Konsultativnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhoterapiya-Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy最新文献

Sleep-related complaints are common in children and affect their daytime sleepiness, success and quality of life. However, often parents are unaware of or do not consider them as a problem demanding treatment. Aim. To identify the parental appraisals of the patterns and difficulties with sleep in children aged 5—13 years and parental subjective qualification of them as a problem. Methods. In 147 pairs of «parent-child 5—13 years old without diagnosed sleep disorders» (47 pairs with a child 5—6 years old, 49 with a child 7—9 years old, 51 with a child 10—13 years old), parents answered questions about the pattern children’s sleep habits and completed the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Children replied to Sleep Self-Report. Results. Difficulties with sleeping are common in children 5—13 years of age: irregular bedtimes, prolonged time falling asleep, falling asleep in someone else’s bed, night terrors, insufficient sleep time, frequent nocturnal awakenings, sleep-talking, early morning awakenings, long time to get up in the morning, fatigue in the afternoon 3 times a week or more are typical for every third child, while protests against going to bed, the impossibility of waking up on their own in the morning, difficulties in getting up in the morning — for every second child. For children 10—13 years old, lack of sleep was also wide-spread. Parents frequently do not consider sleep difficulties in children as a problem. The pattern of going to bed, sleeping, and waking up didn’t not differ between boys and girls, but girls rated their sleepiness higher, and rated sleep quality lower. With age, daytime and nighttime sleep was reduced, bedtime became later, while breathing problems during sleep, parasomnia symptoms and night terrors became rarer. Conclusion. Given the prevalence of complaints about various difficulties associated with sleep in children aged 5—13 years, the acute question is why parents do not qualify these difficulties as problems and do not seek help is relevant.

Relevance. Due to the digital transformation of society, in modern psychology arises the question of what impact this transformation has on people, in particular, how computer-game involvement manifests itself and what causes it. Purpose. This paper aims to investigate the psychological predictors of various types of involvement in computer games. Method and sampling. 124 computer game players aged 18 to 30 (M = 25,08), including 64 women and 60 men participated in the study. 6 types of computer game involvement: «Addiction», «Sense of community», «Emotional support», «Immersion», «Flow» and «Identification», obtained as a result of the development of the author’s questionnaire, were analyzed. Results and conclusions. Personality traits along with crisis experience and stressors in various proportions act as predictors of each type of computer-gaming involvement. Types «Addiction», «Immersion» and «Flow» are more accounted for by personality traits, «Sense of community» — by personality traits and crisis experiences, «Identification» — by stress-suffering, and «Emotional support» is caused by a negative image of the surrounding reality.

Rationale. For effective reforming the system of mental health, the system of residential institutions for psychiatric patients (PRI) in the Russian Federation, the development and validation of efficiency of scientifically based methods of socializing psychiatric patients through the activation and development of their psychological resources and social competencies are of particular significance. Among the residents of PRI 46,9% have schizophrenia. Study Objective. Verification of efficiency of the original integrative motivational training program (IPMT) in two samples of patients with schizophrenia: those on inpatient treatment and those living in PRI. Materials and methods. In total, 11 training groups were carried out for the patients with schizophrenia, undergoing treatment in Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 4 n.a. Gannushkin (PCH) (total 45 persons, average age 44, 32 women and 13 men with different duration of the disease), and 7 training groups were conducted for the patients in PRI (total 35 persons, average age 50, 17 women and 18 men with duration of the disease over 5 years). The efficiency of the training was estimated using self-assessment instruments that the patients completed before and after the training: “Self-efficacy Diagnostics”, “Coping Strategy Indicator”, “Compliance”, “Social Avoidance and Distress Scale” (SADS), “Feedback Questionnaire”. Results. The proposed program motivational training is based on principles close to those of the recovery-oriented cognitive therapy (CT-R), cultural and historical psychology and reflection-activity approach, and contributes to positive changes in the motivational sphere of patients with schizophrenia. In the sample of patients from PCH, the indicators of social anxiety have statistically significantly reduced and there has been an increase in indicators of self-efficacy and compliance. At the level close to statistical significance, the frequency of using a problem-solving strategy has increased, the indicators of their avoidance strategy have decreased, and the indicators of a seeking social support strategy have not changed. In the sample of patients from the PRI, on the contrary, the frequency of using a constructive seeking social support strategy has statistically significantly increased. At the same time, the overall indicator of their social anxiety has reduced, and the overall indicator of their self-efficacy has increased at the level close to statistical significance. The absence of statistically significant dynamics in the variables of compliance and using a problem-solving strategy, as well as in using a destructive avoidance strategy indicates that these deficits are the most persistent and require an additional targeted work. The training participants from both samples have subjectively highly evalu

Relevance. The article presents an overview of studies on clinical, psychological and socio–demographic factors of suicidal behavior and the risk of its chronicity. According to the WHO, 800,000 people die each year by suicide, and many others seek help from medical centers after a suicide attempt. Suicide and suicide attempts are a medical, social and psychological problem. Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the role of various factors in the chronification of suicidal behavior and an increase in its risk. Results. According to numerous studies, most often repeated suicide attempts are made by people with borderline personality disorder and other personality disorders, often in combination with depressive and anxiety symptoms. The motives for suicide in this group of patients may be emotional regulation, coping with dissociation, stress, and more often do not contain the desire to die. This group of patients tend to self-cut in the limbs or attempt self-poisoning. A distinctive feature of suicide attempts in individuals with schizophrenia, severe depression and bipolar disorder is the intention to die, combined with more severe methods of self-harm, in contrast to patients with personality disorders. The risk of chronification of suicidal behavior is higher in people of working age who have experience in the use of psychoactive substances, low social status and wealth, and the unemployed. This group of patients needs to be provided with medical, psycho-social assistance, since without treatment and psychological support, the risk of chronification of suicidal behavior, an increase in symptoms of depression and the completion of suicide increases. Conclusions. Chronic suicidal behavior requires active interdisciplinary team work with patients based on a biopsychosocial model already at the stage of the first hospital admission after a suicide attempt. It is important to take into account the specifics and characteristics of suicidal behavior, work styles may differ depending on the diagnoses, age and motives of suicidal behavior.