the city. What drew the envoys to the royal temples? How did they interact with the Mongol lamas? What was their first impression of Tibetan Buddhism – a religion at once familiar and foreign to them? Using extensive records left by the Korean envoys (Yŏnhaengnok), this paper examines the under-studied historical encounter between Korean literati and Tibetan Buddhism. Although not always consistent, the understanding and misunderstanding that the Koreans had with the religion, I argue, reflects their rather complex political and cultural attitudes towards the Qing – a regime that, in the eyes of the Koreans, simultaneously represented China and non-China. The Manchu capital, Mukden, which was closely linked with both Beijing and the Inner Asian frontiers, provided a meeting ground for different ethnic groups, cultures and values in the late Imperial period. The episode demonstrates an initial interaction between East Asia and Inner Asia. Furthermore, by examining how information about Qing Inner Asian politics was filtered and (mis)understood by Koreans, the paper challenges the popular myth that more information naturally leads to comprehensive knowledge.","PeriodicalId":43430,"journal":{"name":"Inner Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139266337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22105018-02502021
Yonten Nyima, Emily T. Yeh
Since 2000, a number of programmes have been implemented in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China aimed at sedentarisation, defined as the spatial and temporal concentration of pastoralists and their livestock. In our case study village in Nagchu, a programme to move pastoralists into concentrated housing failed to sedentarise them. By contrast, a secondary programme component to build subsidised livestock shelters has had a much more pronounced effect on reducing human as well as livestock mobility. We adopt assemblage thinking as a methodology for critical policy analysis to understand how and why this was the case. Whereas no effort was made to undertake the labour needed to create an assemblage of herders living in concentrated housing, multiple contingent processes came together to create an assemblage around the reduction of mobility through the building of houses for goats. These include the biological effects of livestock shelters on goat tolerance to cold stress, as observed by herders, budget constraints in the goat shelter programme, as well as a long-standing village institution of unified livestock movement.
{"title":"Houses for People and Houses for Goats","authors":"Yonten Nyima, Emily T. Yeh","doi":"10.1163/22105018-02502021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22105018-02502021","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2000, a number of programmes have been implemented in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China aimed at sedentarisation, defined as the spatial and temporal concentration of pastoralists and their livestock. In our case study village in Nagchu, a programme to move pastoralists into concentrated housing failed to sedentarise them. By contrast, a secondary programme component to build subsidised livestock shelters has had a much more pronounced effect on reducing human as well as livestock mobility. We adopt assemblage thinking as a methodology for critical policy analysis to understand how and why this was the case. Whereas no effort was made to undertake the labour needed to create an assemblage of herders living in concentrated housing, multiple contingent processes came together to create an assemblage around the reduction of mobility through the building of houses for goats. These include the biological effects of livestock shelters on goat tolerance to cold stress, as observed by herders, budget constraints in the goat shelter programme, as well as a long-standing village institution of unified livestock movement.","PeriodicalId":43430,"journal":{"name":"Inner Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22105018-02502027
Michael Long
{"title":"Terror Capitalism: Uyghur Dispossession and Masculinity in a Chinese City, written by Darren Byler","authors":"Michael Long","doi":"10.1163/22105018-02502027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22105018-02502027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43430,"journal":{"name":"Inner Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139264045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22105018-02502029
Marissa Smith
{"title":"The Mongol World, edited by Timothy May & Michael Hope","authors":"Marissa Smith","doi":"10.1163/22105018-02502029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22105018-02502029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43430,"journal":{"name":"Inner Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139264189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22105018-02502022
C. Lamazhaa
The yurt has always been a crucial element of Tuvan culture and the economy of cattle herding, especially for those who keep up the herding tradition. However, their number is small, with most Tuvans living in villages or towns and working in other industries. But the yurt has never been forgotten even by settled Tuvans. The article examines the presence of the yurt (Tuvan ög), the traditional dwelling of nomadic cattle herders in the various spheres of the socio-cultural life in the Republic of Tuva. It is an anthropological study of nostalgic nomadism, a contemporary aspect of nomadism when descendants of original nomads remember the past of their ancestor, feel nostalgic about and accept its elements as their own contemporary cultural values. The study is based on observations made in Tuva from 2014 to 2021 and interviews with Tuvans of different generations in 2021–22.
{"title":"The New Life of the Yurt","authors":"C. Lamazhaa","doi":"10.1163/22105018-02502022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22105018-02502022","url":null,"abstract":"The yurt has always been a crucial element of Tuvan culture and the economy of cattle herding, especially for those who keep up the herding tradition. However, their number is small, with most Tuvans living in villages or towns and working in other industries. But the yurt has never been forgotten even by settled Tuvans. The article examines the presence of the yurt (Tuvan ög), the traditional dwelling of nomadic cattle herders in the various spheres of the socio-cultural life in the Republic of Tuva. It is an anthropological study of nostalgic nomadism, a contemporary aspect of nomadism when descendants of original nomads remember the past of their ancestor, feel nostalgic about and accept its elements as their own contemporary cultural values. The study is based on observations made in Tuva from 2014 to 2021 and interviews with Tuvans of different generations in 2021–22.","PeriodicalId":43430,"journal":{"name":"Inner Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22105018-02502026
Bettine Birge
{"title":"The Rise of the Mongols: Five Chinese Sources. Edited and translated, with an Introduction, by Christopher P. Atwood, edited by Christopher P. Atwood","authors":"Bettine Birge","doi":"10.1163/22105018-02502026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22105018-02502026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43430,"journal":{"name":"Inner Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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