Konsultativnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhoterapiya-Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy最新文献

Study relevance. Revealing groups of people at high risk of suicide is important for suicide prevention, especially among adolescents, and the practical way of achieving it is screening adolescents for suicide risk. A major obstacle to the development of screening protocols and other preventive procedures is lack of data or conflicting data on measures that can be used in adolescent samples. Objective. The current systematic review of systematic reviews was carried out to discover measures of suicide risk with a good predictive validity on adolescent samples. Recommendations for screening implementation were also narratively reviewed. Method. Literature search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBSCO Academic Search Premier, EBSCO Health Source: Nursing and Academic Edition, and Elibrary. 10 papers that satisfied all inclusion criteria (systematic reviews of measures assessing the risk of suicide in children and adolescents) were included in the study. Results. The reviews included in the study were of satisfactory quality. Predictive validity was reported for 18 measures, 16 of them were self-report, and 2 were versions of the Implicit Associative Test. Computerized tests showed relatively low predictive validity coefficients, while self-report measures (including screening questions) had higher predictive validity. Conclusion. More studies of predictive validity of the suicide screening measures on adolescent samples are needed. The decision to use a measure in the screening protocol should be also based on practical considerations and resources available to medical workers on cite.

Background. Diagnostics of suicide risk is an important, but only developing domain in suicidology. Objective. This study aims to clarify the problems and perspectives in this scientific field. The main issues related to measuring this construct are posed and analyzed: the setting, the object of measurement, and the specifics of the available tools. Results. The inference is made about the importance of these variables when choosing a method for measuring suicide risk, as well as the need to combine diagnostics and therapy. Conclusion.The typology for choosing the methods of intervention based on the Narrative Crisis Model of Suicide by I. Galynker is provided. The limitations of the modern diagnostic methods are indicated, the call to rely not so much on various diagnostic tools as on the structured clinical judgment, and also be guided not so much by the presence or absence of suicidal ideation in a respondent, but by understanding their current frustrated needs.

The relevance of the study is due to the need to search for objectivizing methods for identifying signs and manifestations of dependence, both for diagnostic purposes and for the purpose of assessing the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process at its various stages. Purpose: to identify typical strategies for the distribution of fixations of oculomotor reactions during the perception of addictively significant stimuli by patients with alcohol dependence. Materials and Methods: The total sample size was 73 people. The experimental group included 37 subjects (23 men and 14 women) with alcohol dependence (diagnosed as F10.2 according to ICD 10 – Alcohol dependence). The control group consisted of 36 subjects (22 men and 14 women) with a “healthy” conclusion based on the results of periodic medical examinations. The study was carried out on the basis of written informed consent from the subjects. The study included two stages: an assessment of the neurocognitive status of the subjects (Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment (MoCA) and an experimental study of fixations of oculomotor reactions during the perception of addictively significant stimuli (the hardware complex for assessing oculomotor reactions Tobii EyeX and the GazeControll software). Results. Specific features of fixations of oculomotor reactions during the perception of addictively significant stimuli by patients with alcohol dependence make it possible to typify the strategies of oculomotor reactions. on an empty background field outside the depicted objects) may be due to the actualization of a pathological craving for alcohol caused by the demonstration of addictively significant stimuli.

Relevance. After suiced family go through a psychological crisis, relatives are at risk of developing symptoms of emotional distress. At the same time, stigmatization can interfere seeking informal help, which makes it important to provide psychological help to this group of clients. Purpose of the study. Examine various approaches to providing psychological help to relatives of suicides and highlight the targets of such interventions. Materials and methods. The article presents a literature review of foreign studies of the effectiveness of various formats of psychological help for the family of a suicide. Results. There are different forms of psychological help for relatives of suicides: individual, group and family psychotherapy. After a suicide attempt, more research are focus on family therapy, and after a completed suicide on group psychotherapy for relatives of a suicide. For family therapy of suicidal behavior, two approaches are the most developt – cognitive–behavioral and attachment–based psychotherapy. The goals of working with the family are to reduce conflict and criticism, increase cohesion, develop communication skills and stabilization of the emotional state of family members. Inclusion of the family in the therapy of patient after suicide attempt increases the effectiveness of treatment. Support groups have become the most popular format for helping relatives after a completed suicide. Among the goals of working with the grieving are opportunity to share difficult feelings, return control over life, reconstruction of the meaning of what happened, and stoping ruminations. Research shows the effectiveness of these interventions for coping with grief, reducing emotional lability and improving social adaptation. Conclusions. Relatives of suicidal people need opportune psychological help. The most common approach for psychological help is cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy, which has programs with proven effectiveness for both relatives after a suicide attempt and after a completed suicide.

Present digest offers information about results of recent meta–analyses on suicide, suicidal behavior and suicidal ideas.

The issue of suicidal behavior in adolescents is one of the most disturbing and complex. The present work is aimed to draw attention to the problem of suicidal behavior in adolescents in modern Russian reality. While analyzing cases of severe injuries due to suicidal behavior in adolescents who were admitted to the Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST) in Moscow (Russia) , the authors stated their significant increase in recent years . In 2016-2023, 58 children after suicidal attempts were hospitalized to CRIEPST. All children were teenagers (11-17 years old). The authors not only noted an increased risk of suicide in 14-16 age group of teenagers, but they also noted gender features in this group. Two groups of suicide causation were defined as well: psychopathological processes and affective, impulsive reactions. After summarizing findings obtained in CRIEPST , the researchers have stated an increase in the number of psychopathological predispositions in children in the recent years. An increased number of cases with suicidal behavior in adolescents and predominance of psychopathological processes as risk factors should make adults be more attentive to tendencies in suicide causation and their prevention. The data presented in the article are preliminary and incomplete, as they do not cover cases that did not lead to severe somatic consequences.

Emotion recognition by facial expression is one of the components of the system of cognitive–emotional connections, and its study allows us to expand our understanding of emotion regulation disorders as a key link in the mechanism for the formation of addictive behavior. The aim of the study is to research the features of emotion recognition in people with chemical dependence. Methods. The study involved 36 people, including 18 participants with chemical dependence and 18 participants in the healthy controls. The experimental procedure for emotion recognition by facial expression was developed based on the Emotional Fascial Expression database (KDEF–dyn data base) and allows us to evaluate 6 basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise) in the dynamics of their display, the percentage of correct and wrong answers. Hierarchical multiple linear regression using gender, age, education level, level of anxiety and depression (HADS), general level of impulsivity (BIS–11) as control variables was used. Results. It has been shown patients with chemical dependence are characterized by impaired recognition of sadness and have misattributing disgust in the direction of sadness. Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the presence of emotion recognition disorders in chemical dependence in the Russian-speaking sample and can be used in the framework of psycho-corrective programs with an emphasis on interpersonal interaction.

This digest offers two research materials on the links between vulnerable narcissism and hypersensitivity and the core of the «dark triad».

We present a report on the results of the III International Conference on Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy in the memory of Fyodor E. Vasilyuk “Counseling Psychology: traditions and novations” (November 11—12, 2022, Moscow).

Sleep-related complaints are common in children and affect their daytime sleepiness, success and quality of life. However, often parents are unaware of or do not consider them as a problem demanding treatment. Aim. To identify the parental appraisals of the patterns and difficulties with sleep in children aged 5—13 years and parental subjective qualification of them as a problem. Methods. In 147 pairs of «parent-child 5—13 years old without diagnosed sleep disorders» (47 pairs with a child 5—6 years old, 49 with a child 7—9 years old, 51 with a child 10—13 years old), parents answered questions about the pattern children’s sleep habits and completed the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Children replied to Sleep Self-Report. Results. Difficulties with sleeping are common in children 5—13 years of age: irregular bedtimes, prolonged time falling asleep, falling asleep in someone else’s bed, night terrors, insufficient sleep time, frequent nocturnal awakenings, sleep-talking, early morning awakenings, long time to get up in the morning, fatigue in the afternoon 3 times a week or more are typical for every third child, while protests against going to bed, the impossibility of waking up on their own in the morning, difficulties in getting up in the morning — for every second child. For children 10—13 years old, lack of sleep was also wide-spread. Parents frequently do not consider sleep difficulties in children as a problem. The pattern of going to bed, sleeping, and waking up didn’t not differ between boys and girls, but girls rated their sleepiness higher, and rated sleep quality lower. With age, daytime and nighttime sleep was reduced, bedtime became later, while breathing problems during sleep, parasomnia symptoms and night terrors became rarer. Conclusion. Given the prevalence of complaints about various difficulties associated with sleep in children aged 5—13 years, the acute question is why parents do not qualify these difficulties as problems and do not seek help is relevant.