Accounting Perspectives最新文献

This study uses a systematic literature review to explore academic research at the intersection of accounting and Indigenous peoples, focusing on the Canadian context. We systematically identified 15 English-language, peer-reviewed articles published in the review period of 1979–2019. We conducted detailed content and thematic analysis of the articles. Overall, we noted that research in this area is based upon archival documents or reviews of prior literature rather than qualitative or survey research methods. We found that much of the research has been driven by a small network of scholars, focusing primarily on themes of governmentality, imperialism, and accountability and control. In addition, research on Indigenous peoples and accounting in Canada has slowed over the past decade, which is inconsistent with global trends. Based on the systematic literature review, we offer specific, actionable recommendations to support inquiry and inclusion in the area of accounting and Indigenous peoples to move both research and society forward toward reconciliation. Our detailed recommendations aim to advance our understanding of the relationship between accounting and Indigenous peoples, foster an understanding of accountability issues relevant to Indigenous peoples in the Canadian accounting context, enhance support for Indigenous peoples studying business and accounting, and encourage Indigenous peoples to consider careers in accounting.

Prior research has demonstrated that investors have differential reactions to revenue increases versus expense decreases in firms with positive earnings surprises. We use the experimental method to explain how this differential reaction is, at least in part, due to a heuristic-like process in investors' decision-making processes. Critical to our study, we further demonstrate that when revenue increases explain even a small portion of that surprise, investors make more positive judgments about the firm than one might expect. This somewhat surprising result occurs even though those same investors provide similar earnings forecasts for the next period, indicating that our results are not entirely caused by differential judgments regarding the persistence of the earnings surprise. These findings are consistent with the halo effect, a phenomenon described in psychology literature in which, when making evaluations, one's focus on a certain salient factor impacts assessments regarding other factors. This article helps to explain some of the complexities with individual investor behavior when evaluating the impact of changes in revenues and expenses. Specifically, investors' preference for revenue increases as compared to expense decreases is partially caused by biases that are not obvious to investors, making it difficult for them to adjust for these biases.

The purpose of this article is to study the potential impact of blockchain technology on accounting systems and businesses. Blockchain technology characteristics and operating modes have the potential to bring about innovations to the fields of accounting and auditing. After describing the function of blockchain technology, we examine potential accounting transformations and identify how the deployment of this technology might impact accountants and external auditors. To that end, we review the literature and take a prospective approach to the use of blockchain in accounting and auditing. Three major issues regarding the future of blockchain in accounting and auditing emerge: (i) the transformation of accounting techniques; (ii) main evolutions in accounting and auditing; and (iii) main evolutions in the work, skills, and education of auditors.

OneFeather is a real company located in British Columbia. The company aims to provide much-needed services to Indigenous peoples, specifically those in Canada. This case involves a proposed digital wallet specifically designed for the needs of Indigenous peoples in Canada. Students are tasked to consider how the digital wallet needs to consider the unique circumstances of Indigenous peoples, the applicable tax laws, the appropriate technological foundation for the product, and strategies to roll out the product and attract users.

An equity analyst at Q&M Independent Research Corporation is assessing the financial and business prospects of two Canadian banks: Bank of Montréal and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. Relying on recent information provided in the financial statements and proxy circulars from both banks, the analyst faces some challenges in performing a prospective analysis, a key input to any valuation model. The case highlights the cost-benefit analysis of disclosure that banks may perform when applying IFRS 8 – Operating Segments. The case also illustrates the challenges that segment disclosure poses to financial analysts and investors as they attempt to forecast a bank's earnings and to perform a valuation. Furthermore, the case develops the process by which a bank's business model is linked with its financial reporting and, ultimately, its valuation.

The case asks you to prepare a report and presentation to the shareholders of Camelot Caves Incorporated (CCI), a privately held winery located in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada. CCI has approached your firm to assist them in setting a new direction for the company. The shareholders need to make critical decisions about the company's operations, but they cannot seem to agree. You must obtain an understanding of CCI's current vision and mission, strategic position, and financial situation before analyzing the strategic fit and quantitative and qualitative implications of the alternatives under consideration—including the addition of a new distribution channel, the opening of a restaurant, and the production of ice wine—and considering the impact of your recommendations on the value of the business and its cash position. The case will allow you to integrate a number of issues faced by a small business seeking growth through evaluating strategic and operational issues and providing recommendations.

This commentary considers stakeholder perspectives of Canada's Extractive Sector Transparency Measures Act (ESTMA). In 2015, ESTMA was enacted under Canada's corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy as a mandatory CSR reporting initiative requiring the financial disclosure of all payments relating to the commercial development of oil, gas, or minerals around the globe. Despite ESTMA's intended purpose to improve transparency and deter corruption within the global extractive sector, little remains known about the acceptance of this mandatory CSR initiative by extractive sector stakeholders. Success of this government initiative likely hinges upon stakeholder acceptance of ESTMA. This study reports the results of a survey of industry stakeholders, including managers, practitioners, and academics, on whether ESTMA positively or negatively affects transparency, financial performance, reputation, decision making, and the ability of firms to do business abroad. Findings indicate stakeholders in Canada believe ESTMA has improved transparency and has had a positive effect on the reputation of Canadian firms in the extractive sector with minimal costs to financial performance, changes to decision making, or effect on ability to conduct business abroad. Using a Canadian context, the findings provide important insights for regulators and practitioners, among other stakeholders, to better understand the effects of mandatory CSR initiatives, as well as the use of legislated financial disclosures as a CSR mechanism.

This fictional case is based on the real-world events when a Canadian public electric utility company adopted IFRS. Many of these firms previously used US GAAP. In this context, the case gives students the opportunity to research key differences between IFRS and US GAAP relevant to utility industries, discuss the impact of IFRS standards on a firm's performance, and make recommendations on important business decisions. Specifically, this case exposes students to (i) the rate-regulated electric utility industry and complex regulatory deferral accounts; (ii) the impact of IFRS adoption on key financial ratios and bond issuance decisions; and (iii) a what-if analysis in making business decisions under the new IFRS 16 standard. This case is suitable for use in undergraduate or graduate intermediate level financial accounting courses. It can also be explored in an advanced level or public sector accounting class.